SUPERNATURAL BEINGS 4

LOA

In the Haitian cult, voodoo is a common name for spirits. These spirits are closely associated with African gods and personify natural phenomena - such as fire, water, wind; also loa - ghosts, the souls of the dead Llamhigin-i-dur and ancestors. They are divided into two large groups: glad - benevolent spirits and ready to help, and petro - evil and dangerous to humans.

Loa manifest their will through special rituals. These rituals are characterized by the fact that their participants gradually fall into a trance, in which they are possessed by the loa. Mastery occurs as follows: the spirit temporarily displaces the astral body of a particular person and occupies the physical body. Such a man is said to have been ridden by a loa; he completely obeys his "rider".

LOBS AND HOBS

In English folklore, good-natured fairies. These are quite tall, physically strong tailed creatures, always ready to help with the housework - say, grind grain or something else in the same vein. Like brownies, they prefer to work at night, and during the day they snore in secluded places; Only one reward is accepted - a saucer of cream. The most rustic of the Lobs—they are called Lubberkins— should be trusted with only the simplest of jobs, so clumsy and slow-witted they are. One of the foreheads - Forehead-Lie-by-the-fire - managed to leave a mark in great literature. The English Romantic poet John Milton mentioned him in his poem "L'Ape^ro":

“... The goblin climbed into their house.

I took a shot of cream and for that

So much grain to them before the light

Managed to get one.

That fit a dozen men.

Then the shaggy guest ate.

Warmed up a little by the hearth.

Sniffed out the door and was like that

W. Blake. Goblin (illustration - Even before the first roosters. *

tion to L'AIedgo by D. Milton) * (Translated by Yu. Korneev)

LOCANTICS

In Jain mythology , the deities of Brahmaloka (seventh heaven, or upper paradise). Their name translates as "on-the-border-of-the-world" and means that in the next incarnation, the Lokantics will become human and achieve liberation. Lokantiki are divided into eight tribes: Sarasthata. Aditya. Wahni. Aruna, Gardatoya, Carcasses-

LOCAPALY

Hanuman - commander of both

zyan

ta Avyabi idha and Arishta These deities do not know sensual pleasures and continuously meditate

LOCAPALY

. In Hindu mythology , the guardian deities of the cardinal points Initially, there were four lokapals, later their number increased to eight Each lokapala has its own elephant (see DIGGAJI): these elephants are also called lokapals and support the earth from eight sides. Lokapalas were guarded by the cardinal points of Brahma , after King Nakhushi was defeated, Indra guards the east Yama - south, Varuna - west, Kubera - north Soma - northeast, Surya - southeast Agni - southwest, Vayu - northwest
In Buddhist mythology, there are four guardians of the cardinal points as well as local deities - guardians of the rivers of the lakes of individual areas.

PATTERNS

See MERMAIDS

LOTOFAGI

In Greek mythology, a wonderful people, to whom Odysseus fell during his wanderings. Their nickname means "lotus eaters". Gmer, through the mouth of Odysseus, tells about the meeting with lotophages in such terms

“For nine days an irritated storm carried us through the dark

Fishy in the ladies on the tenth to the land of lotophages.

The light of those who saturate themselves with food, the wind rushed us.

Went out on solid ground and stocked up on fresh water

We arranged a quick light lunch at the fast ships.

Satisfying my hunger with food and drink, I chose

Two of our most efficient comrades (there was a third

Herald with them) and sent them to know where we had reached, and

People who eat bread on a land rich in gifts.

They found peaceful lotophages there and sent by our

lo shen

Many-headed deity Japan, Shoga Takuma 2nd half of the 12th century.

Lotus-eaters did not do evil: they with friendly caress

Having met them, they gave the lotus to taste; but only

Everyone tasted the sweet-honey lotus instantly

I forgot everything and, having lost the desire to return back

Suddenly, in the country of lotophages, he wanted to be delicious

Lotus to collect, forever abandoning their homeland.

By the power of their weeping to our ships, I commanded

Tie them firmly there to the ship's benches, while the rest

I gave orders to faithful comrades without any hesitation,

Everyone board the nimble ships so that none of them,

Sweet lotus seduced by the return home did not renounce

Everyone gathered for the court and. sat on the avkas at the oars.

At once, the dark waters churned with mighty messages.

*("Odyssey" Translated by Zhukovsky)

LO SHEN

In Chinese mythology , the spruce spirits of the goal They are also called yangmus ("masters of the eyes") and minmu-hou ("princes, enlightening eyes"); these names are related. what io shen is responsible for eye health

There is a legend that a certain censor was exiled from the capital to the province and there he encountered five Lo brothers who committed atrocities. However, the brothers suddenly repented and committed suicide. Over time, the censor was pardoned and allowed to return, and then a cataract appeared on his eye. At night, he dreamed of the five Lo brothers, and the next day he felt that his eyesight was restored. The censor subsequently built a temple where everyone who suffered from eye diseases came to ask for healing.

In Tibetan mythology , deities related to the dregpa Oni hatched from six

LUANNYAO

eggs laid by the golden tortoise. Their appearance is consistent with the nickname, which translates as "those who swim in the water and crawl on the ground": they have snake bodies, and heads - fish, frogs and even scorpions. Lu live in rivers and lakes. They are subject to the elements, they send drought and frost, as well as epidemics.

Luanyao. pen drawing

LUANNYAO

In ancient Chinese mythology, a wonderful bird. In appearance, she resembles a cross between a rooster and a peacock, her plumage is red (or blue-green). The voice of the luanyao is similar to the sound of a bell. Along with other colorful birds, huangniaoi and fengniao, luan birds belong to the phoenix. It was believed that they appear only when peace and tranquility reign in the country.

Yuan Ke tells about the jianmu tree: “The jianmu tree grew on. southwest on the Dugu an plain. where. believed to be the center of heaven and earth. It was an amazing place: what didn’t grow there - rice. millet, beans, wheat, their grains were white and smooth, as if shiny with fat. And it was possible to sow them at any time - whether it be winter or summer. Magic birds, luan, sang there, feng birds whirled in a dance, a variety of birds and animals gathered, because trees and grasses were green in Duguan in winter and summer.

LUN-VAN

In Chinese mythology, the head of the moon dragons, the lord of the waters. It is much larger than other dragons, its length is about five hundred meters. Each sea has its Long-wang, and they are all brothers of the turtle Ao. Long-wang of the eastern sea was called Guande ("adding wisdom"), the western - Guanzhong ("increasing favor"), the northern - Guangze ("increasing

LUN

Dragon on the Chinese New Year greetings LUN

giving generosity") and the southern - Guangli ("adding wealth") In addition, it was believed that the four main rivers of China and large lakes have long-vans.

In folklore, Lung Wang is represented as an old man living in a palace at the bottom of the sea. This palace is filled with countless treasures guarded by sea creatures.

Wu Cheng-en's classic medieval novel Journey to the West tells how the monkey king Sun Wukong fought Long-wang:

“The old dragon doesn’t know how to be here.

He lost his tongue out of fear...

In a fit, the younger dragons fight,

Others rush about like animals in a cage.

Screams, screams, groans are heard everywhere.

Broken windows, doors thrown in

Locks and barriers are broken ... "*

*(Translated by A. Efron)

The battle was long and bloody. Finally, Sun Wukong contrived and with a blow from an iron staff crushed Long-wang's skull. And on the site of the battle, at the behest of the emperor, a monastery was erected with such a sign above the gate: “The monastery, established by decree of the sovereign, Protecting the state and subverting dragons.”

Dragon in Chinese mythology . These dragons represent the masculine principle - yang, the light force. However, in some legends, they retained a connection with the dark power of yin: dragons live underground, where they guard treasures; they know the location of the earth's veins.

LURIDAN

In one ancient treatise, which Yuan Ke quotes in his book, the appearance of the moon is described as follows: “ Head like a camel, horns like a deer, eyes like a hare, ears. like a cow, a neck like a snake, a belly like a sea animal, scales like a carp, claws like a hawk, paws like a tiger ... " Moon dragons are winged: they either fly in the sky or swim on water. It was believed that all animals and birds descended from these dragons.

The later tradition divided the moon dragons into five genera according to colors: huanglong - yellow, qinglong - green, chilong - red, bailong - white and xuanlong - black. In addition, dragons differ in appearance: there are jiao - scaly dragons, there are chiu - horned and chi - hornless.

The appearance of the moon promises good luck.

LURIDAN

In the folklore of the inhabitants of Orkney, faeries are a helper, in many ways similar to brownies. He honestly and faithfully serves people - he sweeps rooms, washes dishes, and lights a fireplace in the morning. It is believed that these fairies once ruled the Orkney Islands. then the gods instructed them to manage the Wel- Green Dragon Qinglong som, to teach the Welsh bards poetry and wisdom, and then they were returned to the islands, where they remain to this day.

LUE

In Cornish folklore, a huge hare. On full moon nights, he gallops over the tops of the hills. Some legends say that this is the spirit of a girl who is looking for a boyfriend who left her, or the spirit of a drowned fisherman. According to other sources, the lue is a "friend" who escaped from us .

LHA

In Tibetan mythology , the deities of the sky, as well as the deities of the mountains. They originated from the original egg. Thanks to lha, a person can live in the world without fear that the world is his

DIVYA people

Fairy people Megenberg, "Book of Nature", Augsburg, 1478

will destroy. Each person from birth to death is accompanied by five lhas.

PEOPLE OF DIVYA

In ancient Russian legends , monsters inhabit distant lands, especially the Indian kingdom. Information about the Divia people is contained in the stories about the campaigns of Alexander the Great (Chronographic Alexandria. “Serbian Alexandria. “The Legend of Alexander's Daughter”, etc.). and also in the legends about the kingdom of Prester John.

In the “Tale of the Indian Kingdom”, John “the king and the priest” describes his subjects in this way: “And dumb people live with me in one area, and horned people in another, and in another land three-legged people, and other people - nine fathoms, this led kana, and other people with four arms, and others with six, and I have ze. blah. where people have half the body of a dog and half of a human, and my other people have eyes and a mouth in their chest In another land of mine, people have big mouths on top, and my other people have cattle legs I have people - a nano-sheep bird, half a man and other people have dog heads. .*

LUTENS

In the folklore of the French and Swiss, there are mischievous creatures who cannot sit still for a second so as not to throw out another joke: Their fantasy knows no limits, they are ready to endlessly harass people Lutens turn a gay into horses. and when you sit on such a horse, they throw you into the mud. They frighten hunters lying in wait for game; lead travelers astray break off the horns of cows and goats block up roads push passers-by off cliffs

lad

they make fun of the gullible simpletons who rush to collect them for a long time.

However, in a good mood, the lutes do not refuse to work. They take care of those animals that they like; such animals very quickly become the best in the herd or in the herd. Lutens adore children and can play with them all day long. Home lutens warn'! In misfortune, the marines rescue the shipwrecked, the coastal ones guard the fishing nets

Lutens are mischievous, but good-natured. However, they can also get angry - if people spy on them or interfere in their affairs.

Lutens have a great variety of nicknames and guises. They appear disguised as small children or animals, like skeins of wool, huge spiders, monks in red cassocks, flying spindles, wolf-headed people, stray lights, and so on. They practically do not have their own houses. they are constantly moving from place to place. Only domestic lutens move only when people move or when the owner of the house dies. They try not to settle near running water - rivers and mountain streams, but they swarm in ponds and lakes. They can be found in the forest and on the seashore, in the mountains and in the fields.

Tradition says that in one village it was customary to leave a jug of milk for the lute every evening on the path. who looked after the livestock. A certain shepherd decided to look at the lute. He was curious: did such a small creature really take care of the goats and sheep? One day, he himself carried a jug of milk to the lute's cave and hid behind a stone. Some time later, cautious footsteps were heard, a tiny handle reached for the jug. And then a loud bleating was heard behind the shepherd: turning around, he saw that a boulder had fallen on the best goat in the herd. When the shepherd turned back to the cave, the jug was gone.

Eeyore Rice Aldrovandus

lad

In Russian folklore, the local nickname for demons and goblin is found in proverbs such as: “Take you for a ride”, “Go to the lyads”, etc.

MAALUS

See MAHIS.

MAANALAYSY

See MAHIS

MAANVEKI

See MAAH2Y.

MAHIS

In Finnish and Estonian mythology, underground veins were eaten by ugly creatures with the ability to shapeshift. They are able to transform into cats, ermines, lizards, frogs, etc. The path to the country of maakhis can be found by following the ant path. In their world, they walk upside down. that he spent not a year or two with the Maakhis. and for hundreds of years (cf. similar ideas of the Germanic peoples about the time in the Magic Land - see FEIRI) Maahi s own wonderful cattle and patronize the livestock of people: that. whoever tortures the cattle runs the risk of incurring the wrath of the maakhis. becomes rich

Despite the ugliness of maahi ov. their daughters are of unspeakable beauty. To the one who is lost in the forest of maakhis. clothes should be turned inside out 7 otherwise you can dol. about wandering (cf. Slavic notions about the goblin) Anyone who wants to spend the night in the forest must make an offering to the maakhis - milk, honey, etc. Before building a house. you need to redeem the land from the maakhis - that is, bury a coin in it

MAB

In English folklore , Shakespeare's fairy queen Mab is described as follows:

"She is the ancestor of the fairies,

And in size - with a pebbles of agate

In the mayor's ring At night she

On a gear, dust particles ride in a train Along our noses while we sleep. The wheels have spokes made of spider legs. Carriage top made of locust wings.

MAVKI

Straps of tugs - from the threads of the web, And collars - from dew drops.

A whip of ribbon is wound around the bone of a cricket.

A mosquito on a goat is the size of a worm.

Of those that from sleepy laziness Start up in the nails of craftswomen.

Her wagon is an empty hazelnut.

This carriage was made for her. Carriages of sorceresses - a beetle and a squirrel ... She braids her manes in the stables

And her hair is knocked down with a tangle,

Which unweave

unsafe.*

*("Romeo and Juliet" Translation by Pasternak B)

Over time, Mab was "deposed" and she became only the first maid of honor at the court of the new queen, Titania.

MAVKI

In the mythology of the Eastern Slavs, female spirits are close to mermaids. According to popular beliefs, children who die without baptism turn into mavok. Mavkas live in the forests and appear to people under the guise of young beautiful girls.

They lure men, talk to them, tickle them, and won't let go until they tickle them to death.

A.N. Afanasiev reports: “Mermaids steal babies who are stillborn or who die without baptism from grave pits and carry them into their waters; they steal them even from under the threshold of the hut. For seven years on Trinity and Spirit days, the souls of these babies fly through the air and beg for baptism.

They think that they can be saved by saying the words: “I baptize you in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit!” and annual funeral services on the first Monday of Petrovka. If, within a seven-year period, they are not redeemed by prayers and do not hear the above formula from anyone, then they will forever remain in the society of mermaids. The same fate awaits those unfortunate babies who are cursed by their mothers in the womb.

or before the sacrament of baptism is performed on them, they disappear from the house and become mermaids. This breed of mermaid-children is represented by folk fantasy in the form of seven-year-old girls with blond curly hair, in white shirts without a belt.

Below, he adds VIs that accompany mermaids and try to take revenge on living people for that. that they allowed them to die unbaptized by us and deprived of heavenly

Maya's dream. Relief of the face of a war plate from a stupa. Amaravati, Iv. British Museum, London

kingdoms. In the summer, they swim at night on the surface of rivers, springs and lakes and waddle with water, and in the Green or Mermaid week they run through the fields and cornfields with a sad exclamation: “Less mats of the la breed, buried uncrossed!” ... There. where the Mavkas dance, the grass grows greener and thicker...”

MADA

See HAOML

MAYAN

In ancient Indian mythology, the ability to reincarnate, characteristic of supernatural beings, if wider, is an illusion. The Maya gods have a wonderful transformation, good magical power. For demons , this is a kind of cunning, insidious substitution, deceit. Maya is often personified and then acts as

a woman of heavenly origin, wife first of the demon of Shambara and then of her pupil Pradyumna, the son of Krishna.

In Vishnuism, Maya is the illusory nature of being: reality is understood as a dream of Vishnu and the world as a divine game. As stated in the comments to the Vishnu Purana, Maya is a world illusion that envelops the mind of living beings.

MAKARA

and preventing them from comprehending the true essence of the world.

MAKARA

In ancient Indian mythology, wonderful sea animals. These are huge creatures resembling the appearance of dolphins, sharks or crocodiles. They have the head of a crocodile or an elephant with a raised trunk, or a fish with an open mouth: the body is fish or snake, with two or four legs and ending in a fish tail. They are. according to the Mahabharata, "set the ocean in agitation", which is often referred to as the "abode of the Makaras".

In addition, Makara is one of the signs of the Indian zodiac (Capricorn). Abu Reyhan Biruni notes: “About the image of the tenth sign of the zodiac, Varahamihira says that he has a head like a goat, but otherwise it is Makara. When they talk about makara. it is already superfluous to talk about the head of a goat. Only the Greeks need this, because they consider that image to consist of two animals: above the chest - from a goat, and below the chest - from a fish. And the marine animal called makara also, according to the descriptions, does not need to be considered as consisting of two parts.

According to one of the myths, the sage Agastya drank the ocean in which Mount Vindhya stood. When the water disappeared, the foot of the mountain was exposed, and makaras clung to it, who drilled numerous passages in the thickness of the rock. Jewels remained in these passages; in addition, snakes guarded the treasures settled in them.

MALAYAN

Elephant fish, India I thousand Capricorn. Udaipur, India

In Muslim mythology , angels. The thirty-fifth sura of the Qur'an says: “Praise be to Allah. Creator of heaven and earth, who made angels messengers with double, triple and quadruple wings. Like Christian angels, Malayka serve as intermediaries between the prophets, ordinary people and the deity. By the command of Allah, they prostrated themselves before Adam - everyone. except for Iblis, who became an outcast and turned into a devil. Malaika protect heaven from jinn and shaitans, punish the infidels; there is a special category of Malay - angels

Prophet Muhammad in Paradise. Islamic manuscript of the 15th century.

BOY-FINGER

death (“Say “The angel of death accepts your death, to whom you are entrusted then you will be returned to your Lord”) Nineteen strongest Malay guard hell (jahannsh)

BOY-FINGER

In Russian folklore , the dwarf He is born from an accidentally severed finger of his mother. In fairy tales, the little finger boy is so small that he can hide in a horse's mane or tail, in a horse's nostril or under a hoof. A mushroom cap serves as a roof from the rain, and a mouse hole and a snail shell are a home for him.

He knows similar characters and Western European folklore. For example, in English fairy tales, Tot Tishtpb is often mentioned, that is, "Tom as tall as a finger."

MAN

In Chinese mythology, a monstrous serpent, a four-fingered dragon or a dragon with four claws Was considered the king of snakes

MANAHUNE

See MENEHUNE

MANDRAKE

In the folklore of various peoples, a wonderful plant-animal with supernatural properties. The mandrake root is similar in outline to the lower part of the human body It is believed that this root is alraun When the root is pulled out of the ground, the mandrake groans loudly, anyone who hears this groan must die

Mandrake

digging up a mandrake used obaka tied to a plant Frightened

the dog had to pull out the root and the man would die, but he did not suffer.

Mandrake flowers glow at night like fire. This plant has a hypnotic and stimulating effect (curiously, in the Middle Ages it was believed that the mandrake came from the gallows seed); it was worn as a love amulet. In addition, there was a belief that with the help of mandrago • ry , witches could bewitch people and put spells on them. Another mandrake gives a person invulnerability, helps to find treasures and give predictions

In Russia, the mandrake was called the Adam's head. According to A. N. Afanasyev, “ hunters and fishermen fumigate their snares and nets on Pure Thursday so that fishing is successful; they also fumigate guns with this herb so that they do not deteriorate and would give well-aimed shots. M And Zabylin adds: The grass of Adam's head is in great possession of the villagers

Wizards. they collect it on Ivanov's day and keep it secretly until Maundy Thursday .. They say that the one who has this root is everywhere the head of the soul of the community and will argue with others "

MANIGO

In the folklore of the inhabitants of Canada , a monster, a snake that lives in Lake Manitoba It has a yellow-brown skin, it moves, arching like a caterpillar It is believed that Manipogo is a relative of those snakes that live in other lakes of British

Colombia - Ogopogo, Tazama. Pohengamok. Before you go fishing in one of these lakes, you should put a dog or pig on the bow of the boat, which you can offer as a sacrifice to the monster, if it appears.

MANITOU

In the myths of the Indians of North America (Algonquians), supernatural beings, guardian spirits, guardian tribes. It was believed that the Manitou are the first ancestors of the current generations. The Indians believed that the manitou were everywhere, so they turned their prayers to them, addressing animals and plants, water and heaven. The Manitou were responsible for the welfare of the tribe. In no case was it possible to kill a totem animal - more often

the whole eagle or snake, otherwise

Manticore. From a bestiary of the 17th century.

the manitou could get angry. A shaman communicated with Manitou, who at ceremonies uttered calls like this: “You are Manitou. We bring you smoke... We often get sick, our children die, we starve. Have mercy on us. Hear me. Manitou, I brought you smoke ... "Manitou are not inclined to evil, but they are not averse to playing tricks on people. Their voices are often

hear in reserved places, where they echo the exclamations of travelers.

MANNYAN

See TOKKEBI.

MANticore

In medieval bestiaries and European "eastern" folklore , a monster, a bloodthirsty beast with the body of a tiger, a horse's mane and an old man's head crowned with two spiral horns. She has a triple row of teeth, human ears and a scorpion tail with a poisonous sting. The manticore's voice is loud and shrill. The monster cannot be tamed, but if you crush its tail, it will become meek and docile. When the manticore catches the prey.

she gnaws through the bones and swallows the poor fellow whole, along with his clothes. So that. when a person disappears without a trace, it is quite possible that a manticore was involved. It is believed that some people have the ability to turn into a manticore: at night they run around the settlements in search of victims.

Manticore

MANA

In Roman mythology , the deities of the underworld; also - deified souls of ancestors and guardians of tombs. Unlike lemurs, mans were considered good gods, but the goddess Mania was associated with them, sending madness, so they were slightly feared.

Ovid in "Fastah" describes the rite of worship of manas:

“Honor is given to the graves. Please your father's souls

And put small gifts on the ashes of the fires!

Mana expect little: they value honor higher

Magnificent gifts. The deities of Styx are by no means greedy.

They are glad to the shards entwined with a modest wreath.

A handful of small grains, one grain of salt, a piece of bread in wine, petals of flowering violets:

Throw all this in a shard in the middle of the roads.

You can give more, but even with this you will beg the shadows.

And pray at the funeral pyres.” *

Sacrifice to ancestors

★ (Translated by F. Petrovsky)

MARA

In the mythology and folklore of European and some other peoples , a spirit that strangles a sleeping person at night sitting on his chest. If a mara is in a good mood, she is limited to that. what sends a bad dream It was from the nickname of these creatures that the word "nightmare" arose. According to some sources, maras are the spirits of abandoned girls who nod their unfaithful lovers to avenge their wrongs. And since they don’t know where to look for them, they take revenge on everyone

From the same root as "mara", the word "wraith" comes from - "deception of the eyes." « illusion It was believed that the haze most often let sorcerers and witches

Temptation

Buddha by the army of Mary Relief of the cornice. Nagard-juna-konda

MARCOPOLI

See BARZDUKI

MARCH

See FEI

MARUL

In the folklore of the inhabitants of the Shetland Islands, the evil and bloodthirsty beast Marut This sea monster usually takes the form of a fish On the top of his head he has a fiery crest and his eyes cover the entire head of Marup

often rises to the surface in shreds of luminous foam. He likes storms: there is a legend that some people heard how the monster sang wild songs to which ships were wrecked

MARUTS

In ancient Indian mythology, the brothers are the deities of the wind of the storm, thunder and lightning, descended from the god Rutsra.

The Rig Veda describes the Maruts as

"Those Maruts who were born together

With colorful antelopes, with spears

Axes, ornaments, they, having their own, shine.

As if they are here - listen to them

When the whip whistles in their hands

On their way, they acquire a bright appearance

Before your departure falls prostrate

Man in front of your formidable wrath

Os gives rock and mountain..

O Maruts, the strength that you have - With it you shook the people.

With it you still fucked the mountains * .*

★ (Translated by T. Elizarenkova)

Usually the Maruts accompany the god Indra, but sometimes they enter into enmity with him.

Rigveda” there is a story about the resentment of the Maruts against Indra, who appropriated the sacrifice dedicated to them. The battle almost started, only the intervention of the sage Agastya led to reconciliation

"[Agastya]

There is neither today nor tomorrow.

Does anyone understand what is incomprehensible?

If you follow the intention of another

That wish disappears

Maruts:]

Why do you want to destroy us, Indra?

The Maruts are your brothers.

Treat them well'

Don't kill us in a collision!

Deity with three eyes and many arms. Tibet

MARUHA

See MARA.

MASSARIOLI

[Maruts:)

Why, O brother Agastya,

As a friend, you have little respect for us After all, we know what your thought is : You don’t want to give us anything!

[Agastya:)

Let them decorate the altar!

Let them kindle a fire before him!

Here we both want to prepare a wonderful sacrifice for you immortal!

[Agastya:]

O lord of good things, you are the master of good things!

O lord of friendly treaties, you are the best at making friendly treaties!

O Indra, conspire with the Maruts

And eat sacrificial dishes at the appointed time! ** '(Translated by T. Elizarenkova)

MASSANG

In Tibetan mythology , ancestral spirits and at the same time mountain deities Their seven or nine brothers. They take either human or semi-animal form. In addition, in the folklore, masang in the singular is the son of a cow and a man, a bull-headed warrior.

MATRI

Melusines. Rice. Abraham

Eleazar, 1760

However, they are not limited to animals. Massarioli help people with the housework, trying to keep on; like the women they like. They often turn into hair combs or threads that seem to stick to women's skin by themselves. They take great pleasure in spying on young girls, and sometimes they take them high into the mountains and make them dance. When the girls get tired, the massarioli take them home.

They dress in red: red stockings, red waistcoats and hats Massarioli's laughter resembles a horse's neighing Sea massarioli drink a weakness for nuts

The tale says that the sea massariol somehow got out onto land and stuck to a woman who was roasting chestnuts. She agreed to roast chestnuts for him too, and he brought her a fish of pure gold from the sea. And whenever she roasted chestnuts, massariol brought her gold.

One day he asked who she was

The woman replied: *I am me.

She continued to roast chestnuts for the massariol, but over time she got tired of it, and she took and poured a frying pan with butter on the fairies. He squealed in pain and ran for help to the massarioli who lived on land

- Who doused you? they asked

“Me!” he shouted. -I'

His brothers were so angry with him for his stupidity that he could hardly fly away.

MATRI

In Hindu mythology, the divine mothers They personify both the creative and destructive forces of nature. The number of matris ranges from seven to sixteen, all of them are female incarnations of the great gods: for Brahma - Brahmami for Vishnu - Vaishnavi for Shiva - Maheshvari. from Indra - Indrani, etc.

MAHARAJI KI

See GHANA

CHALK AND HELLS

In Greek mythology , the ash nymphs , which grew from the blood of castrated Uranus, were considered the progenitors of mankind.

MELIA

See MELIADS.

MELUZINS (MELOZINS)

In Russian folklore, the nickname of those mermaids, in whose appearance the features of Greek sirens , a fish tail and enchanting singing, from which even a storm calms down, clearly appear . This nickname is associated with the story of the fairy Melusina, who, due to the curse imposed on her, turns into a siren every Saturday. Apparently, this image got into folklore from the book tradition.

Maenads

P P Rubens Bacchanalia

In Greek mytholo

gia companions of the god Dionysus who, following him, crushed everything in their path with ivy-covered wands. Half-naked maenads tore animals to shreds in insane delight, killed men and dragged women along with them.

MENEHUNE

In the mythology of the Polynesians , dwarfs are the owners of the forests. They live in caves and sometimes shoot people from their bows.

MERLIN

Melusina-fish Russian woodcut 1st half. 18th century

In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, the great sorcerer who helped King Arthur for many years was not born from a mortal father. The chronicle of Geoffrey of Monmouth says: “And when they were brought before the royal eyes, the sovereign received Merlin’s mother with due respect, as he knew that she was descended from noble parents. Then, he began to ask her, from whom she conceived Merlin. She replied: "You have a living soul and

MERROW

I have a living soul, my lord. king but I really don't know from whom I got it. I only know that once, when I was sleeping with my associates, someone appeared before me in the guise of a charming young man and. squeezing me in a tenacious embrace, fell on me with kisses, having stayed with me for a very short time, he suddenly vanished as if he had not been at all. And he visited me for a long time in the same way as I told, and often combined with me, as if a man in flesh and blood and left me with

Merlin

a burden in the womb*.

Even before the birth of Arthur Merlin, by his magic, brought to Britain huge stones, now known as Stonehenge. He helped Arthur get the wonderful sword Excalibur, established the Round Table and performed many other feats. His prophecies are on a par with the predictions of Nostradamus.

Enchanted by his friend and assistant Vivian, he sleeps inside the hill while waiting for the deadline. When Merlin wakes up, then Arthur will wake up, and the golden age will come on Earth.

MERROW

In Irish folklore, water fairies Merrow women. distant relatives of sea maidens are real beauties, but with fish tails instead of legs and webbing between the fingers, Merrow is afraid, because their appearance portends a storm, but they are much more favorable to people than other fairies and often fall in love with mortals Children from such marriages are born with fish scales instead of skin. Sometimes merrow come ashore in the form of small horses, and under water they are allowed to live by red caps with feathers. If you steal such a hat, the merrow will no longer be able to return to the sea.

MESTER STURWORM

Murrow

Merrow men are real freaks, they have green skin, red aquiline noses and pig eyes. However, they are no less friendly than women.

The story goes that a man named Jack Dougherty wanted to see the merrow since childhood. especially since Jack's grandfather was on friendly terms with them. One day his wish came true: he was walking along the shore and suddenly saw a strange creature - scaly, with a fish tail, green hands, long and also green teeth. The creature said hello, calling Jack by name, and invited him to visit, promising to drink properly. A week later, the merrow was waiting for Jack at the appointed place: he had two red caps in his hands. Jack put on his cap and they went down to the bottom where the merrow house stood. Much was eaten and drunk at the table: the intoxicated merrow showed Jack his treasures. Among others, there were cages in which the souls of drowned sailors languished. Jack wanted to free them.

He invited the merrow to his place, gave him moonshine to drink, pulled off his hat and went to Release the souls, then got out on the shore, woke the merrow and sent him home. Oddly enough, the merrow did not miss the souls - apparently, his memory was knocked out of the moonshine. She and Jack remained best friends. But one fine morning, the merrow did not appear - either he died, or sailed away from those parts.

MESTER STURWORM

In the folklore of the inhabitants of Orkney, a huge snake. His breath is poisonous, and he has no wings, because he lives in the sea. From the breath of a snake, the grass dries and leaves fall from the trees, and people and animals fall down as if they were cut down. Gyaz is his one and only and blazes with fire. Sturworm's tongue is hundreds of miles long. He brings down mountains and cities into the sea. With the forked tip of the snake's tongue, it grabs its victims. The largest and strongest

METSAVAIM

A cue ship falls apart as soon as a stormworm squeezes it with its tongue.

METSAVAIM

Theseus fighting the Minotaur

In Estonian mythology, forest spirits are werewolves who can transform into animals, take on a human and semi-human form, often from the face they look like people, and instead of their backs they have a rotten trunk or a tail sticking out below their waists, etc. Metsavaims live in hollows of trees and settle daily families. People are treated quite friendly, but they punish those who violate certain prohibitions - say, they work in the forest on Sundays. They patronize forest animals and birds, help the growth of trees and severely punish hunters who leave injured prey in the forest.

METSAHALDYAD See METSAVAIM

MILES

In Irish legends, the descendants of Mil, the ancestor of the present Irish Mil, together with his sons

on thirty ships he arrived in Ireland and fought for a long time with the Tuatha De Dianne . When the Milesians finally won a victory, only two of them remained alive - Eber and Eremon. who divided the territory of the island among themselves

MIMENGVI

In Korean mythology, evil spirits become the souls of people who died a violent death, as well as the souls of unmarried girls, unmarried boys and widowers who left no offspring.

MINMU-HOU

See lo-shen

MINOTAUR

In Greek mythology , a monster, half-man. a half-bull born by Pasiphae, the daughter of the god Helios, from a bull sent by the god Poseidon (or from Poseidon himself). The Minotaur guarded the underground labyrinth on the island of Crete: seven boys and girls were sacrificed to him every seven years - this was the payment of the Athenians for the murder of the son of the Cretan king Minos. Tsarevich Theseus also entered the next seven of his own free will.

Apollodorus reports: “Theseus is counted among those. who were given to be devoured by the Minotaur. But. as some have reported. Theseus offered himself of his own free will... When he arrived in Crete, Ariadne, the daughter of Minos, fell in love with him and said that she would help Theseus if he agreed to marry her and take her to Athens. Theseus agreed, confirming his consent with an oath, and then she asked Daedalus to show how to get out of the labyrinth. On the advice of Daedalus, she gave Theseus, who entered the labyrinth, a thread. Theseus tied her to the door and began to pull behind him, moving into the depths. Finding the Minotaur in the most remote part of the labyrinth, Theseus attacked him with his fists and killed him: holding on to the thread, he went back out.

MIRAJ

In Arabic folklore, a wonderful animal that lives on a certain island in

Indian Ocean. In appearance, it is most for Bari . Theseus and the minotaur resemble a large hare with yellow fur, and a twisted black horn sticks out of his forehead. Unlike its counterparts, the mirage is carnivorous and ferocious, often preying on deer and antelopes.

MIRMEKOLEV

In medieval bestiaries, a wonderful beast, a cross between a lion and an ant. It has the head of a lion and the body of a giant ant. Since the ant's stomach is unable to digest that

MICHIBICI

Three Parks at work

the food that the lion's mouth devours, the myrmecolev dies of hunger shortly after its birth.

MICHIBICI

In the myths of the Indians of North America (Ojibwe), water deities, horned snakes or sea panthers, hostile to man. They live at the bottom of lakes, the success of fishing depends on them To appease michibichi to them

sacrificed dogs.

which are drowned in lakes.

MOIRS

In Greek mythology, the goddess of fate. According to various sources, moira is either one or three (the latter is the most common option) The names of moira are Lachesis (“giving lots), Clotho (“spinning”) and Atropos (“inevitable”); Lachesis assigns a lot to a person even before birth, Clotho spins the thread of his fate, and Atropos inexorably brings the future closer.

Plato in his treatise "The State" describes the structure of the afterlife. According to him, on the spindle of Ananke, the goddess of necessity and the mother of the moiras, “they sit, each on her own throne ... Moiras ... in all white, with wreaths on their heads ... Lachesis sings of the past Cloto - the present, Atropos - the future Time from time to time, Clotho touches with his right hand the outer rim of the spindle, helping to rotate it, while Atropos with his left hand does the same with the inner circles, and Lachesis alternately touches both with his hand.

Although the moira are the goddesses of fate, the myths emphasize more than once that the supreme god Zeus himself determines and decides the fate. So in Іmer he weighs human destinies on golden scales: in addition. Zeus is often referred to as Moiraget. i.e. "the driver of the moirs". However.

mokquisin

according to Pausanias, Zeus only "knows human affairs and everything that the Moiras appointed." (For more on the relationship of the gods to fate, see DEITIES).

Hesiod ascribes bloodthirstiness to the Moirai (along with the Keres) and emphasizes in their appearance the clawed paws that they launch into the bodies of the wounded on the battlefield. In Roman mythology, moiras correspond to parks .

MOKKVISIN

See L ANNAMU QUISIN.

MONACHELLI

Monachiello

In Italian folklore, demonic creatures. Dressed in monastic cassocks, Monachielli love to harass people - they pinch, tickle, throw stones, break glasses and plates, steal blankets, cut off the braids of girls, knock on walls ... Often they spread into cats and move so fast that they can hardly be seen . There is only one way to make Monachielli stand still - by throwing a sieve.

They begin to count holes, and since they are not strong in arithmetic, it takes them several hours to do this. Some Monachielli steal people's things, but then return them.

The Monachielli are also guarded by underground treasures. That. whoever is lucky enough to grab a Monachiello by the red cap can become a rich man. After all, Monachiello simply cannot live without a cap. But under no circumstances should the cap be given away before the treasure is on the surface. otherwise, the treasures will immediately disappear. Having received the cap, Monachiello will scream with joy and disappear without a trace.

Sicilian Monachielli have not one cap, but seven. If even one of them disappears, Monachiello will die.

The legend says that the road workers, tired, decided to rest in the cave. But it was not there! Monachiello lived in this cave. who immediately began pinching people. They still went to bed, and drive away

Monacello was entrusted to the sentinel, but the fairies were not at all embarrassed by this turn. He continued to annoy people. Then the workers sent for the engineer. He came with a rifle. When he fired, the bullet hit Monachiello in the chest, bounced off and almost survived the engineer on the spot. The workers were so frightened that they rushed to run without looking back, and even more into this cave did not look.

MORA

See MARA

SIDS

sea maiden

children.

In Scottish folklore, a serpent found in Loch Morar. similar in appearance to the famous Nessie, he does not touch people, but they fear him because he has a frightening appearance. What is one head worth - a huge one with a bared mouth. In addition, the morag emits terrible moans, which make you shiver, so people try not to come close to the lake

MORGENS

In Breton folklore, sea inhabitants They are quite friendly to people, but they are not averse to fooling around and also often steal capricious and naughty

SEA MAID

In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, demonic creatures that live in salt water are real beauties, only instead of legs they have fish tails. In fairy tales and legends, they are often described as such. sitting on the shore, they comb their wonderful hair with golden combs and sing enchanting songs. People who hear these songs completely lose their will and the sea maidens drag them to the bottom where they kill and devour. Therefore

among people it is believed that seeing a sea maiden is unfortunate.

As already mentioned, sea maidens live in salt water, but, unlike, say, the nakilev. they have not the slightest prejudice against insipid things. They often swim in lakes and rise up rivers.

The skin of sea maidens is almost transparent, they throw their long breasts over their shoulders, their hair changes color from dark green to dazzling gold. They have the ability to shapeshift, they can turn into cats, seals and fish.

If you catch a sea maiden, she will share ancient wisdom or promise to fulfill any wish in order to free herself. Sea maidens fulfill their promises honestly and never deceive. True, desires are fulfilled in a very peculiar way.

So the legend says that one young man caught a sea maiden and asked her to make him a wonderful piper (that was his cherished dream). The sea maiden asked:

Do you want to please music only yourself or everyone around?
Myself. - answered the young man.
Be your way, she said. - Your music will please only you.

And so it happened. The young man became a piper, but when he began to play, the neighbors covered their ears with their hands, because it seemed to them that it was a hundred hungry cats screaming.

sea maiden

There is also a story that one fisherman once met a sea maiden on the shore. There was a low tide, the water receded, and the fisherman lifted the maiden in his arms to carry it to the water. As a reward, she promised to fulfill his three wishes. The fisherman said that he would like to do good to his neighbors.

break spells and cure diseases. The maiden began to tell him about life under water: he was so carried away that he did not notice how he went into the water up to his knees. It's good that his dog barked here; waking up, the fisherman threatened the maiden with a knife and demanded that she let him go. She resigned, but promised to return in nine years. Time passed, the fisherman forgot about the meeting. But when, nine years later, on a calm moonlit night he sent

T. Johnson. Sea maiden and sea man

While fishing with friends in the sea, the water suddenly began to boil, and a sea maiden appeared. The fisherman threw himself into the water and swam towards her, and they both disappeared into the waves. This continues to this day every nine years, one of the descendants of that fisherman disappears into the sea.

SEA MEN

sea serpent

In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, the inhabitants of the sea, the spouses of sea maidens , they look much less attractive and are much less interested in people's affairs. They have long hair and beards, sharp green fangs, they are all very old men. They are stern husbands, even if they get hungry. can swallow their own children It is the men of the sea who send storms, raise storms and break ships. if someone dared to offend their wives. All captains of all ships and ships have the necessary knowledge to appease the seamen. They are sacrificed to their care, the bodies of the dead in the sea are entrusted. Only the captain who has a good relationship with the men of the sea. will bring his ship to the port safe and sound

often turn into bulls, fish, horses and even people.

SEA SNAKE

In the myths and folklore of various peoples , a monster that lives in the sea. Its dimensions stagger the imagination: it is three or four times longer than an ocean liner, and its head reaches the top of the mast. He moves in jerks, throwing his body forward ring after ring. True, according to some sources, the sea serpent simply glides over the waves.

The most famous of the sea serpents is Jormungandr. In the "Elder Edda" it is said that once the god Thor went to the sea to fish in the company of an iota on Hymira. They went out to sea and set to work.

sea snakes

(Angry Humir barely abandoned - and immediately pulled out two whales.

and Veor at the same time.

Odin's son, sat at the stern and rigged the donk:

a friend of men, an enemy of worms, planted a bull's head on a hook: and immediately he pecked, swallowed the bait, the round-the-world reptile, the adversary of the gods.

Pulled out, pulled out

Thor the snake fighter with the poison of a worm shining on board: he flattened the head of the snake with a hammer, beat the wolf brother in the mound of hair.

Ringed howled, already the ice broke, the ancient whole

the earth shook...

* (Translated by V. Tikhomirov. “Veor” is the nickname of Thor and it means “intercessor”)

SEA KING

In Russian folklore, the owner of all the seas and oceans, He owns all the waters that wash the ear. His children are rivers and streams. In addition, he rules over all fish and sea animals. In fairy tales, those belonging to the Sea are mentioned. The king has two keys; if you drink water from one, you will become a mighty hero, and if you wet your hair from the other, your hair will be golden

The epic about the Novgorod merchant Sadko, who ended up in the halls of the Sea King at the bottom of Lake Ilmen (or in another version, at the bottom of the "blue sea") is widely known.

SEALS

In Slavic mythology, demonic creatures associated with death (from the word "pestilence"). In addition to the sailors, fires and windmills are also known, they all harass people.

MUSES

In Greek mythology, the nine daughters of the supreme god Zeus and the goddess of memory Mnemosyne Muse - the goddess of poetry of the arts and sciences.

Apollo, Athena and the seven Muses

MULIARTEKH

Erato is the muse of lyric poetry. Calliope - epic, Clio - the muse of history, Melpomene - tragedy, Polyhymnia - religious poetry, Terpsichore - dance. Thalia - comedy, Urania - astronomy, Euterpe - erotic poetry. As a rule, the Muses accompany the god Apollo, who has the nickname Musaget. i.e. "music driver".

The Muses live on Mount Olympus. They do not tolerate competition. So, they deprived of sight and took away the gift of music from the kifared Tamiris, who dared to challenge them to a competition.

Among the offspring of the Muses are the corybantes and sirens, as well as the singers Orpheus and Lin.

MULIARTEKH

In Scottish folklore , the sea serpent is a werewolf, sometimes coming out onto land in the guise of a decrepit old woman. He knocks at the door and asks to be let in to warm himself. But, as soon as he finds himself inside, the Muliartech begins to rapidly increase in size and attacks people. In human form, he has a black face with a bluish tint and one single eye.

MULKVISIN

water dragon

In Korean mytholo

gee water spirits. As a rule, they were the souls of the drowned.

MUMBO-YUMBO

This word, borrowed from the language of the Senegalese Mandingo tribe, originally meant a village spirit who ensures that spirits hostile to the tribe do not enter the village. In European languages, the word "mumbo-jumbo" began to denote a creature like the English or Slavic beeches, that is, to quote V.I. Dal, "an imaginary scarecrow with which reasonable educators frighten children." Moreover, this word, along with

the word "abracadabra" means complete nonsense

MURA-MURA

Australian aborigines have ancestral spirits that take care of the current generation in everyday life They are asked to help on the hunt to alleviate birth pangs to heal ailments rain into a cup halfway between heaven and earth) To propitiate the spirits, you need to place pebbles soaked in the blood of six young men on the branches of a tall tree.

According to Cornish beliefs, ants are murians

MURIAN

In Cornish folklore, fairies are said to be former celestials who were not good enough for heaven and not bad enough for hell. so they stayed on the ground

murians gradually

decrease in size to ants and then disappear to no one knows where. That is why the Cornish believe that crushing an ant is in trouble. There is another version of muriana - werewolves who can spread into animals and birds. However, they resorted to transformations so often that they violated a certain physical law.

and therefore now with each transformation they become less and less

Murians have very beautiful outfits - wonderful bright green shirts, sky blue jackets, tricorners on the heads of men and caps on the heads of women, clothes embroidered with lace and hung with bells Murians help those people whom they favor. often visit the houses of the poor.

amuse the bedridden with jokes

floral aroma and a wonderful melody is heard.

The story of a certain William Noah, a wealthy farmer who lived near the Selena Marshes in Cornwall, is known. One evening, William Noah left the tavern, mounted his horse, rode out of the village - and disappeared. The neighbors searched for Noah for three days; on the third day they heard dogs barking and horses neighing. Noah's horse was tied up in dense thickets of heather, beside which his dogs lay on the grass. The horse led the neighbors to a dilapidated barn, where they stumbled upon a soundly sleeping Noah. And this is what he said when he woke up. He did not want to go around the swamps and he decided to go straight, but got lost; suddenly flashed in the distance

lights and music. The horse did not want to go into the light, and the dogs clung to her legs. I had to hurry. Tie a horse to a bush. Noah boldly walked in the direction where the music was coming from. He passed a wonderful garden and saw a palace, on the lawn in front of which tables were arranged. Hundreds of tiny people in rich clothes feasted at the tables.

Noah wanted to sit down with them, but the girl stopped him. in which he recognized his beloved, Grace Hutchins, who had died three years earlier. She took Noah to a secluded corner and said: “Thank heavens, dear William, that I managed to detain you. Otherwise, you would have turned into the same shorty. If you want to go home, don't touch me, don't eat the fruits that grow on the trees, and don't pick the flowers. Neighbors believe that I died: in fact, a changeling was buried instead of me.

It turned out that three years ago, Grace also got lost in the swamps and ended up in a wonderful garden where music played. Tired of wandering. the girl picked a golden plum, which instantly melted in her mouth, and

Spirits of doors (meng-shen), deified military leaders. Ancient Chinese engraving

she fell unconscious. And when she came to herself, she saw that tiny creatures were standing and laughing around. They were murians. who were terribly delighted: of course, because it is rarely possible to get a mortal woman to him.

Noah decided to save his beloved. Remembering the old-fashioned way, he turned his mittens inside out and threw them right on the table. In the blink of an eye, everything disappeared: the Murians were gone, but Grace was gone, and Noah found himself in a dilapidated barn. Then something hit him on the head, and he collapsed on his back.

Like many others who have visited the Fairyland, William Noah has lost all interest in life. This is the price that most mortals pay to enter the underworld.

MURUHA

See MERROW.

MUSUBI

In Japanese mythology , the deities of birth and fertility, capable of endowing people with vitality. According to myths, it was thanks to musubi that cultivated plants and silkworms were born.

MYSHANKI

Fairies in English folklore . They strictly adhere to the old way of life and insist that people should live according to the customs of their ancestors: do not strip the bark from trees, do not bake caraway seeds into bread, and do not tell their dreams. Those. those who follow these rules can count on the help of bryozoans: if they are fed, they will bring good luck.

Bryozoans not only help around the house, but also share secret knowledge. They know all medicinal herbs and plants. In particular, they know where the wonderful flower of "no-pain" grows. who helps women in childbirth. Mshanki heal even those. from whom doctors retreat. They turn tree leaves into gold and give mortals endless skeins of wool.

They are two to three feet tall. Dressed in outfits made of moss, due to which they can often be confused with trees. Their faces are wrinkled. hairy body, gray skin. Rules

bryozoans "grandmother", a gray-haired old woman, ancient as the earth itself.

The tale says that once a carpenter was walking through the forest and saw a bryozoan with a broken wheelbarrow. He wasn't in a hurry, so he repaired the damage. As a reward, the bryozoan gave him a few chips. The carpenter was amazed, but in order not to offend the bryozoan, he put the chips in his pocket, and as soon as the old woman with the wheelbarrow disappeared from view, he threw them on the grass.

The next morning, putting his hand in his pocket, he felt for a piece of wood, which was caught on something, and when he took it out, he saw that it was pure gold. He ran into the forest, but no matter how much he scoured, he did not find other chips.

MEN-SHEN

Guardian spirit of the gate. Chinese folk painting

In Chinese mythology, the guardian spirits of the gates. The ancient “Book of Mountains and Seas”, quoted by Yuan Ke, says: “In the middle of the ocean there is Mount Duso, on it is a large peach tree, spreading branches for three thousand li. In the northeast, between its branches, there are the gates of spirits, through which hosts of spirits pass. Two saints stand at the gates... They check each of the spirits, and if they see a malevolent one, they tie it up with a reed rope and give it to the tiger to eat.”

NAVKI

See MAVKI.

NAVA

See NAV

NAV

In Slavic mythology , the evil spirits are the dead; also the embodiment of death. In The Tale of Bygone Years, the epidemic in the city of Polotsk is described in the following terms: “Navie beat Polotsk”, that is, Nav rides through the city streets on invisible horses and attacks the townspeople. The Eastern Slavs have a custom to inform Nava who live somewhere beyond by sea, the news of the feast of the Resurrection of Christ To do this, they throw the shells of colored eggs into the rivers; the shell sails to the Navi shores on Green Thursday, which is also called the Navsky Great Day. According to DK Zelenin, the holiday falls on "Thursday of Trinity week" and on this day "Easter happens" for Navi and mermaids

There is a legend about the so-called navi bone, which is the cause of death of a person and is preserved in a decomposed corpse. The word “nav” has one more meaning besides the above, so in Russia they called the underworld, that is, the kingdom of the dead

NAVIE

See NAV

Nagaraja

NAGAY-BIRD

See FOOT-BIRD

NAGI

In ancient Indian mythology, wonderful creatures, demigods with serpentine bodies and human heads, the Nagas belong to the underworld - Patala; their capital is located there, where they store countless treasures. They are great sorcerers capable of resurrecting the dead and changing their own at will.

shape. Nagas often take on a human form and settle among people; naginis often become the wives of kings and heroes, for they are distinguished by indescribable beauty. Among the rulers of the Nagas, a special place is occupied by the thousand-headed serpent Shesha Vasuki, who took part in the churning of the oceans; Takshaka because of which the great snake sacrifice was performed.

The Mahabharata says that the nagas gained immortality by tasting the drink of the gods - amrita , but because they had to lick the amrita from the sharp stalks of grass, their tongues split; "ANDhere Su parna quickly flew to his mother. In great joy, he said this to all the snakes: “This Amrita was delivered by me. I will lay it for you on the kusha grass. After taking a bath, eat it to your health, O snakes! ..” Then the snakes, saying “good” in response to him, went to take a bath. In the meantime, Shakra took amrita and returned to the third heaven. And then the snakes, having performed ablution and religious rites and recited prayers, joyful then came to that place, thirsty to drink soma. Knowing that she was kidnapped with the help of Maya in return, and seeing the place where the soma was, the snakes then began to lick the kusha grass. From such an action, the tongues of the snakes forked, and those kusha grasses from contact with amrita became sacred.

In Buddhist mythology, nagas are divided into two groups - earthly and watery. The breath of the Nagas is poisonous, and the look kills on the spot. They often converge with people; offspring from such unions are distinguished by grace and physical weakness due to the "watery nature" inherited from the nagas.

Naga couple Gondwana Indian Museum, Kolkata

The king of birds, Garuda, constantly fights with the nagas. The Mahabharata, in particular, tells how he stole the amrita: “And that bird, taking on a golden appearance, shining like a sheaf of sunlight, swiftly entered where the amrita was stored, just like a stream of water flows into the ocean. And she saw near the amrita a wheel with sharp edges. sharpened like a razor, which revolved incessantly. That mighty building, formidable and terrible in appearance, shining with fiery rays, was skillfully built by the gods to destroy the thieves of soma. Seeing in

The descent of the Ganges from heaven to earth; the goddesses of the waters Nagini descend in the stream of the Ganges. Relief detail. India

In the space between the spokes, the bird circled for a minute. I. reducing her body, she instantly swept through that space between the spokes. And there, under the wheel, she saw two most excellent snakes assigned to guard the amrita. equal in brilliance to the nourishing fire, terrible in appearance, with tongues like lightning, with a mouth blazing with flame, endowed with great power, constantly angry and impetuous. Their burning eyes contained poison. They constantly burned with anger and never blinked. And it was enough for one of those snakes to just look at someone, and he immediately turned into ashes. Suparna (Garuda - K.K.)quickly covered their eyes with dust, and invisible to them, he rushed at them from all sides. By attacking them. the bird cut through their bodies and then quickly rushed into the middle of the store to the catfish. And the mighty son of Vinata. full of courage, then seized the amrita and quickly rose into the air, destroying that structure. Taking amrita quickly and not tasting it. the mighty bird flew tirelessly, eclipsing the brilliance of the sun.

NAGUAL

In the mythology of the Aztecs , the twin spirit, the patron of the newborn, was usually represented in animal form. To establish the exact appearance of the nagual, sand was scattered near the hut in which the baby appeared: in the morning they studied the tracks and determined which animal the double was embodied in. In addition to newborns, the gods had naguals.

NAIRRITS

In ancient Indian mythology, a kind of Rakshasas. ferocious demons. The nickname of the Nairrits means “descended from Narriti” (the deity of disaster - K.K.). According to the Mahabharata, the brahmin warrior Ashvatthaman burned the hordes of nairrits with his arrows: “Just as a dazzling fire sparkles, burning all creatures at the end of the yuga, the son of Drona shone brilliantly ... when he incinerated your enemies.”

NAKILEVI

In the folklore of the inhabitants of the Orkney Islands, an evil sea monster, similar to the Greek

NAKKI

Greek centaur: he has a human torso and fins instead of legs. The jaws of the nakilev are as large as those of a whale, and their breath is poisonous. His piaz is the only one and bursts with flame, His head leans first on one shoulder, then on the other, as if about to fall off. The nakilev has no skin, and the insides are clearly visible. When the nakilevi comes out on land, it is better not to meet him; he kills everyone he meets, devours livestock and destroys crops with his poisonous breath. There is only one way to escape from it - to run across to the other side of the river: the nakilev cannot stand fresh, especially running water

The tale says that one old man walked late at night along a sandy spit between the sea and a lake with fresh water and suddenly saw a nakilevi appear from the sea. The old man was numb with horror, but then he remembered that the nakilevi does not tolerate fresh water, and took a step to the edge of the lake. In the meantime, the monster crept up close and stretched out its arms to seize the man. The old man staggered back and landed one foot in the lake. Fresh water splashed on the keel. he whinnied and jumped aside. Then the old man started to run, and the Nakilevi rushed after him. On the way there was a stream, through which water from the lake flowed into the sea. Here the nakilevi almost grabbed the man again. Gathering the last of his strength, the old man jumped over the stream. Nakilevi let out a terrible scream, chewed the hat torn from the old man's head, and galloped away, and the old man collapsed unconscious to the ground.

NAKKI

In Finnish mythology, water creatures, people who have horse hooves instead of legs Nakki women are beautiful, they have long hair and one single defect - huge pendulous breasts that they throw over their shoulders It is believed that sometimes Nakki can turn into huge black ravens who, with loud plaintive cries, ask to be christened (according to some legends, nakki are the spirits of babies who died unbaptized or were killed by their parents; cf. MAVKI).

Narasinga from Culdia. Calcutta Museum

NALETIIK

See FIRE serpent.

NARAYANA

CUFFS

See ORISNITSY.

NAHUAL

See NAGUAL.

A winged man with two heads. Miniature from Augsburg. From the Sunshine Manuscript. OK. 1600. German National Museum, Nuremberg.

NARAYANA

In European folklore and theosophical tradition, a giant seven-headed serpent that lived on the legendary continent of Mu (there are also points of view according to which Mu was called the capital of Atlantis - or the Garden of Eden) Narayana treated people favorably. endowed mankind with reason and memory. It was believed that he created gems.

BEGINNINGS

In Christian mythology, one of the nine angelic ranks. The Bible says: “For I am sure that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, neither the present nor the future ... can separate us from the love of God in Jesus Christ our Lord * (Rom. 8.38 ) According to the classification of Pseudo-Dionysius, the beginnings are part of the third triad along with the archangels and the angels themselves Pseudo -Dionysius says:

ku. befitting the commanding Forces, both themselves to turn entirely to the Beginning without Beginning, and others, as it is characteristic of the Leadership, to guide Him, imprint in oneself, as far as possible, the image of the inaccurate Beginning, etc. finally, the ability to express His premier leadership in the well-being of the ruling Forces... The prophetic rank of the Principalities, Archangels and

NAIADES

*(Translated by Veresaev)

lives near.*

G. Kolbe. Naiad

Angelov alternately rules over the human Hierarchies, so that the ascent and conversion to God, communion and unity with Him are in order. which even from God beneficently spreads to all Hierarchies, is planted through communication and pours out in the most sacred orderly order.

NAIADES

In Greek mythology , the nymphs of springs, streams and springs. In total there are up to three thousand; as Hesiod says,

“None of the people can name all their names.

Only the one who knows the name of the stream

Naiads protect the waters of their dwellings, these waters have a healing effect, and bathing in them can cure ailments. Pausanias reports: “Fifty stadia from Olympia is the settlement of the Eleans, Heraclea: the river Cythera flows near it. A spring flows into the river here, and at the source there is a sanctuary of nymphs ... Those who bathe in this source receive healing from all kinds of diseases and ailments. Strabo mentions naiads along with Corybantes, Telchines and Kuretes, which suggests the ancient nature of these nymphs.

UNSEENY YARD

In Scottish folklore , fairies are divided into the Seelie and Unseelie Courts. With fairies. who belong to the Unseelie Court, it is impossible to agree, it is not worth even trying. The most cruel among them are the sluagh. the dead who roam the earth, kidnapping mortals. And they force the abducted to spoil cattle and mark people with elven marks. An encounter with a faerie from the Unseelie Court always portends death.

Sluagh kidnap people

UNDEAD

In Slavic mythology and folklore, the collective name for supernatural beings. As stated in the "Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by I. Dahl, this is "a special category of spirits, not aliens from that world, not the dead, not ghosts: not mara or trouble and not devilry, not the devil ..." In other words, to the undead include brownies and goblin, water , etc. - that is, creatures that are not directly related to the human race (unlike the Mavok mermaids and the mortgaged dead). Dahl adds: “According to the expression of the peasants, the undead do not live and do not die ... There is a belief that the undead are the army of Satan overthrown by the archangel Michael. The undead do not have their own appearance, they walk in disguises. Any undead is dumb"Two conclusions can be drawn from Dahl's commentary: firstly, any representative of the undead is a werewolf (and this is confirmed by folklore texts); secondly, the conversations of the undead, transmitted in many fairy tales, violate the "purity of tradition" - after all, the undead cannot speak.

In addition, the disease was called undead in ancient Russian conspiracies. Wed at I. P. Sakharov: “The undead are coming from the dry sea. Where are you going, undead? The undead answer: I go to the human head, eat the brain, break jaws, drop teeth, bend the neck, silence the ears, blind the eyes, clog the nose, shed blood, dry the eyelids, twist the mouth, relax the udder, deaden the veins, exhaust the body, dazzle change, torment with a demon.

V I Narbut wrote:

“Swallowing the soot of the chimney standing naked or in peels. on pimpled bricks, smoke is smoking in balls , shaking with bees, with which the frying pan bit the stove in the lowlands.

But shaggy trash fades tension.

Well, the sky took gratitude in vain:

the fields are covered with a thorn saturated with laziness,

and the clouds under it will hang like drool.

Shark - located in the corners: just about in the apiary

the decks are sharpened with a shashel, they get cold.

Rudaya housewife rummages in her bosom.

NEREIDS

Nereid

scratching his hard hair with a scratch, the louse would be taken out.

And in the last hut in a bowl - a skull on the stove

ear twitching mother of pearl film

and in a sarafan grimy on tiptoe, a child with ch'yanokudrya rose above her.

NEREIDS

In Greek mythology, sea deities, daughters of the sea god Nereus. Apollodorus reports * From Nereus and Dorida, the daughter of the Ocean, non-Reenees were born-

Nereids and tritons from A. Becklin's painting.

1883 New Pinakothek, Munich

two ..” According to Apollodorus, forty-five Nereids They are supportive of people and help them. In particular, Thetis, the mother of the hero Achilles, belonged to the Nereids. She is. in particular, she led the ship of the Argonauts past Skilla and Charybdis and past the rocks of the Plankts. “above which one could see a huge flame and clouds of smoke rising upwards” (iYd).

NESSIE

In Scottish folklore , a monster that lives in Loch Ness has a long body with an equally long neck, three humps on its back and a rough skin. Nessie is quite friendly, eating mostly livestock. This creature is timid; in addition, she was pretty confused by lovers of sensations, which are literally teeming with the surroundings of the lake. Therefore, she prefers not to appear on the surface. All searches for Nessie, continuing to this day, have not yielded results - as in the case of the Yeti.

Loch Ness itself is notorious. It is said that once every twenty years a ghost ship appears on it: it glides through the water at night with raised sails on the mast. In addition, the famous sorcerer Aleister Crowley once lived in a house by the lake. They say that demons settled in his house, which drove the housekeeper Crowley crazy, who tried to kill his wife and children.

Nessie

DEVILRY

See EVIL.

EVIL SPIRITS

In the mythology and folklore of various peoples, the common name for harmful (as a rule) spirits, demonic creatures, insidious demons According to A.N. - unclean, evil and destructive. Evil spirits, according to legend, were created by God - from apostate angels - or by Satan, who began to gather his army to fight with the Lord. According to D.K. Zelenin. evil spirits are partly made up of mortgaged dead (see DOMOVIK). An unclean force lives in "unclean places" - that is, in the wastelands, in the wilds and thickets, in the whirlpools.

As SV Maksimov notes, “The belief that the hosts of evil spirits are innumerable is deeply rooted in the people's minds. There are very few in God's world such reserved holy places that they would not dare to penetrate: even Orthodox churches are not freed from their daring invasions. the space surrounding the universe not only penetrate into dwellings, making many of them uninhabited, but even move into people, pursuing them with incessant temptations.

For people, evil spirits are most dangerous at night and on "filthy days" - on Ivan Kvalu at Christmas time for the Russian week True, some representatives of evil spirits (for example, brownies) are capable of good deeds, but in general, people treat evil spirits, if not with fear, then with caution Often, all evil spirits - especially in Russian folklore - are called devils, which once again emphasizes its insidiousness.

Prayers, signs of the cross, amulets and amulets helped against evil spirits.

Devilry

In addition, there are other means of protection from evil spirits, namely

- clothes turned inside out (it is enough to turn one glove inside out):

iron (“cold iron”, as Rudyard Kipling once put it) - a knife in the door jamb, a nail in the pocket of scissors over cats;
Bible. which should be revealed at the right time

running water , that is, a stream or river (many representatives of evil spirits cannot cross it; it is best if the river flows south);
crucifix or pectoral cross:

- prayer (it is better to pray out loud, for evil

demons who are driven away by the words of a prayer do not

- sol: hear human thoughts);

branches and berries of mountain ash (in Scotland, mountain ash is specially planted in front of the house to protect it from fairies; in general, trees and shrubs that give red fruits have protective properties);
a red thread (tied over the door of a house or to the neck of an animal, it drives away demons and witches, and being tied around a child’s chest, it protects him from the machinations of evil spirits);
land from the old cemetery:
a wreath of daisies (a child in this wreath will never be kidnapped by fairies);
stones with holes (such stones are called "chicken gods");
horse shoes:
linen spread on the floor;
The devil holding the human soul. Drawing on the last sheets of a 16th-century manuscript.
shoes, set

nye under the bed with toes to the door:

sock under bed:
pillow knife:
broom twig
pig's head above the door:
pentagram on the door
St. John's wort (breaks the spell);
four-leaf clover (drives away obsession);
bread.

NIBELUNGIANS

When the bells begin to ring, the demons become frightened and flee. Moreover, these do not have to be church bells: small bells like those that are hung around the necks of sheep and cows will suffice. A newborn should be baptized as soon as possible, because the longer the interval between birth and baptism, the more opportunities for evil spirits to kidnap the baby. To reduce the danger, one should either hang scissors over the cradle, or throw father's trousers over it.

There is an old recipe for an "antidote" from the elves: add a bit of myrrh and the same amount of incense to a glass of wine. Then pour into a mixture of agate chips. Drink in the morning on an empty stomach (you should drink three, nine or twelve days in a row).

NIBELUNGIANS

giants first.

In German-Scandinavian mythology, the descendants of the zwerg Nibelung, glorious in that he slew a dozen giants with his own hand. Their nickname means "children of mist and darkness". The Nibelungs guard innumerable treasures underground. As the Nibelungenlied says:

“There was such a pile of precious stones.

That they would not have been taken away on a hundred carts from there,

And gold, perhaps, and more than that ... "*

*(Translated by Yu. Korneev)

In the Nibelungenlied, the Nibelungs are called those endowed with extraordinary power, then the Burgundian kings, in whose hands the treasure falls, which was previously in the possession of the giants. For the kings, the hero Sigurd (Siegfried) obtains the treasure, who also obtained a golden ring, cursed by the former owner, the Zwerg.

NIWATAKAWACHI

In ancient Indian mythology , demons that lived in the depths of the ocean. They were destroyed by the hero Arjuna.

NEVER

In Jain mythology jiva. the inhabitants of the lowest level of Samsara (worldly being - K. K) They are so small that they cannot be perceived by the senses. However, there are so many nowhere in the world that they fill the whole world. Unlike other jivas. Nigodas are not capable of development, and therefore are doomed to eternal stay at their stage of Samsara; however, if there is a certain impulse, they can still go to the next step. There is also an idea of nigodas as cursed souls condemned to eternal torment.

nigoya

See NEVER.

NIKS

Fairies in the folklore of the Germanic peoples . who guard the waterways (rivers and streams) to the Magic Land, let those. who follows, and who does not follow - are driven away. They also seduce young girls, who are lured by stories of countless treasures in their underwater dwellings. They often play on their golden violins and lutes the melody of the elven king, which enchants mortals. In some tales, it is said that the nyxes suck the soul out of people. like merrow. put them in cages

The character of the nyxes is changeable: either they swim to the surface and sing, or raise storms and demand revenge on those who offended them. They help people - in particular, they buy grain at fairs and thereby raise the price of it. If they are given a black or white goat or a chicken, they can teach a person to play the violin.

NIWATAKAWACHI

To protect against nixes. you should always carry something iron with you - for example, a knife. And so that they are not taken by surprise in the water, it is necessary to repeat, before climbing into the water, such a saying: “Nixes, thieves, you are in

water, and I'm on land. Nixes, thieves, you are on land, and I am in the water.

They appear to people as handsome young men with curly golden hair, dressed in green shirts with aprons, red stockings and blue trousers. On their heads, the red Nix caps can be recognized by wet stains on aprons and shirts and by green teeth. They have the ability to be werewolves. can turn into horses and bulls Manx nixes come out of the water in sweaty tunics, drowned people trail behind them

The tale says that several guys were going to dance in a neighboring village, but the river that overflowed from the rains blocked their way. Suddenly, out of nowhere appeared

Claude M Clodion. river nymph

The boys all climbed on it together, and just as they were about to enter the water, an old man standing on the opposite bank of the river said:

- Lord God 1 Well, this horse has a valley back'

There was a buzz (k and the guys fell to the ground and the nike, who turned into a horse, disappeared into the river.

There is a legend that one day a farmer lost his daughter.

Not far from the farm there was a pool in which the nyxes were found, and soon everyone decided that it was they who had dragged the girl away. Father and mother, on the advice of a wise old man, went to the pool at night on a full moon and waited until the nyxes came out of the water. and then they cast a spell in which the name of Christ was mentioned. In the same second, the nixes disappeared, and their daughter remained standing on the shore. As she said, she was persistently treated, but she did not eat anything. And this saved her, because if the girl had tried the food of the fairies, Christ would not have saved her either.

Nymphs

In Greek mythology , the deities of nature. Nymphs are divided into aquatic (naiads, nereids, oceanids, limnades). mountain (agrostines.

NINKINANKA

orestiads), arboreal (dryads, hamadryads, alseids, meliades) , etc. The main among the nymphs are considered water. Heroes are born from the marriages of nymphs with gods (for example, the hero Aeacus was born from the marriage of Zeus and Aegina). Usually. nymphs were portrayed as beautiful half-naked girls.

Homer in the Odyssey describes the grotto of the nymphs on the island of Ithaca as follows:

“At the very top of the bay, a wide hay is seen

Olive: close to her semi-dark with a sublime vault

A grotto dedicated to the beautiful nymphs known as naiads.

There are many crater and large two-handled jugs in that grotto

Stone: bees.

nestling in their depths. their honey is:

There are also many stone long mills: behind the mills

Satyr and nymph. Ancient Greek vase, circa 440 BC State. museum, Berlin

Sitting, miraculously purple clothes are woven there by naiads:

The spring water is always making noise there: and there are two entrances in the grotto:

People are just one of them. facing Boreas, available;

Consecrated to Notu to the south, turned to the gods - does not dare

A mortal approaches him, only immortals open him.*

★ (Translated by V. Zhukovsky)

NINKINANKA

In the myths of the peoples of Africa (Fulakunda), there are huge snakes whose bodies sparkle with gold. They live in a forest thicket, near water bodies. The breath of a ninkinanka kills plants and scorches tree trunks. The first ninkinanka was born from a python egg. These snakes are werewolves and sometimes appear to people in the form of a ram or a beautiful girl.

NISSE

In the folklore of the Germanic peoples, house spirits. Like brownies, they do housework, requiring the inhabitants of the house to observe

some rules. Firstly, cleanliness should be maintained in the house, secondly, one should not make noise, thirdly, rest on weekends At Christmas, nissa should be given sniffs of tobacco; a piece of gray matter and a handful of pina

On full moon nights, nisse go to dance, in winter they ride on the ice of frozen rivers and lakes. They are not averse to fooling around, both people and pets get away from them. They pull out chairs from under people, shout loudly in their ears. pinched and tickled, and let the animals out of their pens

Nisse are distinguished by remarkable physical strength They are as tall as a child, they have senile faces, bright, shining eyes and arms long to the knees Nisse laugh resembles a horse neighing They wear shoes or slippers red chuiki knee-length pants and gray or green jackets In summer, nisse walk around naked or light linen shirts

The tale says that Nisse somehow quarreled with the boy who hid oil from him. Nisse swore to take revenge. At night, he made his way into the boy's room. The owner of the house also slept there. Nisse looked at them for a long time, then began to drag the boy back and forth: either the boy’s head turned out to be flush with the owner’s head, then his legs were flush with his legs. Naturally, the boy did not sleep at all and also decided to take revenge on Nisse. Going into the hayloft during the day, he saw that the nisse was sitting: weighing his legs from the beam, and teasing the dogs. The boy crept behind him and pushed the nisse right into the gaping dog's mouth.

NOGGL

In the folklore of the inhabitants of the Shetland Islands , the water horse As a rule, the noggl appears on land under the guise of a wonderful bay horse, saddled and bridled. Noggle is not as dangerous as a kelpie , but he never refuses: he throws out one or the other of his two favorite tricks. If at night he sees that work is in full swing at the water mill, he grabs the wheel and stops it. You can drive it away by showing a knife or sticking a burning branch out the window. He also likes to pester travelers. As soon as someone sits on him, the Noggle rushes into the water. However, apart from the bath

nothing threatens the rider: once in the water, the noggle disappears with a flash of blue flame. In order not to confuse the Noggle with a horse, you should look at the tail: the Noggle has a tail that curls over its back.

FOOT-BIRD

In Slavic folklore, a wonderful bird. Lives on an oak that stands on the seashore. Russian fairy tales know the story of the hero saving Nog's chicks. As a reward, the bird offers the hero "gold, silver, semi-precious stones." The hero refuses the jewels and asks to be taken home. As a rule, on the way, there are not enough supplies of meat that the bird feeds on (“two vats, twelve pounds each”), and the hero has to cut off the meat from himself. Then the bird regurgitates this meat and it miraculously adheres to the hero's body.

A. N. Afanasiev noted that the foot-bird "will be the size of a mountain, but it flies faster than a bullet from a gun." In his opinion, folk fantasy reproduced an ostrich in the image of a leg-bird: “This name passed from the translated manuscripts into the mouths of the Russian people, and in our fairy tales the bird Nogoy appeared with which Stratim or Strafil the bird is completely identical” (Greek “ostrich” - K.K.).

In the text of the Pigeon Book, which was published by Kirsha Danilov, the bird-foot turns out to be the mother of all birds-

“And the naked bird - to all the birds of mania.

And she lives on the ocean-sea.

And builds a nest on a white stone;

Shipbuilders came running

And on that nest of a naked bird

And on his kids on the little ones.

Nagai-bird will tremble.

The ocean-sea will rise up.

If fast rivers overflowed,

Many fast ships sink.

Drown a lot of scarlet ships "

NORGGENS

In Italian and German folklore , spirit helpers, however, in a bad mood, they become quick-tempered and capricious. When pa norggens find the mood to play pranks with them, there is no sweetness: they always invent new pranks. Rostom

they are two to three feet tall, have bloodshot eyes, long beards, and strong muscles. They dress like peasants, steal clothes with strings of moss, and put cocked hats on their heads. Most often, Norggens

appear at night between the first quarter of the moon and the full moon. They usually settle in forest and mountain caves.

sometimes they climb into people's houses.

The tale says that once in the winter, a Norgen asked a poor woman for shelter. She let him into the house and he stayed with her until January. For her kindness, the woman was rewarded in full: the child never fell out of the cradle, the cow stopped, and the potatoes did not rot with their hooves, and the hens began to lay long before the first thaw.

Tradition gіsk it. that the rich kupgu had lost his way in the forest. In addition, a norggen appeared and announced that he had climbed into foreign territory without asking.

The merchant began to make excuses: they say. I didn't know, but the norggen didn't want to hear anything. In the end, the merchant had to promise. that he would give him his wife. In parting, Norggen said:

- You have three months. If your wife guesses my name three times in three months, she is yours. If you don't guess - mine.

The merchant returned home and told his wife about everything. Three months flew by unnoticed. When the time came, the merchant and his wife went to the same forest. Norggen was already waiting for them.

Well, what's my name?
Pine? Christmas tree? Fir?

Norgen just chuckled.

norggens

Us. Next morning the merchant and his wife came to the forest again -Maybe Rhys? - asked the woman - Or

Oats? Or millet?

Norggen laughed ominously.

The next morning they arrived so early that the norggen had not yet appeared. The merchant's wife noticed a path in the snow and followed it. The path led her to a tiny house. The woman crept closer, peered through the window and saw a norggen who was humming under his breath:

- Never, she will not guess that my name is Purzinigele!

The woman hurried to her husband, and they waited for the Norggen. He appeared, put his hands on his hips and asked:

- Well, dear, what is my name?

- Pur? Zige? Or Purzinigele?

Norggen turned green with rage, cursed and disappeared. He was never seen again in those parts.

NORN

In Scandinavian mythology, the goddess of fate. When a baby is born, they appear at his cradle and throw bones, determining. who he is destined to become In the "Elder Edda" it is said about them:

Norns spin the threads of fate

“... three maidens-seers appeared there, they settled under a tree: the first Urd, Verdandi also (they cut lots), and the third - Skuld: fates were judged, life was lined up, everyone who was born was given a destiny ... " *

7 Transfer to Tikhomirov)

The Norns appeared under the ash tree Yggdrasil (see WONDERFUL TREES AND PLANTS), near this ash tree is the source of Urd. from whose name the first of the norns got its name. Their names are translated as follows: Urd - Past Verdandi - Present. Skuld - Future

According to the Elder Edda, when the glorious knight Helgi was born, the Norns came to his father's house;

“At night ѳ good max

the Norns have arrived.

young in padik

lots were judged:

to him. they promised to be a glorious prince, the best leader, they say he will be called.

And so hard

the fate was hidden and that the walls trembled in Bralund: they spun a golden thread up to the sky to the lunar chambers and fixed it there.

To sunrise to sunset

yarn was pulled by all the princely limits; they tied it *

7 Transfer to Tikhomirov)

nightlights

In Slavic mythology, night demons As a rule, they attack children who are not allowed to sleep, they also poison them with their milk ( crixes, weeping, women behave in a similar way). in black robes, after the death of a witch who did not have children, they become night-timers

In order to protect children from bats, you should not leave diapers in the yard after sunset, rock an empty cradle, bathe children in water that has stood all night, etc. You can save a child from bats by bathing him in an infusion of night herbs

NUBERO

In Spanish folklore, malevolent spirits are ugly old men in clothes made of skins They fly astride the clouds and destroy crops in the bud. Some claim that the Nuberos live in Egypt, on a high mountain shrouded in clouds.

OBEAH

In the Haitian voodoo cult, this term refers to supernatural power, especially black magic, which is possessed by obiam witches and spirits (see LOA).

OBERON AND TITANIA

In English folklore, the king and queen of the fairies.In the chivalric novel "Von of Bordeaux" Oberon's genealogy is given - it must be admitted that the impressive queen of the Secret Island of Kefalonia once fell in love with Neptanebo, the ruler of Egypt, and married him. They had a son. who later became Alexander the Great Seven hundred years later, Julius Caesar fell in love with the same lady. She bore him a son - this was Oberon. The maids of honor of Kefalonia endowed him with wonderful gifts - the ability to read people's thoughts, move anywhere in the blink of an eye ... And one evil lady cursed Oberon , because of this, he is only as tall as a three-year-old baby. A great lover of female beauty, Oberon does not miss an opportunity to court mortals. As for Titania. she is much more majestic than her husband or Queen Mab When spouses quarrel,

John Simmons Dream of Titania

• Since the middle of summer we can't

Converge in the meadows, in the forest by the noisy river.

At the stone-enclosed key.

On golden sand washed by the sea

Drive circles to the whistle and songs of the wind.

So that you do not interfere with our games with a cry

And the winds sang songs to us in vain.

In revenge they raised from the sea

Those by the rain

The rivers fell to the ground

Evil fogs.

Oberon and Titania accompanied by a page

A dream in a summer night

Since then, the ox has been pulling the yoke in vain

Scorpio Man II millennium BC. e.

And he went out 1. proud. from the shores.

In vain the plowman is pouring. own, sweat; of bread

Rotting without growing antennae

Empty paddocks in flooded fields. Crows got fat from falling...

The mud has covered the traces of the merry

games:

There are no paths in the green labyrinths.

Overgrown their trail, and not to find it!

Already mortal winters rather ask;

Can't hear songs

their nights

And here is the moon, the power of the vest of the waters.

Pale with anger washed the whole air

And rheumatism everywhere

divorced

They interfere all the time, I'm confused

And the gray-headed frost falls

To a crimson rose in a fresh embrace: But to the crown of a single winter A fragrant wreath of summer buds Is fastened in mockery. Spring and summer. The birthing autumn and winter Change attire, and the astonished world can not distinguish between times! All because of our quarrels and disagreements. We are their cause, we create them ." *

*("A Midsummer Night's Dream" Translation by T Shchepkina-Kupernik)

WEREWOLF

In the myths and folklore of various peoples, living beings have the ability to change their appearance at will. Sometimes werewolves are also called creatures that can only change their growth, or those. which only two forms are available - horse and human

In English folklore, real werewolves are bogeys and hobgoblins But they use their abilities not so much to harm people as to play pranks And werewolves and sorcerers use werewolves for evil

they themselves are thrown into other creatures, and turn their enemies into them. As for the Slavic werewolves. S.V. Maksimov says: “Werewolves ... are temporary creatures, not permanent ones, being such only for the time when various circumstances require (for example, the desire to take revenge and even play a joke, and the like). In such cases, the sorcerers themselves “throw off” as werewolves for a while ... "

Hans Grundig. Drum. "Animals and people", 1938-1939

quite simply. You need to come to the forest, find a smoothly felled stump, stick it in

According to legends, which are known to all European peoples, to become a knife. cast a spell and somersault over this stump. And in order to regain your human form, you need to go on the other side of the stump and roll back. V.I.Dal notes that “if someone steals a knife, then the shifter will have to remain a wolf for a century.” (See also WEREWOLF. VILKTAKI, VOLKODLAK).

Leo pard woman

The legend says that one man was returning home late at night and suddenly heard footsteps behind him. He looked around all the way, but he didn't see anyone. And when I got to the house, I saw that on the porch there was some kind of creature that looked like a sheep from afar. The man grabbed a stick to drive the creature away, and then it raised its head: its eyes turned out to be huge like bowls and consisted, as it were, of three rings - red, blue and white. But at that moment the door swung open, the creature turned into an ordinary dog and ran away.

The story goes that a woman had three daughters. First, the eldest left the house.

pig man

then the middle one, and in the end the youngest one got ready to go . Mother baked cakes for her, and the girl went wherever her eyes looked. Her feet led her to the witch's house. She invited the girl to stay with her. On the third day a big black bull appeared on the road.

- Go to him, beautiful woman - said the sorceress. - It's your fiancé.

^reinforme

| and $ gl6pd Eosypv YAatpI

Lucas Cranach 'The Monk'*

The girl began to cry, but she couldn’t disobey. She sat on her back and he took her to no one knows where. On the way they passed two castles - the girl’s older sister lived in the first, the middle one. Each of the sisters gave her a parting gift, one pink apple, the other - a pear And in the third castle, which was owned by a bull, the girl got a plum. She kept the fruits because she was told that they would help her out in difficult times

How long. in short - they found themselves in a dark valley

- A fight with an evil giant awaits me. Stay here, sit on this stone and do not move. iis, until I return, otherwise we will never see each other again. If everything turns blue, then I won, and if it turns red, then the giant won.

And the bull hid in the valley, and the girl let her down on the stone. Soon everything around turned blue and she jumped up for joy, forgetting about the order of the bull. That's why the bull did not return to her.

Realizing what she had done, the girl waited, waited, and then set off in search of the road led her to a huge glass mountain, which was impossible to cross. There was a forge near the mountain.

shoes. That. agreed, but made a condition - for this she will live with him for seven years.

There was nowhere to go. For seven years, the girl lived with a blacksmith, cooked, cleaned the house, and then put on iron shoes, climbed a glass mountain - and saw someone's house. In this house lived the same sorceress who once brought her to the bull. The girl asked to spend the night, and the sorceress told her to wash her bloody shirt. It was the shirt of a prince who promised to marry the one who washes these. blood stains. As soon as the girl took the shirt in her hands, the stains disappeared by themselves.

Bull man. Andre Masson

Xia and ordered to prepare the wedding. And the girl is

The sorceress took the shirt from her and told the prince that her daughter had washed the stains. The prince was pleased with the time she found out that the prince was that same bull. who once took her away from her native land. She broke open the apple and saw that inside it was full of pure gold. The girl offered gold to the sorceress's daughter: they say, I give you wealth, and you let me spend the night with your fiancé. She agreed, but the sorceress drugged the prince with sleeping pills, and he slept soundly all night.

The next day, the girl broke the pear, which turned out to be pearls. She again begged the witch's daughter, and the witch again mixed sleeping pills with the knight. True, the next morning the servant told him that in his room at night someone was crying. The knight decided that he would not sleep the next night.

The girl, meanwhile, broke the plum. That one contained many gems, for which she had exchanged the third night in the prince's bedroom. The sorceress brought the knight a jug of sleeping pills. He pretended to drink, and seizing the moment, poured sleeping pills out the window. The witch suspected nothing.

SKG T&ARYSYI 5P Kosh

"Daddy donkey", Lucas Cranach, Nuremberg, 1496

At night, the girl came into the bedroom, and the prince recognized her. He ordered to drive away with

daughter of an old sorceress, who turned him into a bull, and he married a girl

OVINNIK

In Russian folklore, a kind of brownie. Lives in a barn, protects bread from various misfortunes and intrigues of evil spirits. You can rarely see a barn. S.V. Maksimov reports that “his eyes are burning with red-hot coals, like those of a cat, and he himself looks like a huge cat, the size of a yard dog - all black and shaggy Ovinnik can bark like a dog and, when he succeeds in becoming a peasant , claps his hands and laughs, no worse than a goblin. As a rule, he sits in the lower part of the barn (father's) he is also called the "barn"), from where he watches over that. do you stack sheaves correctly and make sure that people do not violate customs (for example, they do not drown barns on sacred days). that will burn all the bread

To appease the barn, you need to bring a pie and a rooster to the barn on his birthday (that is, on the Exaltation and on the Intercession). However, if the barn becomes angry, it will be extremely difficult to calm him down. According to SV Maksimov, here “neither crosses in all corners, nor prayers, nor the icon of Our Lady of the Burning Bush will help, and at least turn your fur coat inside out ... "

And Smirnov cites such a legend about the barn. Somehow the girls were sitting in the house and sent one of their friends - an orphan - at midnight to the barn. There she was met by a barnkeeper, who began to ask how the flax was processed. When the girl told him everything in detail, he offered her to marry him. She demanded good clothes 7 and shoes, and then earrings while the barnkeeper was looking for earrings, a rooster crowed, and the barn disappeared. The girls were jealous of their friend and the next night, another, the daughter of a rich woman, Ovinnik went to the barn and began to ask her about how flax was processed. She told him in a nutshell, and then demanded elegant dresses. Then the barn man grabbed her and put her head down in the hole

OVINNUSHKO

See barn

ovo

In the myths of the peoples of Africa (ijo) , the spirits of water, the first creatures created by the creator, are werewolves whose true appearance is quite ugly: white skin, two heads, instead of palms and feet, membranes like those of geese. Ovo are friendly to people, but punish those who violate the customs of Viava ovo - the python to Adum, therefore it was forbidden to kill pythons, and if a python crawled into the house it was considered a good omen. Man. who has tasted ovo food will never be hungry again

Ovo opposed to oro spirits of the earth

OGDOADA

In Egyptian mythology, the eight gods of the city of Hermopolis Ogdoadu made up four pairs of deities from which the world arose. These gods were depicted with the heads of frogs and goddesses with snake heads. The Ogdoadu included Nun and Naunet (water) Hu and Howhet (space), Amon and Amaunet (hidden) Cook and Kauket (darkness). Subsequently, when Amon became the main god of the Egyptian pantheon, a myth arose about the appearance of the Ogdoad in Thebes.

FIRE SNAKE

In Slavic mythology , a monster in the form of a winged snake with some anthropomorphic features. As a rule, the fiery serpent seduces a woman, often appearing to her in the guise of a husband; from such unions, creatures of a snake breed are born that either do not heal in the world or are already born dead - black, light with a short tail and small horns” (N. Kharuzin).

amon

With V Maksimov wrote - Many women, especially in places living in latrines, convey to priests in confession that their absent and often dead husbands come to them awake and sleep with them ... it is possible to receive instructions even to those huts where fiery snakes fly and to those

FIRE SNAKE

Artemis of Ephesus Antique copy of an original from the 4th c. BC e. Pio Clementine Museums, Rome

women with whom they are in carnal life. With its habits, the fire serpent resembles Western European fights and krats . The same SV Maksimov described the appearance of the fire serpent as follows: “A fire serpent has a head with a ball, a back with a trough and a long long tail - sometimes up to five fathoms. Arriving at its place, it crumbles into sparks that fly out as if from a sieve, and it flies so low that it can be seen from the ground no more than a sazhen. He visits, especially, only such women who long and strongly yearn for the absence of chic or dead husbands .The situation is as follows: My old man died, let's not find a place to yearn for myself. So, I walk around like a frantic bark. At night, I sit at the window and longing. in front of me: a black high hat that he always wore, in truth, new boots, a long coat and girded with a sash. From that time on, I started walking.”

Usually the kite is only visible to the woman to whom it comes. The rest do not notice him. although they hear someone's voice The woman, to whom the snake has become accustomed, begins to get rich quickly; on the other hand, she gradually withers and can even commit suicide. bend down on the floor and see what kind of legs the guest has - human or hooves? If it was the snake who looked into the house, you should sit on the threshold, draw a circle, comb your hair - and at the same time chew hemp at the same time. The snake will ask the woman “What do you eat ?” The squeamish serpent will not stand this and will fly away forever

Since the fiery serpent brings wealth to the house, many tried to get it. There is, for example, such a way to get a snake. You need to take an egg in which there is no protein - one yolk, and wear it for six weeks under your left arm: when the snake hatches, you need to go to bed in a non-residential building. In a dream, Satan will give the snake to the assistants of a person - for a specified period and for certain

lights

conditions (cf. similar ideas about basilisks).

A.I. Smirnov cites the following legend about a fiery serpent: “A young woman became a widow and began to yearn. Wherever she goes, especially in the evening ... and her husband is already waiting for her and teaches her everything:

- Don't tell ours, be quiet.

Baba began to whisper with someone at night. The father-in-law hears and asks who she is talking to. and she is silent. A woman will go into the yard and stay there for a long time. Once the mother-in-law comes out with fire and sees that she is embracing the post (and it seems to the woman that she is embracing her husband). He asks her what she is doing, the young woman is cunning. says that his head was spinning and leaned on a pillar. One night... he climbs down from the stove and starts putting a samovar by the stove. The old woman does not give it to her, she goes to the bridge (a large porch with a passage - K.K.) and wants to put a samovar there.

“What are you, mother, don’t you see, Vanya has come,” (this is her deceased husband) she says to her mother-in-law.

They stopped putting the woman to sleep alone, they put a child on her. She throws the child away, does not accept. They fumigated with incense, but nothing helps: the woman keeps getting thinner and weaker. Once I went into the yard to pick eggs, but something didn’t come for a long time. They look, she is crouched under the bridge all over, turned blue and does not breathe. So the jester strangled her (damn, that is, the fiery serpent - K.K.). It's her own fault for grafting."

FIRES

See MARINES.

OGRES

See GIANTS.

Nika. National Museum. Rome

OCEAN IDA

In Greek mythology , the nymphs of the ocean.

OLYMPIC GODS

In Greek mythology , the deities who defeated the titans Together with the giants and monsters , by the will of the supreme god Zeus, the titans ended up in tartar - the underworld. The nickname of the gods is associated with their habitat - Mount Olympus: on this mountain are the halls of the gods, built by the divine blacksmith Hephaestus. In addition to Zeus and Hephaestus, to the Olympic

Zeus - ruler of the Olympians

Olympians

Aphrodite and Pan. National Archaeological Museum, Athens

the gods include Hera, Demeter, Pallas Athena, Artemis, Hestia, Aphrodite. Apollo. Poseidon, Nereus, Hebe, Hermes. Pan and others

Under the Olympic gods, the architect Daedalus, the father of Icarus, built his famous labyrinth in Crete; Hercules performed his exploits, later ranked among the pantheon of immortal gods; Odysseus wandered around the world, Orpheus descended into the underworld for Eurydice, the Argonauts went on a campaign for the Golden Fleece.

Olympians

See OLYMPIC GODS.

THEY

In Japanese mythology , the demons that live in Jigoku - the underworld there. They are terrible looking. they have red or green bodies, not even bodies - but skeletons (they are so thin), but horse heads. These are ferocious and cruel werewolves, capable of changing their appearance at will and completely becoming invisible. They travel across the sky in fiery chariots, looking for sinners. In addition, they spread contagion from the bodies of the recently deceased. By order of their ruler, Emma-o. they torture some sinners and punish others. A curse was imposed on them in ancient times: they can neither eat nor drink; in addition, their bodies constantly swell, so over time they explode and volatilize in clouds of smelly gas. If a stench comes out of the cracks in the ground, this is a sure sign that they live there.

ORESTIADS

In Greek mythology , the nymphs of mountains.

ORISNITSY

In the mythology of the southern Slavs, wonderful creatures in the form of a woman. On the third day after the birth of the child, they come to the house and

ORISNITSY

An animal-headed female deity. Ur, 1st half of the 4th millennium BC Iraqi Museum, Baghdad

predict the child's fate All events in a person's life (and especially tragic ones) are connected with the prophecy of orissan. And it is possible to change the predestined orinits min ns. Each person has his own orinitsa. coming to him at the moment of death.

A.N. Afan siev pis il:On the first night after childbirth, the females come to the house of the resolved mother and foretell her baby, how many years he will live, what his life will be - happy or disastrous with whom he will enter into a marriage union, what illnesses he will suffer from and what death he will die. They tell more. that there are three good girls and three evil ones, that both of them never agree and wage an eternal struggle among themselves Of the three good girls, the first gives the baby intelligence and knowledge of letters, the second gives health beauty and the gift of speech, and after a day guides him in the continuation of a lifetime teaches crafts and provides opportunities to get rich. Appearing to an adult, they warn him of threatening misfortune. .. Some women in Bulgaria and Macedonia assure that after giving birth they saw iris women at their bedside and that one of them measured the thread and the other cut it.”(cf. Greek Moira K K)

Orynitsy are invisible, they can only be heard by the mother of the child or a close relative. If someone divulges the prophecy of the orynitsy, a terrible punishment awaits him - he will turn to stone on the spot at best - he will remain dumb until the end of his days

In the room where the woman in labor lies, it is impossible to put out the fire and it is also impossible to sleep, otherwise the oysters will be angry. The newborn should be dressed in a shirt so as not to meet the oysters naked. on the nose of the child, between the eyebrows or on the chin, a red rash appears in the morning, which means that the girls really came to To. what they wrote can only be read by a kodun

A.N. Afanasyev cites the following legend about girls: One day a traveler stopped to spend the night in a house where the hostess gave birth to a girl. At midnight - when everyone fell asleep, only the visitors did not sleep - they came

ORKS

orissa; the first said that the girl should live fifty years; the second, that she would endure poverty; the third - that in the thirtieth year she would become very ill, but in four months she would recover: finally the fourth said that she would marry this very traveler, who was already thirty years old. Hearing such a prediction, he thought bitterly: “Iand so remained unmarried until the age of thirty: will I still wait until this girl grows up? In annoyance, he grabbed the child, threw it out, and quietly left the house. In the morning they found a bloodied girl near the fence; her life was saved, but there was a small sign on her back. Twenty years have passed; the same traveler, living in another city, looked for a bride, got married and got married; noticing a sign on his wife’s back, he questioned her, and found out that you can’t escape your fate .

ORKS

In the modern European book and folklore tradition, bloodthirsty demons, the descendants of goblins "penetrated" into folklore from literature, to be exact - from J. RRTolkin's "Lord of the Rings". Myself

Tolkien did not distinguish between orcs and goblins, more precisely, he distinguished them only by size: orcs are much larger and stronger than their "ancestors". According to Tolkien, orcs are divided into ordinary and mutant orcs, or urukhai, who are meaner, more ferocious and quick-witted than the "original" Now, orcs, along with ogres and dragons , are almost indispensable negative characters in most works in the "fantasy" genre

OR CULLY

In Italian folklore, the descendants of the Orcs. bloodthirsty giants whose favorite delicacy was human babies. They can be quite helpful for people to tell when to plant seeds and when to harvest, take care of pets. But if the orculls are angry, they don't

ORF (ORT)

I won’t hold back: as soon as they die on animals, the herd begins to die, and the roads are instantly covered with ice from their breath. In addition, orcullis are notorious thieves. They steal everything: buckets of milk, poultry, laundry from the yard, and so on. They have one strange trait: they can't stand it. when someone changes shoes with them, and immediately disappear.

Orcullis are real werewolves, they do not have a permanent appearance. You can only know about their presence by the smell that they spread. No wonder among Italians one of the most terrible insults is the phrase: “You stink like orculli!”

A. S. Murray. Ora

ORF (ORT)

In Greek mythology, the two-headed dog of the giant Geryon, the offspring of Typhon and Echidna, the brother of Kerberus In addition to two dog heads, Orff also has seven dragon heads. He got along with his mother, who gave birth / from him to the Sphinx (Sphinx).

Apollodorus tells about the exploits of Hercules: “Eurystheus assigned him the tenth feat to bring the cows of Geryon from Erythea. Erythea was an island located near the ocean... Gerion lived on this island... He possessed a body fused from three human bodies, connected to each other to the waist, but separated from the hypochondrium and hips. He owned red cows, which ... were guarded by the two-headed dog Ortr. begotten by Echidna and Typhon...

Burnt by the rays of the sun during the campaign. Hercules directed his bow against the god Helios, and he, amazed by his courage, gave him a golden goblet, in which Hercules swam across the Ocean Arriving in Erythea, Hercules settled down for the night on Mount Abante. The dog, smelling him, rushed to him, but Hercules repelled it with a club and killed the shepherd ... who came running to her aid.

ORCI

See ORCULLI.

ORs

See MOUNTAINS.

PAVARO

See BILVISIER

PAVAKHTUNES

In the myths of the Indians of Central America (Maya), the deities of the winds. There are four Pavakhtuns, they are connected with the four cardinal points. After the Christianization of the population, they began to be identified with Saints Gabriel. Dominic, James and Mary Magdalene.

See also BAKABI and CHUCKY.

PUGGY

See pixie

sh ia

PAIRIKA

In Iranian mythology , demons in female form. In the "Avesta", as a rule, they are mentioned together with yatu sorcerers. Pairika are divided into three kinds - 1) demons of natural disasters: 2) seductive demons, beautiful and sweet-spoken women who seduce people; 3) just evil demons.

E "Avesta" says:

“On a harlot (pairika - K.K.) magical, causing voluptuousness, offering a bed, whose soul staggers like a cloud driven by the wind, on her. Haoma yellow, draw your weapon. For everything that serves to destroy the body of the righteous. Haoma is yellow, direct your weapons."*

*(“Hom-Yasht” Translated by K.Zaleman)

PAK (PEC)

In English folklore, the most famous of the hobgoblins. Like all other hobgoblins, pucks have the ability to shapeshift; in addition, they willingly help people by doing the same work as brownies. Nevertheless, pakov were often identified with demons: for example, William Langland, the author of The Vision of Peter the Plowman, calls the underworld “pakov corrals”, apparently meaning that the devil drives the souls of sinners there like sheep. Pak's favorite pastime is to knock travelers out of the way. The character of the pack is remarkably described by Shakespeare:

Pazuzu

“Then in front of a well-fed stallion I will neigh. Like a mare: I'm still fooling around: Suddenly I'll hide a baked apple in a mug.

PAMARINDO

And as soon as the gossip gathers to take a sip, From there I'm on her lips - lope! And chest

I'll sag all over her with beer.

Or to my aunt that the story is whining. I'll show myself in the corner with a three-legged chair: Suddenly I'll slip out - bang! - aunt on the floor. Well, cough, yell! There will be fun'..”*

The most famous of the packs is Robin the Good Guy.

★ (“A Midsummer Night's Dream” Translated by T. Shchepkina-Kupernik)

Like other hobgoblins, pakis do not tolerate unfaithful lovers. Like brownies, a puck can be driven away by offering him new clothes as a gift (and making such a gift, as they say, is tempting - after all, pak, as stated in fairy tales, walks around naked)

PAMARINDO

In Italian folklore, creatures are lazy, cruel to animals and rude. They do not give way to anyone, on the contrary, they swell like that. that they simply push the oncoming people into the ditches. They feed on the meat of livestock, which they steal from the peasants. When the pamarindo gets hungry, he makes a long whistle, and the animals run to him themselves. Following the pamarindo, sheep, cows and goats run towards the cliff; pamarindo turns into a ball and rolls down, and the animals, unable to stop, fall and break on the stones. Pamarindos begin to devour prey, and their cackling is carried far around.

Pamarindos are about two feet tall and very thick. They wear red jackets and pants, pointy-toed shoes, and copper hats.

PANI

In ancient Indian mythology , demons are the enemies of the god Indra. These are insidious, deceitful creatures. It was the panis who stole the cows of Indra and

PANTEGAN

They took them to the end of the world, where they locked them in a mountain cave.

In the Rig Veda, one of the hymns to Agni and Soma reads:

“About Agni and Soma, such a heroic deed of yours is known.

That you have taken food away from Pani and the cows.”*

★ (Translated by T. Elizarenkova)

PANTEGAN

See Aswane

PAIR

In Finnish folklore, household spirits who take care of the well-being of the house usually bring milk, cream and butter into the house, but if asked, they can even bring money. Usually a couple appear to people in cat form and bring good in the mouth or in the stomach. If you wish, you can create a pair yourself from some stolen item.

PARANDER

In classical mythology and medieval bestiaries, a wonderful beast that lives in Ethiopia. The parader has branched deer antlers; the body of the animal is covered with thick, bear-like fur. It is impossible to catch him because he is able to instantly change color, like a chameleon

PARI (PERI|

In Iranian mythology , spirits in many respects similar to paririka are evil demons See also PERI

PARKS

In Roman mythology of the goddess of fate, Aulus Gellius says "... Ancient Romans. believed that, in accordance with nature, women give birth no other than in the ninth or tenth month, therefore they gave the three Fates names from the name of birth, as well as from the ninth and tenth months. Gellius points out that Parka is a proper name and means "birth", according to other sources, the park was called Nona, Decima and Morta (that is, "death"). Sometimes the parks were called veils

PARNASIDS

See MUSES.

Bellerophon and Pegasus. Rice. from a Greek vase

PAULOMA

In ancient Indian mythology, the category of demons is asuras. They were defeated by the hero Arjuna.

PAURIE

See DANTERS.

PEGASUS

In Greek mythology, the winged horse originated from the blood of the Gorgon Medusa, who was killed by Perseus. Apollodorus reports • Coming close to the sleeping sisters. Perseus, whose hand was directed by the goddess Athena, turned away, looking into a copper shield, where he saw the reflection of the Gorgon and beheaded Medusa. As soon as the head was cut off, the winged horse Pegasus and Chrysaor jumped out of the Gorgon. Gerion's father. Medusa gave birth to them from the god Poseidon. Pegasus - a mighty white horse with golden wings; he has a silky mane, and his breath spreads the scent of flowers. By Hesiod. Pegasus brings thunder and lightning to Zeus Pindar, however.

claims that Pegasus was captivated by the hero Bellerophon, throwing a golden bridle over him:

“... He has undergone a lot. Bridling over the beaters of the key

Pegasus. Jacopo di Barbari

The fiend of the serpentine Gorgon - Pegasus.

Until the maiden Pallas gave him a bridle marked with gold.

In a prophetic dream, she said to him:

"Are you sleeping, son of Eol?

Horse Chara - here it is.

... Rushing, grabbed.

With a gentle spell, pulling back his jaw.

PENATES

Strong Bellerophon - a winged horse And in a dance,

Copper-armored, flew up to his spine. From here,

From the empty bosom of cold ether,

He poured arrows on the army of archers-Amazons,

From here he struck Salimoe

And the Chimera breathing fire..."*

*(“Olympic Songs” Translated by M. Gas

steam)

A. Kuaz vo. Mercury on Pegasus

When Bellerophon tried to fly to heaven on Pegasus, the gods laughed at his audacity and threw the hero from a sky-high height, and Zeus harnessed his horse to his chariot

With a hoof blow, Pegasus knocked out the source of Hippocrene on Mount Helikon. Pausanias reports: “If you climb twenty stades from the grove of the Muses, then there is a source called Hippocrene (Horse's Key). They say that it was made by the horse of Bellerophon, hitting the ground with its hoof. This source is famous for the fact that poets draw inspiration from it.

PENATES

Guardian deities in Roman mythology. They guard the house and especially food supplies. Sometimes the Penates were identified with the Lares. Except

home and family penates, there were "state" penates, of the entire Roman people. These penates were considered a guarantee of the invincibility and eternity of Rome.

SHOWERS

In the folklore of the southern Slavs, creatures that are somewhat similar to fiery snakes . As a rule, perennials take the form of dead people and in this form appear to inconsolable widows, etc. M.A Orlov remarks: “Of course, most often the charmer is

lo. to people of both sexes who yearn for their loved ones. He often succeeds in overshadowing a person’s mind to such an extent that he is completely amenable to deception, sees his friend in the charmer, it comes to the point that the unfortunate obo. the baptized enters into a loving conversation with the spirit of the partner, embraces and kisses him.

PERI

In European "Eastern" folklore, a kind of genies, good creatures in female form Born in fire from fallen angels , peri dwell in the aromas of incense from retiring offerings. These are beautiful girls who, from time to time, make the chosen mortals happy, send their animals and birds to help them, endow them with amulets On the starry path laid by the peri, the righteous can ascend to heaven Despite their softness, the peri often fight with evil genies when the stars fall - this is true a sign of such a battle, because opponents are thrown stars at each other like fireballs

Peri penetrated into European folklore and book tradition after the translation into the main European languages of the tales of the Thousand and One Nights "and the poem" Layala Ruk "of the English novel by Thomas Moore. Their origin, so to speak, they lead from Iranian bets

PERITON

In medieval bestiaries, a wonderful beast with orthian wings and horns - as soon as they are broken, they grow by themselves. It is believed that the spirit of the recently deceased moves into the peryton because the shadow cast by the peryton flying over the earth. - human Most often, this is the spirit of a person who died far from home, therefore, the wives of sailors and soldiers, seeing the peryton, immediately begin to fight for their faithful ones. Yes, and the travelers look askance at him, because it is known that the peryton is not averse to catching a careless person, lift him high into the sky and drop him from there down to earth

PERCHTS

In German folklore , Christmas spirits. At Christmas, Frau Holda appears - either Bertha or Perchta (she has many names). She rushes across the sky on New Year's Eve, accompanied by her retinue. This retinue is made up of perkhts. Frau Holle peeps into people's houses together with the perchs, brings gifts to good people, and severely punishes villains and sluts. As a rule, perch enters the house through the chimney.

PETRO

See LOA.

FIRMWARE

In Scottish folklore, mysterious creatures who built round stone towers (there are a lot of such towers on the plains). Pechs - or Picts - were called tiny creatures with red hair and long arms; their legs were so wide that they covered their feet from the rain. The infantry could not stand daylight, and therefore at dawn they always hid in their hills. They built the towers like this: they stretched out in a chain from the quarry to the construction site and erected the tower in one night.

Where the infantry went, no one knows, although a lot of hypotheses have been put forward regarding their origin and further fate.

PIAST

In Irish folklore, a monster that lives in Loch Ree. It is a water serpent about ten feet long, with a large head and a long neck with a mane from which seaweed protrudes. Piast is very timid and rarely gets out on land. It moves with the help of paddle-like fins. According to legend, fishermen, so that the piast does not turn their boats over, from time to time pour a whole barrel of brandy down his throat.

pygmies

In Greek mythology, a wonderful people, black-skinned dwarfs who lived south of Egypt or in Asia Minor. Strabo reports: “The cranes are fighting with a tribe of people 3 spans high ... and partridges, which are great there.

pigsy

noah from the goose®. Herodotus adds They had brave young men, sons of leaders. Having matured, these young men came up with various crazy ideas and even chose by lot five from their midst to travel through the Libyan desert in order to penetrate further and see more than all those who had previously visited its most remote parts. At first they walked through the populated area and then arrived in the region of wild animals. After many days of wandering through the vast desert, they again saw trees growing in the valley. Approaching the trees, the young men began to tear the fruits hanging on them. At this time, prayer people attacked them, grabbed them and took them away with them ... The young men were led through vast swamps andfinally brought to the city where all the people were as small as their leaders ... " According to various sources, the pygmies are from an ant to a monkey

Іmer in the Iliad compares the anger of warriors with the fury of cranes that attack pygmies

“So only for the battle both peoples lined up with the leaders and.

Three sons rush, with a voice, with a cry like birds:

Such a cry of cranes is heard under the high sky,

If, avoiding both winter storms and endless rains

With a cry, flocks fly through the fast flow of the Ocean

Threatening swearing and murder to small pygmy husbands

With terrible fury, which are attacked from the heights of the air.

*(Translated by NL Nedich )

Geranomachy (a warrior with cranes) was caused by the fact that the pygmies stole the eggs from the cranes. In addition, the myth of the attack of the pygmies on Hercules is known. The pygmies took revenge on the hero for killing the giants; Anthea of his brother Hercules defeated the pygmies, collected them all in the skin of a Nemean lion and took them to King Eurystheus.

PIGSI

See pixie

pizgi

R. Doyle. pixie

pizgi

See pixies.

pixie

Fairies in English folklore .The height of a pixie can be anything - from a span to a normal human. The typical pixie has red hair and a snub nose: he walks in a green jacket, and wears a huge pointed cap on his head that closes his squinted, sunlight-afraid eyes. Pixies are said to throw themselves into hedgehogs during the day and roam among mortals in this form. Their favorite pastime is to knock travelers off the road: it is no coincidence that they say about those who have lost their way: "Pixies have beguiled." They also throw pieces of turf on the roads - a person who steps on such a piece, as if he finds himself in an unknown country, everything around seems unfamiliar to him. at least he was a stone's throw from his house (in Irish folklore for such pieces there is a name - the cursed turf). In addition, pixies steal horses, especially foals, and drive them to exhaustion through the fields at night. After that, circles remain in the fields, similar to witch rings. If a person steps into such a circle, he will fall into the Magic Land and remain in it until the end of his days. (However, if you step into the circle with one foot.

nothing terrible will happen: a person will see fairies dancing, but they will not be able to harm him or lure him to them).

It is the pixies, and not the elves at all, who dance on the lawns and put the children to sleep in cups of flowers.

pixie

Pixies love music

The most reliable way to drive a pixie out is to turn your jacket inside out or show an iron cross.

However, pixies are quite friendly. They take care of abandoned graves, leave flowers on them, help around the house, doing the same work as brownies. True, they quickly get bored with homework and they leave it at the first opportunity. If a pixie is presented with new clothes, he will immediately put it on and declare that he will not work anymore.

According to some sources, pixies are the spirits of children who died before baptism; according to others, these are the spirits of druids or pagans who departed to another world before the coming of Christ, and therefore did not fall into either heaven or hell (they do not deserve heaven, because pagans, and to go to hell, they sinned not enough).

The story goes that a drunkard harassed his wife and children. He behaved so ugly that the pixies decided to intervene and punish him. Once a drunkard was returning home from a tavern on his pony and suddenly saw a light in the fog. He pointed the pony towards the light. The animal became stubborn - it clearly saw that the pixie was holding the light and

that there is a dark quagmire ahead. But the drunkard urged him on. And when he realized that the pony would not leave the place, he dismounted and wandered into the light himself. He did not even take two steps, as he fell into the swamp and went under the water with his head. And the pony galloped home. The neighbors saw that his hooves were covered with mud, and guessed what had happened to the drunkard, and were so happy that they started dancing. And the drunkard's wife, since then, every evening put a bucket of clean water on the threshold and chalked the hearth, and everything went well with her.

pilosi

wonderful, and the pony with the cares of the fairies grew fat every day.

PILOSI

In French folklore, shaggy spirits with goat hooves instead of legs. They bring good luck to the house and live in the hearth. The locals love them very much and therefore do not hang horseshoes over the hearths to show the Pilosi that they are waiting for them.

PITARS

In ancient Indian mythology, deified ancestors. Pitras include Angirases and Atharvans . bhrigu, vairupas. vasishthas. navagvas. They inhabit the air, earth and heaven. The Pitars are immortal; they have their own special world (pitriloka). opposed to the world of the gods (svargaloka). Abu Reyhan Biruni remarks that "the Pitars see one half of the lunar month, and the people see the other half." The Pitars live in the realm of the god of death, Yama.

A.N. Afanasiev expresses the following opinion:“The Vedic religion recognizes the sky and the air world as two separate areas. In the boundless expanses of the sky, light abides as an eternal creative force: between this country of light and the earth extends the kingdom of air, in which clouds and clouds float, carrying the living water of rains and blocking the path of the rays of the sun. The souls of the fathers inhabit both regions, and from here later... a belief developed about the dual fate of the departed: about the souls of the blessed, inheriting the kingdom of heaven, and the outcast, condemned to wander through the air and revolve in the hell of thunderclouds... High up on that towards the cloudy waters, there lies a brilliant sky... There, on the distant border of the universe, the ancestors who departed from the earthly vale live under the rule of Varuna, enjoying eternal bliss and shining bright stars to the eyes of mortals. But in order to reach these paradise villages,

pitises

In Slavic book legends and apocryphal traditions about the campaigns of Alexander. Macedonian wonderful people. In 'Serbian Alexandria' it says: 'And here. in that land. I found people the size of a cubit: they came to Alexander and bowed to him. they brought a lot of honey and dates, and those people are called pitis. Alexander created a city in that land. and set a king over them, and taught them human life...

It is possible that the pitis are the "relatives" of the Greek pygmies

PYTHON

In Greek mythology , a monster, a giant serpent, the offspring of mother earth Gaia. Pausanias, discussing where the name of the city of Delphi, which was also called Python, came from, reports: “... a legend, which is especially widespread among people, says that he. whoever was struck here by the arrow of Apollo rotted away and that from this the name Python was given to the city.

PISHACHI

In ancient Indian mythology, evil demons, bloodthirsty creatures that eat people's meat and drink their blood. Pishachas also send various diseases. It is believed that pishachas are the damned souls of Pitars.

One of the Atharva Veda conspiracies against evil spirits says:

"Agni Vaishvanara, strong in truth

Bull, let him burn those.

Who wants to do us harm and harm. And also those who want to clothe us!

Who wants to harm us. when we don't want to hurt.

And who wants to hurt when we want to hurt.

That I plant right

On two fangs of Agni Vaishvanara.

Who. shouting boastfully. Hunt on the night of the new moon.

Meat eaters that want to harm others -

I overpower them all.

I master writing power.

I take their wealth for myself

I kill anyone who wants to cause harm.

May my intention come true!

I am a torment for a pishacha.

Like a tiger - for the owners of cows.

Like dogs seeing a lion.

They do not find a secluded corner.

I can't put up with pishachs.

Not with thieves, not with savages.

Which village will I go to?

Pishachi disappear from there.

Whatever village this terrible power of mine enters, Pishachi disappear from there And do not plot evil ... "*

*(Translated by T. Elizarenkova)

Indian tradition knows the so-called Pishacha marriage, one of the eight types of marriage, the last and lowest. It consists in that. that a man possesses a woman during her sleep, intoxication, or loss of reason.

PIERIDES

In Greek mythology, another name for the Muses. Pausanias reports that the Muses received this nickname on behalf of a certain Pier “In the course of time ... arrived here ... Pier from Macedonia, after whom the mountain is named in this country, established the number of muses in the amount of nine and gave them those names that they still wear it to this day ... But there are people who say that Pier himself had nine daughters and that their names were the same as those of the goddesses and those. whom the Hellenes called the children of the Muses. were the grandchildren of Pierre.” True. Ovid in his Metamorphoses gives a slightly different version of the myth:

“And the goddess recited to the surprised goddess: “Recently

Birds were multiplied by sleeping magpies defeated in a dispute

The rich Pier gave birth to them on the Pelleian plain ...

Behold, the crowd of those reckless sisters was proud of the number.

They passed through many cities of Gemonia and Achaia,

They came to us and started such a competition with a speech: •

“Enough of you dark people to deceive with your false

Sweetness! With us now, Thespian, argue, goddesses.

If you trust yourself 1 Neither art nor sound

Don't defeat us. The same number.

Or give in.

Having surrendered, Medusa spring along with the giant Aganippe.

Or are we the plains of Emathite to you, we will yield to the very

Snow peonies. - and let the nymphs be our judges

The Muses accepted the challenge of Pier's daughters and entered into a contest, which ended in their victory.

“Our older sister, the scientist, finished the song

Choir consonant then Heliconian victory to the goddesses

The nymphs judged. When did the vanquished begin to pour into them

Scolding, she said, “Not enough for you. it is seen.

To suffer from disgrace: add swearing to guilt

Evil but we also ran out of patience: let's enter

We are on a punishing path, we will follow our anger.

Only the Emsafids laughed in response, despised the threats.

Again they tried to speak and hold out with a cry

Their impudent hands: but they suddenly saw that they were coming out

They have feathers from their nails that their hands are feathered

They see, one from the other, how it grows on everyone's face

Hard beak, and new birds appear in the forest.

They want to hit the chest, but, waving their arms and rising,

Already hanging in the air - the slander of the forest - magpies.

In the birds, to this day, the talkativeness has remained the former,

Their sharp chatter and extra passion for talkativeness. ”*

★ (Translated by S. Shervinsky)

PLANETERS

In the mythology of the southern and western Slavs, creatures that live in thunderclouds control the movement of clouds in particular and the weather in general. Planetaries often become mortgaged dead (see DOMOVIK) and double souls Planetaries feed on flour that people throw into the fire to protect crops from hail. As a rule, they are not very friendly to people, but they can show cordiality and help; especially they do not like sorcerers and those who are able to control the weather.

PLANTANNON

In Welsh folklore, subterranean fairies that enter the upper world through mountain lakes. Their king is called Iѣin ap Nudd (according to the Mabinogion, the ruler of Annon, the Welsh underworld, is also called), Lake maidens (guaragged annon), magical cattle (guarteg-i-llin) and a pack of

Annona (kon annon).

PLANT RISTUVN

In Welsh folklore , fairies inhabit an invisible land in which some wonderful plant blooms all year round, making this land invisible. Pretty and good-natured creatures, slightly below average height, plant rice tuven love to visit the human markets and pay such money for unremarkable goods that no one can compete with them. Trade

they lead honestly and help people who do the same to them.

PLANTS

See nightlights

TRIBES OF THE GODDESS DANU

See TUATA DE DANANNE

CAPTIVE FAIRIES

In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, there is a relatively common story about the marriage of a man to a woman from the fairies - as a rule, to an elven princess. Most often, such a marriage is associated with the abduction of a woman, only guaragged annon marry mortals voluntarily. Let's say a selkie marries because a man stole a seal skin from her. If she manages to get the skin back in time, she immediately returns to her people.

The legend says that a knight nicknamed Wild Edric once, returning from a hunt, lost his way and got lost in the forest. Finally, late in the evening, he saw the lights and found himself in the chamber, where beautiful ladies were feasting. However, he fell in love with her so much that he kidnapped her, despite the opposition of the others, and took her away with him.

For three days she remained silent, and on the fourth she said: “May luck be with you until you remind me of my sisters and the house from which I was kidnapped. When this happens, you will lose me and your luck, and when I disappear, you will die.

He swore that he would never do this, and took her as his wife. Together with

Edric's wife visited London, at the royal court. Many years passed. Somehow Edric returned from hunting and did not find his wife at home.

At that very moment, she disappeared. Edric went looking for her, but he never found her. He

mourned, emaciated from anguish, and died of grief, as his wife had predicted.

PRISONERS OF THE MAGIC LAND

In the myths and folklore of various peoples, the story of people who find themselves prisoners of the other world is quite common. In European folklore, people usually become captives of the elves, who forcibly keep them in the Fairyland (see FAIRY). Fairies abduct not only children, but also adults. They lure young men who can play musical instruments and sing well, and the most beautiful of these young men become lovers of sorceress princesses.

However, for men, the danger of being kidnapped is not so great; but for women, according to fairy tales and legends, she threatens literally at every step. Young mothers are kidnapped to breastfeed faerie babies (the fact is that faeries mother's milk is not very nutritious): therefore, from the birth of a child until the purification rite is performed on a woman, every possible precaution must be taken.

Faerie kings and princes often marry mortal women, and the wedding is almost always preceded by a kidnapping.

Tradition says that Finvarra. the king of the Irish fairies, although he was married, did not miss the opportunity to court the mortal women he liked. Not far from the hill, under which were the halls of Finvarra, there was a castle. The owner of the castle recently married the beautiful Etna and every day he held holidays in her honor. He was not afraid of Finvarra, for he was friends with the faerie king. One evening, at a ball, Etna was dancing with her husband. suddenly lost consciousness. She was carried upstairs to the bedroom. By morning she woke up, but answered all questions with stories about the wonderful country she visited at night and where she would like to return. The next night

Etna is gone. The owner of the castle, guessing that there were fairies here, decided to consult with his friend Finvarra. As soon as he stepped onto the hillside, he heard voices. “Finvarra is happy. one said. - He got the beautiful Etna into his palace. Her husband will never see her again." "You're wrong," replied another. “If he digs a deep hole on top of this hill so that daylight penetrates the bowels of the earth, Etna will return to him.” The young knight immediately sent for the diggers. By the evening they dug half of what they had planned and went to rest in a good mood, because they hoped to finish the work the next day. However, the next morning it turned out that there was no pit at all. This was repeated for three days in a row, and the young knight fell into despair, but suddenly he heard a voice proclaiming: "Sprinkle the earth with salt, and everything will be in order." After that, the work went on without hindrance: the diggers got so close to the halls of Finvarra that, putting their ear to the ground, one could hear the sounds of music and voices. “Finvarra is sad. said one voice. - HE knows that when a mortal's shovel touches the wall of his palace, he will crumble into dust. "But if the king sends Etna back to her husband, we are saved," replied the second. And Finvarra himself exclaimed: “Put aside the shovels, people, and at sunset Etna will return to her husband!” At sunset, the young knight met his wife at the entrance to a deep gorge, put her on a horse and took her to the castle. But it soon became clear that Finvarra had deceived him - Etna did not answer questions, looked at one point, in a word, behaved like a person whose soul remained in the Magic Land. A year passed, and the young knight heard familiar voices. "Etna is still silent for Finvarra left her soul with him", - said one. “Husband can save her. - answered the second. - You just need to untie the belt and remove the pin from it, then burn the belt.

sprinkle ashes on the door to her chambers, and bury the pin. Then Etna will regain her soul.” The knight darted back to the castle like an arrow. With great difficulty, he untied the belt, took out the pin, burned the belt and sprinkled ashes on the door to Etna's chambers. However, the girl still did not move. The knight buried the pin under a wild rose bush. When he returned, his wife held out her arms to him with a smile. She remembered everything, that's just a year. spent in Fairyland, she imagined one day.

Perhaps the most famous of the prisoners of the Fairyland is Thomas of Ersildun, or Thomas the Rhymer, about whom many ballads have been composed. One of them says that tired Thomas lay down to rest over a fast river and then he saw a beautiful stranger:

“Green silk is her outfit. And on top of the cloak is redder than fire. And the bells are ringing On the strands of the horse's mane.

Her wonderful beauty.

Like the sun. Tom was blinded..."

He started a conversation with a noble lady, and she confessed to him. that she is the queen of the elves and has long been in love with him.

“Stay with me for an hour.

Don't be shy, get up off your knees.

But don't kiss me, my Tom.

Or you will be captured for a long time.

- Well. come what may! - he said. - I'm not afraid of your threats.

And faithful Tom kissed

Her lips are redder than roses.

The queen said:

“- You, my knight, for seven years I take to my service!

Whatever you see around you, you should be silent, like a dumb one,

But if you blabbed, my friend, you won't come back home.

And they were on their way:

“They ran at full speed. It seemed that the horse was flying like an arrow. Before them was an empty space. And behind the shoulders - the edge of the residential.

Through the streams in the dark

The horse rushes either swimming or fording,

No stars, no sun in the sky

And only the roar of the waters is heard.

The horse rushes in pitch darkness,

Thick blood on the horse's chest.

All the blood that flows on the ground

He finds a way to that gloomy land.

As the queen said, Thomas spent seven whole years in Fairyland. In the meantime, the time has come to pay tribute to the devil (according to some sources, fairies must make a sacrifice to the devil every seven years. Fearing that Tom would be chosen as a victim, the queen returned her lover to the mortal world and endowed him with the gift of speaking

only the truth:

“But now a garden rises before them, And a fairy. tilted the branch. She said: - Eat a ruddy fruit - And you will always be truthful!

Thank you, - answered Tom, - I don't need your gift. With such a truthful language You can't buy from us - you can't sell it.

You can't tell the truth straight out, neither to a woman, nor to a king...

Hold your tongue, my Tom, And do what I say!”*

*(Translation From Marshak

After returning from the Fairyland, Thomas the Rhymer lived for many years in Ersildun and became famous for his prophecies. But the queen did not forget about him. Once, when he was feasting in his castle, a frightened servant reported that two fallow deer had come from the forest to the castle courtyard. Thomas ran out into the yard, and the deer took him into the woods, from which he never returned. True, in a number of legends it is stated that the Rhymer is an adviser to the queen of the elves.

PLENTIN NEWID

Changelings in Welsh folklore. At first, Pleintyn Newid looks exactly like the baby he replaced, but quickly changes: he becomes ugly and irritable, constantly naughty. He bites, pinches - in a word, the mother who slipped him is unhappy. At times he behaves like an imbecile, but at other times he displays supernatural wisdom.

There are a lot of ways to get rid of a changeling and get your child back: you can put it in a heated oven or bathe it in foxglove infusion, as well as cook eggshell stew or bake it in blackbird dough.

DIE TSY

See PLANETS.

UNDERGROUND DIVISIONS

In Scottish folklore , fairies live in the hills and change their place of residence every two weeks, moving from one hill to another. Nothing more is known about them - they lead such a secluded lifestyle.

CHANGELINGS

In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, creatures that fairies (or evil spirits) leave in exchange for kidnapped human children Fairies are ready for almost anything to steal a baby from a gaping mother. This is due to the fact that either, as some say, human children of the fairies pay tribute to the devil, or, as others believe.

CHANGELINGS

Changelings

fairies strive to improve their breed and infuse fresh blood into it. Most often, they steal unbaptized children and leave changelings instead. Changelings are different: for example, oak decks carved in the shape of a human body: such a deck is given the appearance of life with the help of spells. True, the spells quickly dissipate, and it seems to people that the child has died and is buried without suspecting it. that bury an ordinary piece of wood. However, much more often, instead of a baby, a young one is left, or vice versa, a completely decrepit fairy, from which his relatives are no longer the slightest sense. He plagues his "parents" with constant whims, whimpers, demands food, but he himself does not grow and does not crawl out of the cradle.

There are several ways to return a baby. True, if a deck was planted instead of a child, there is practically no hope of returning the child. But if the fairies slipped their offspring, it can be pinched, beaten - in a word, tortured until the real parents take pity and take the changeling back. True, this method does not justify itself: many children (who were only a little different from everyone else) were tortured on suspicion that they were changelings. They were beaten, flogged, one was even burned in the oven, as it was assumed that he was a changeling! - must go down the chimney As for older changelings, the main thing with them is to trick them into admitting their true age. The method is this: take two dozen empty eggshells, put them in the hearth and pretend. that you cook soup. The changeling will gradually stop whimpering, he will rise in his cradle and exclaim piercingly: “I saw an acorn from which an oak tree grew, but I never saw stew made from a shell!” Then he must be seized and thrown into the fire: he will fly out into the chimney with laughter, and the kidnapped child will knock on the door.

Fairies - much less often than children - adults are also kidnapped, instead of which they usually leave an animated deck.

The legend says that one woman had just had time to give birth, when a knock was heard from the ground. The farmer hurried to his wife and suddenly, passing by the barn, he heard someone's voice: "Beware of the crooked finger!" And at

his wife had just such a finger, and the farmer guessed that the fairies were up to no good. He lit a candle, picked up a knife and opened the bible. At that moment, a scream came from the barn. The farmer clenched his knife between his teeth and. holding a candle in one hand and a bible in the other, he moved towards the barn. He opened the door and threw the Bible inside. The screams grew louder as suddenly a whole crowd of faeries rushed past the farmer. They were in such a hurry that they threw a wooden block, like two peas in a pod, like a farmer's wife. The farmer picked up a log and chopped wood on it for many years, and the fairies did not come close to his house anymore.

The tale says that one night a tall man in a black cloak entered the house of a certain farmer. Next came an old woman with a hairy, ugly baby in her arms. The lights went out in the house. When it was lit, the parents saw that their child was gone, and the ugly baby was lying in the cradle. Before they had time to come to their senses, there was a knock on the door, and a woman in a red headscarf entered. She asked why they looked so dazed. and when I found out. what was the matter, she advised not to be sad: they say that the hairy baby is her child, and if he is returned to her, she will tell you what needs to be done. On the advice of this woman, the farmer and his wife came to the magic hill, burned three bundles of brushwood and threatened to burn everything. that grew on the hill if the fairies did not give them the child. The fairies were frightened and immediately returned the kidnapped.

According to some sources, the threat to burn the blackthorn on the magic hill sometimes helps to rescue adults as well.

POLEVIK

In the mythology of the Eastern Slavs, a field demon, a distant relative of the brownie. This is an ugly dwarf who lives in the field and attacks people at noon, hitting them with sunstroke. Its appearance varies from place to place.

terrain: sometimes he is in white, sometimes black, with multi-colored eyes and grass instead of hair on his head

S.V. Maksimov reports: “It is especially common to meet a field worker at the boundary of the vytyas. It is absolutely impossible to sleep in such places, because the children of field workers (“mezhevchiki” and “meadows”) run along the borders and catch birds for their parents to eat. If they find a person lying here, they lean on him and strangle him.

Like all unclean spirits, the field workers are bribe-takers, proud and capricious... Once a year, under the Spirits of the day, the Oryol plowmen go in the dead of night somewhere far away from the road... and carry a couple of eggs and stolen from the good neighbors of the old and a voiceless rooster - they bring it as a gift to a field worker, and, moreover, like that. so that no one sees, otherwise the field worker will get angry and destroy all the grain in the field.

The same S.V. Maksimov cites a legend, a story of a woman

“I was walking past the haystack. Suddenly,“ he ”we jumped out like a pimple, and shouted: “Darling, tell the reveler that the watchman died. heard?" I just spoke to him. as something groaned in the podzubishka: "Oh, watchdog oh, watchdog." Then something black came out again, like a little man, threw the novelty away and out went the doors from the hut, they opened themselves for him And it all howls: “Oh! watchman "We were exhausted: we are sitting with the owner as if sentenced to death. And so it went

NS Leskov wrote: “Another old man flourished in the boundless steppe in the middle of a feather grass, where both cranes and drachvas with their heads are buried and the horseman at arms with a spear is not visible there, the old man buried himself in the ground up to his waist and endures how a free-flowing worm gnaws at him and he himself eats only goats that crawl into his mouth, and this hermit is called old Polevik, and his age is five hundred years

FIELD

See POLEVIK

POLTERGEIST

See HADDERS

HALF-VERITSA

See Leshy

NOONS

In Slavic mythology, the field spirits of the Midday are beautiful tall / evushki in white dresses. During the harvest, they walk through the fields looking for those. who works at noon; having found such a person, nooners begin to twist his neck. In addition, they lure children into the fields, who, as a rule, wander among the ears until the evening. DK Zelenin notices that noon is called noon because he walks in rye in the forest. day and another - rye, because it lives in rye. Good noon - closes bread and herbs with a huge pan at noon, from the scorching rays of the sun, and evil - wraps the pan on the other side and burns the milk of grains and the color of herbs.

Midnighters

See MARY

ONSU

See CHANGSEUN

PORTUNS

In English folklore, the little fairies mentioned in his chronicle by Gervais of Tilbury They work in the fields and at night make fires and roast frogs on the fire, which they then eat. Pstuns look like old men with shriveled

They wear patched faces and wear patched jackets. If you need to drag something into the house or do other hard work, they will gladly take it on. Their favorite entertainment is to lie in wait for a lonely traveler late in the evening, grab his horse by the bridle, lead it into the lake and disappear with loud laughter

PRAMATHI

See VETALS

THRONES

In the Christian tradition, one of the nine angelic ranks. This is the third rank of the first triad, where he enters along with the seraphim and cherubim. Pseudo-Dionysius reports: “So, it is right that higher beings are consecrated to the first of the heavenly Hierarchies, since it has the highest rank, especially

because to her, as to the closest to God, the first Epiphany and consecrations originally belong. And heavenly Minds are called burning Thrones and an outpouring of wisdom, because these names express their God-like properties ... The name of the highest Thrones means that they are completely free from any earthly attachment and, constantly rising above the earthly, most peacefully strive for the heavenly, with all their might, motionless and are firmly attached to the truly Highest Being, accepting His Divine suggestion in complete dispassion and immateriality: it also means that they wear God and slavishly fulfill His Divine commands.

PRETAS

In ancient Indian mythology, the souls of the dead, for some time after death, the bodies remaining among people. During this time, a special ritual must be performed so that the Pretas do not become Bhuts and join the Pitras. However, in folklore, Pretas are often identified with Bhuts.
In Buddhist mythology, spirits that are unable to satisfy their desires. In particular, they cannot get enough, because with a huge

GHOSTS AND GHOSTS

nom womb have tiny mouths. Pretas are born those people who in a previous life were distinguished by stinginess, cruelty and insatiability.

GHOSTS AND GHOSTS

In the folklore of various peoples , the spirits of the dead, which appear in those places where they lived during life, pester living relatives and loved ones with loud groans, etc. Ghosts also become the spirits of people who died a violent death, did not receive a proper burial, etc.

Hamlet's father's shadow

V.I.Dal wrote: “By the word vision we mean such a phenomenon, such a visible object that appeared to our eyes in an unusual, supernatural way ... It is implied. that a person sees what appeared not in a dream, but in reality; what's more, it's a vision. at least, for the most part not material, intangible to the hands. although it is visible to the share of eyes: in a word, that it occupies some indefinite middle between the carnal and incorporeal worlds. These visions are mostly based on the appearance of a shadow or spirit ... i.e. human,

who has already departed into eternity and has again taken on a carnal, visible image, and in this sense, the vision receives a more precise, definitive name of a ghost ... "

GHOSTS

See GHOSTS AND GHOSTS.

PARTICIPANTS

In Russian folklore, a kind of mortgaged dead (see DOMOVIK), creatures guarding treasures.

D.K. Zelenin quotes an ancient manuscript. “And it was given quickly from there, by the permission of God,

PRISHNI

Cynocephalus

the power of the guards to guard the luggage on the earth: the ovs are unclean spirits, as if I’ll put King Solomon, they guard until the day of the terrible judgment, but the simple luggage is accounted for by prayers, laid down for a period. Those luggage after three years have guards: in another place drunken people, in another place damned, and if the princes of demons themselves.

PRISHNI

In ancient Indian mythology, wonderful dwarfs, sages, who personify the rays of light. According to the Mahabharata (Drona Parva), they are together with the Sikats. Alakhily and other sages appeared to the hero Drona during the battle to return him to the true path - and announce imminent death: “And all of them. turning to Drona, shining in battle, they said: “You fight unjustly - and the hour of your death has come. Leaving your weapons in battle, O Drona, come together with us standing here? From now on, please do not perform such extremely cruel deeds again! .. Hold on now to the eternal path! The time for you to live in the human world has now completely expired!

JUMPERS

See LLAMHIGIN-I-DUR.

PSIGLAVTS

In Russian folklore, a wonderful people living in India or in the kingdom of Prester John. According to A.N. Afanasyev, “Russian tradition presents one-sided, gluttonous giants with dog heads and calls them dogheads.” In "Serbian Alexandria" - an apocryphal story about the campaigns of Alexander the Great, it says: "And having passed their land in six days, they came to dog-headed people: they have a whole human body. And the dog's head: they say this: now like people, now like dogs bark. Alexander killed a lot of them and covered their land in ten days.

PSYCHOPOMP

In classical mythology, a conductor who leads someone through the afterlife. names

but Dante's psychopomp was Virgil (The Divine Comedy).

PUKA

In Welsh and Irish folklore, the werewolf is related to the English pack. He is similar in everything to his relative - both habits and habits; they differ only in appearance. The Irish fart has goat horns and hooves, the Welsh fart has a bird's head, and it looks like a tadpole in figure. The Irish fart can be thrown into a donkey and a bat, into a goat and into an eagle; in this guise, for the sake of a joke, he kidnaps people, rises with them into the sky and drops them to the ground. Most often, he turns into a horse that you just want to sit on. But woe to the rider - the horse, with a contented neigh, gallops over the hills and ravines, and in the end throws the rider into a ditch or into a river. The fart also has a habit of pretending to be a wandering light: it leads travelers into swamps and gullies and disappears with a loud laugh.

Due to ignorance, the Irish fart can be mistaken for a demon - they are so similar in appearance

PUKE

See PUKIS.

PUKIS

In Latvian mythology, a fire-breathing dragon, a multi-headed serpent that lives in or near water. He brings wealth to the house (cf. AITVARAS); you can get it as a property by selling your soul to the devil. Pukis steals money and belongings from neighbors, which he brings to the owner in a tail bag.

PURVADEVA

In ancient Indian mythology, another name for danavas. Literally, "original deities."

PHOUNSIN

In Korean mythology , wind spirits .

PEN

In Chinese mythology, a wonderful bird of gigantic proportions. As it is said in an old treatise quoted by Yuan Ke: “There is a fish in the sea, its name is kun. the size of a kun is many thousand li. She turns into a bird, which is called pan. its back stretches for many thousands of li. When she flies up in anger, her wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. When the sea moves, this bird moves to Nanming. Moving to Nanming, the peng raises a wave of three thousand li and, supported and swayed by it. soars ninety thousand li high. flies for six months and then you rest.

Yuan Ke reports that the kun fish and the peng bird are two incarnations of Yuqiang, the god of the sea. which "had the body of a fish, the arms and legs of a man, and sat on two dragons."

Goddess Kali and Rakshasas

RAGANA

In Latvian and Lithuanian mythology , a witch She can fly through the air, sometimes rides a goat or moves in the form of a cat. Ragana can also turn into a pig, horse, snake, fish, worm and bird. As a rule, she does not drown in water (unless she has there is no iron object) and does not burn in the fire of Ragan - the witch is evil and constantly harms people - she sends damage, turns into animals, etc., and also torments livestock. There are legends about the Ragan school, which is located somewhere in Germany. Ragana's favorite delicacy is peas.

GLAD

See LOA.

RAINBOW KITE

In the myths of the Australian aborigines, the dragon is a monstrous multi-colored serpent. In many plots, it acts as the first ancestor.

SHELLNIK

In Scottish folklore, a malevolent beast. It lives in running water and is covered with shells that strum when the shell moves. He loves to make fun of travelers: he makes a commotion on the shore. calls for help and rattles shells like castanets, and when the traveler rushes to the rescue, the shell man douses him with water and disappears with a loud laugh

RAKSHAS

The shellfish is waiting for the victim in ambush

Demons in ancient Indian mythology . Unlike asura ditch. who are at enmity with the gods in the main, rakshasas are the enemies of people Raksh aces are a great many, but they are all concerned with only one thing - how to harm people more. For example, there are bharma- rakshasas who indulge in the weaknesses of a brahmin, steal property - in a word, in every possible way lead astray. The appearance of Rakshasas is ugly and disgusting - they are one-eyed, horned, with several heads. They are werewolves who can take on any form. The Mahabharata says that the Rakshasas are the descendants of one of the sons of Brahma: “And the sons of the wise Pulastya are the Rakshasas.

RAPAITS

monkeys and kinnars. People who have been cursed can also become Rakshasas.

A.N. Afanasiev speaks of Rakshasas as follows: “Rakshasas - giants with bristly hair, open mouths and sharp, protruding teeth, were recognized as terrible cannibals ... grabbing an unfortunate victim, they drag her into the air, cut her belly and get drunk blood, and after this feast they indulge in dancing ... "

Rakshasas are divided into ordinary and royal. The latter include the direct descendants of Pulastya. Rakshasas are common - as a rule, female. They can pretend to be people for a long time, but at the sight of fresh meat they instantly acquire their true appearance.

King Ravana rules the Rakshasas. who has ten heads. He led an ascetic life for ten thousand years in order to propitiate Brahma, and Brahma awarded Ravana with the gift of invulnerability. After that, Ravana "started into all serious trouble" - he expelled his brother, defeated Indra, forced the gods to serve him. Only the god Vishnu, who was born in the body of a mortal, Rama, could defeat Ravana. Rama killed the Rakshasa by hitting him with an arrow in the heart. This myth is fully expounded in the epic story "Ramayana".

Indian tradition knows marriage

A giant with a sacrifice in his hand. Illustration by T. Hefner for "The Tale of Sinbad the Sailor", 1958

according to the Rakshasa method - one in which a girl is forcibly kidnapped after her parents or relatives are killed (winn) in a battle.

RAPAITS

In West Semitic mythology, the inhabitants of the realm of the dead, vaguely reminiscent of Roman mans. On the other hand, the rapaites are somewhat reminiscent of Haitian zombies, these creatures are a kind of people who survived death and were revived again.

RAROG

In Slavic mythology, a fiery spirit in the form of a bird with sparkling feathers or a dragon bursting with flame , as well as a fiery whirlwind. Rarog hatches into the light from an egg, which a person hatches on the stove for nine days.

RAHMANS

In Russian apocryphal legends, a wonderful people, the descendants of Seth, one of the sons of Adam; inhabitants of a fabulous country, the Rahman Island. This island, also called Macarean, is located in the Ocean, beyond the edge of the earth. The “Lay of the Rahmans” describes the island as follows: “And on that island ... no fruits ever become scarce in all seasons, because in one place it blooms, in another it grows, and in the third they harvest. Huge and hard-to-reach Indian nuts grow here, with an extremely pleasant smell, and there is a magnet stone. Rahmans do not know lies, they do not know natural needs and sorrows, they live without labor. The same “Lay about the Rahmans” reports: “URahman, the people are pious, and they live completely without acquisition ... they live naked by the river and always praise God. They have no quadrupeds, no agriculture, no iron, no temples... no fire, no gold... no wine, no meat-eating... no king, no buying, no selling, no strife, no fights, no envy ... neither theft nor robbery ... they do not strive for satiety, but are saturated with sweet rain moisture and are free from all diseases and decay, are content with a small amount of fruits and sweet water, and sincerely believe in God, and pray without ceasing "

Statue of Brahma. Mirpur Khas. Bronze with gilding. Vv. Lahore, Central Museum

According to the apocrypha, men and women of the rahman live separately and meet only once a year. “When the wife gives birth to two children, then her husband no longer goes to her, and she also does not get close to anyone, observing great abstinence. And if she turns out to be barren, and if her husband comes to her for five years and stays with her and she does not give birth, then he no longer appears to her. That is why their country is not crowded, because they have few pleasures and abstinence is observed.

REMORA

In “Serbian Alexandria, it is said that the rahman prophesied the following to Alexander: “When you master the whole world and the world, you will not see your state and fatherland now, and when you acquire everything earthly, then you will inherit hell.” with them, and only "concern for the Macedonians" drove him further

David with the head of Goliath. Bronze statue by Donatello. 1440-43 Florence. National Museum

REMORA

In Jewish folklore, a huge fish is the companion of Leviathan. She was friendly to people and often brought ships to the shore that were in distress. However, she was easily angry, and then she could swallow the ship whole - especially if one of the sailors threw a harpoon at her. Still, Remora had the ability to envelop the ship with an invisible cloud that protected him from the storm that raged at sea.

REPHAIMS

In Judaic mythology and the books of the Old Testament, giants possessed great strength. - the oldest population of Khan on One of the Rephaims was Goliath slain by David From the Rephaims, the hunter Nimvrod inherited his growth. It was the Rephaims who were the first to use animal meat in writing and then turned into cannibals. They were born by mortal women from fallen angels. and inherited from their fathers the power over nature. A special variety of rephaims were anak pits - giants with a long neck, who exterminated each other and after death turned into evil spirits.

The Bible says, “Thy dead shall live, dead bodies shall rise! Arise and rejoice, cast down in the dust, for Thy dew is the dew of plants, and the earth will vomit up the dead.”

RZHANITSY

See MIDNIGHTS.

Rzhitsa

See MIDNIGHTS

RIBHU

In ancient Indian mythology, demigods associated with fertility and wealth. They achieved godhood because of their commitment to good deeds. There are three ribhus: Ribhu k-shan, Vibhvan and Vaja; they made for Indra his chariot. Ribhu support the sky. In general, they are considered heavenly artisans, helpers of the gods.

RISHI

In ancient Indian mythology, there are seven divine sages, who, according to some sources, after death turned into the constellation Ursa Major. Along with the mythical rishis, semi-legendary rishis are known - they made up separate parts of the Rigveda - and real ones (ascetics, gurus, etc.)

ROANS

Fairies in Scottish folklore . who live in the water and only from time to time come to land. In the sea they swim under the guise of seals, and when they go out on land, they shed their skins. They live in underwater palaces of mother-of-pearl and pearls.

Roans are the most good-natured and timid of all faeries.

Nara Narayani - two sages-rishis, revered as the incarnation of Vishnu. Relief on the Temple of Das Avatar. Deogarh. OK. 500g.

The tale says that once a hunter tried to kill a male seal with a knife, but the lit wounded him and, in addition, dropped the knife into the sea. In the evening there was a knock on his door. On the threshold, holding a horse, stood a stranger who said that he had been sent to make a deal: they say. if the hunter gets so many skins, he will be well paid. If he agrees, then here is the horse, and the customer is waiting nearby. They mounted a horse; he rushed off at a gallop and soon caught up with a rock sticking out of the sea. Here

ROBIN HOOD

the stranger seized the hunter and jumped into the sea with him. They sank to the very bottom and were surrounded by seals. The hunter, who also turned into a seal, was given a knife and asked: “Is this yours?” He admitted. Then his guide said: "You hurt my father and only you can heal him." The hunter did exactly what he was told, and the wound healed before his eyes. After that, they demanded an oath from the hunter that he would stop killing seals, and they let him go home. And at the threshold of his house, he found a bag of gold.

Robin the Good Guy, aka

Robin Hood

ROBIN HOOD

In English folklore, a noble robber who robbed noble people and distributed all the booty to the poor. Together with his detachment of free shooters, Robin IVd lived in Sherwood Forest. Folklore tradition identifies Robin Jude with Robin the Good Kid; the Puritans considered him a demon. By the way, according to legend, free shooters often entered into an agreement with the devil. According to this agreement, the shooter handed over his soul to the devil, and in return, he directed all the arrows fired by the person right on target.

ROBIN GOOD SMALL

In English folklore, the most famous of the hobgoblins , He became famous thanks to Shakespeare, who brought him out in his play A Midsummer Night's Dream. The fairy that Robin is talking to says:

“Yes, you ... I’m not mistaken, perhaps: Habits, appearance ... are you Robin the Good Guy? The one that scares rural needlewomen. Breaks them and spoils the handles of the mills. It prevents the oil from knocking down on the sly. It skims the cream off the milk. Now it interferes with fermenting yeast in mash, At night it leads travelers in a ravine:

But if someone calls him a friend, - He helps those, brings happiness to the house. *

*(Translated by T. Shchepkina-Kupernik)

There is a book called "Good Guy Robin, his crazy jokes and funny pranks." According to the author of this book, Robin is a half-breed, the son of the faerie king Oberon and a village woman. At the tender age of six, he ran away from home, and until then he had no miraculous powers. One day he fell asleep in the forest, and woke up. I saw a golden scroll with the texts of spells nearby; it was a gift from Oberon. His father endowed him with the gift of shapeshifting and ordered him to use his talents for the evil of unrighteous people and for the good of the good. He was promised that if he fulfilled the order, he would eventually be brought to the Magic Land.

ROGGENMEME

See BILVIZA.

CHILDREN

In the mythology of the Eastern Slavs, the goddesses of fate They are present at birth and determine the fate of the baby. These are beautiful maidens in white robes. Women in labor have a special book with them, where future events in the life of each person are recorded. All people have their own women in labor, and the god Rod rules over them.

A.N. Afanasiev notes: “Along with other pagan gods, prayers were sent to the Family and women in childbirth, sacrifices were made and ritual meals were established, i.e. maternity feasts, at which those present ate and drank from sacrificial offerings, proclaimed songs in honor of the Family and women in childbirth and prayed them to be supportive of the newborn baby, take him under his protection and give him happiness.

BORN AND TSY

See ORISNITSY.

CHRISTMAS PERFUME

ROGGENMEME

In the mythology and folklore of European peoples, creatures that appear among people on Christmas and New Year. This is Santa Claus, Santa Claus, Christmas Santa,

RUDZU RUNGITIS

Frau Holle and her companions are perch. Befana, etc. All of them, on the eve of the holidays, distribute gifts to good people and punish the bad ones.

RUDZU RUNGITIS

See RUNGIS.

RUDR

In ancient Indian mythology , deities associated with the god of rage, Rudra. According to various sources, there are eight, eleven - or thirty-three. Sometimes the Rudras are identified with the Maruts.

RUNGIS

In Latvian mythology, the home spirit is something like a Slavic brownie. He brings grain to the house. This is a werewolf who most often takes the form of a black cat.

RUPAVACHARA

In Buddhist mythology , the deities who live in Rupadhatu - the world located between the "world of desire" (Kamadhatu) and the "world without form" (Arupadhatu); all these worlds

Mermaids belong to Brahmaloka, that is, to the highest

divine realms. Rupavachara do not need food or clothing (at birth, they are enveloped in a certain cover, and at the same time a house appears).

MERMAIDS

In Slavic mythology, supernatural creatures into which the pledged dead (see DOMOVIK) turn female are drowned, strangled, suicidal, and also cursed by their parents. D.K. Zelenin reports: “mermaids and other water spirits are the personification of dead people who died from suicide or were cursed by their father or mother.”

The image of mermaids on a book miniature of the 18th century.

falls in love at first sight. Numerous legends confirm that mermaids are not spirited.

These are beautiful girls (sometimes ugly old women) with flowing hair (usually green, rarely blond). A characteristic feature in the appearance of mermaids is long, large breasts. Mermaids can be found on the banks of water bodies, where they comb their hair.

or in the forest - they love to swing on the branches. Mermaids come out of the water to the Trinity and wander overland until St. Peter's Day. D.K. Zelenin gives the following description:“Women who have laid hands on themselves are taken to krusalki. Having received such a female soul in his possession, the main boss of evil spirits gives the command to cook it in a cauldron, with various drugs and potions, which makes the woman an extraordinary beauty and forever young: they usually live in rivers, and from Trinity Day to Petrov wander the earth, hover in the forests, choosing old trees as their shelter, especially oaks: swinging on tree branches or unwinding yarn, stealing it from the villagers who go to bed without prayer. The imagination of the people draws mermaids naked and with loose hair. Mermaids hate women and seduce men. No man can resist their dazzling beauty andendure women, but in every way they try to seduce men. They also spoil crops, drown people in water, especially at noon, kill, tickle to death, drive mad, etc.: in addition, they can send pestilence on

livestock, send heavy rains and hail.

The amulets against mermaids are the cross; a circle drawn on the ground, overshadowed by the sign of the cross; garlic; iron - be it a needle, a pin or a knife; pokers and firebrands Even when meeting with a mermaid, it is enough to tell her. how many teeth the harrow has, and the mermaid will immediately perish. When a mermaid calls a person by name, one should remain silent: not knowing the name, she is unable to harm. In addition, some plants, in particular, wormwood and lovage, also protect against mermaids.

Aquarium with a mermaid. Karl Marx, 1964

as well as nettles.

With V Maximov says: “In addition to church incense ... against the spells and machinations of mermaids, another drug was found that is equivalent to the sacred willow and candles of Holy Week - this is wormwood, a cursed grass, kneeless. You just need to use its power and apply it skillfully in practice. Leaving after Trinity Day in the forest. you need to take this grass with you. The mermaid will certainly run up and ask: - What do you have in your hands: wormwood or parsley?

- Wormwood.

- Hide under the tyn. she screams loudly and

will quickly run past. At this very time, you need to have time to throw this grass right into the mermaid's eyes. If you say "parsley", then the mermaid will answer: - Oh, you are my darling - and will begin to tickle until then. until the person foams at the mouth. and he will not fall like a dead man, face down.

D.K. Zelenin quotes the autobiography of the “Odessa Archpriest Sokolov”, in which he says about mermaids as follows: “These are young female creatures, they walk naked, without shoes and without a cover on their heads. Their body is as white as snow: their face is as bright as the rising moon: their hair ... in long curls spread over their shoulders. They are light as fluff, quickly run from tree to tree, jump from branch to branch and swing on the branches, clean

ROC

and in a gentle voice of the viola they call their friends... They don't like girls and young women, and when they see one in the forest, they attack her, tear off her clothes and drive her out of the forest with branches. But the men are surrounded with laughter, their clothes are torn until they are completely naked, then they are grabbed from behind under the armpits, they are tickled into laughter and tickled until they faint. Then, showering them with kisses, they take them in their arms and bring them invisible into the house and lay them on their bed, and the married one - by his wife's side. Mermaids do not like old men and women and hide; they only hear the voices of mermaids and see how the branches sway under them when they sway.

Mavkas are special varieties of mermaids . fevers and pharaohs.

Roc carries Sinbad

ROC

In Arabic mythology and "eastern" European legends, a giant bird. The Travels of Marco Polo says: “The inhabitants of the island of Madagascar say that at certain times of the year ... they have an unusual bird called Roc. It looks like an eagle, but only incomparably larger. The Rukh bird is so strong that it can lift an elephant in its claws, fly up into the sky with it and drop it down from a height ... Those who have seen this bird assure that its wingspan is sixteen steps, and the length of the feather is eight steps. .

The bird Rukh penetrated into European legends thanks to the fairy tales “Thousand and One Nights”. On his second journey, Sinbad the Sailor (nights 543-4) remains alone on a wonderful island and sees a huge white dome in front of him:“And I went up to this dome and walked around it, but did not find doors in it and did not feel the strength and agility in myself to climb it ... Iya ... walked around the dome, measuring its circumference, and suddenly it turned out to be fifty full steps. And I began to come up with a trick. which would help me enter this dome ... and suddenly the sun disappeared, and the air darkened, and the sun blocked me from me And I thought that a cloud had found a cloud in the sun ... and I was surprised and raised my head and ... huge body and wide wings, which flew through the air, and it was she who covered the eye of the sun and blocked it over the island. Iya... remembered a story... that on some islands there is a huge bird called ar-ruhh, which feeds its children with elephants. And I was convinced... that the dome that I saw was an egg from ruhkha eggs.. In the same fairy tales.“Thousand and One Nights” says that the roc feeds not only on elephants, but also on karkadans.

WHALE

In Russian folklore, a huge fish, as it is said in the Deep Book, is the mother of all fish:

“The whale fish is the mother of all fish.

Why is the whale fish the mother of all fish?

The earth is based on three pillars.

There is a whale-fish - it will not stir;

When will the whale-fish turn. Then mother earth will shake.

Then our white light will end, -

Therefore, the whale-fish is the mother of all fish!

In some fairy tales and legends, the whale fish is identified with the island fish.

FISH ISLAND

In Arabic and European folklore, a huge fish that sailors unknowingly mistake for an island. P.P. Ershov in his "Humpbacked Horse" describes this fish as follows:

"Here he enters the clearing

Directly to the sea-okiyanu;

Across it lies Miracle Yudo Fish whale. All its sides are pitted, Palisades are driven into the ribs, Cheese-boron makes noise on the tail, The village stands on its back: Peasants plow on the lip. The boys are dancing between the eyes, And in the oak forest, between the mustaches, The girls are looking for mushrooms...

He bears torment for that. What is without God's command

Swallowed among the seas Three dozen ships. If he gives them freedom. God will take away his misfortune.

Instantly all wounds will heal. Will reward with a long century ...

Fish Goddess Middle East Between the 17th and 18th centuries. BC.

Sinbad the Sailor encountered a fish-island in the first of his travels (nights 328-9) . those who were on the ship went down to this island. And they

made yourself hot

go up and light a fire on them and do various things ... And when we were spending time like this, the owner of the ship suddenly stood on the edge of the deck and shouted at the top of his voice. - O peaceful travelers, hasten to board the ship and hurry to board it! Leave your belongings and run to save your soul!.. The island you are on is not an island, it is a big fish.

which sank into the sea, and covered it with sand, and it became like an island, and trees have been growing on it since ancient times. And when you lit a fire on her, she felt hot and stirred, and she will now sink into the sea with you, and you will all drown .. And the travelers heard the words of the captain and hurried and hurried to board the ship and left their things

RYUBETSAL

and belongings and boilers and braziers. And some of them reached the ship, and some did not reach, and the island stirred and sank to the bottom of the sea with everything that was on it, and the roaring sea closed over it, where the waves beat.

RYUBETSAL

In German folklore, mischievous spirits lead travelers astray. They are werewolves who can take on any form. You can’t list everything - the scarlet can spread into a lumberjack and a monk, into a charcoal burner and into a hunter, into a beast and into a bird ... In a word, he doesn’t

it's hard to turn around

fish city

anyone. Riubetsali out of pure mischief make rains and snowfalls, turn ripe fruits into gold or disfigure people into garbage - they grow beards for girls, and horns for men. They live in wooded hills and mountains.

The legend says that once a cunning merchant sold a piece of cloth to a peasant for fifty ducats. He was terribly glad that he had cheated a simpleton, and therefore did not notice that the peasant was unusual. It was the Rubetsal who pretended to be a peasant, and therefore

fifty ducats in the merchant's pocket turned into mice. Only in the evening the merchant caught the last mouse, but it was too late: they gnawed all the fabrics in his warehouse.

There is a story about how a certain woman once strongly offended a rubetsal, and he decided to take revenge. One day, a traveling merchant approached the woman’s house, from whom she bought lipstick, blush and face cream. And when she smeared herself with cream and looked in the mirror, she saw that her skin had become dark brown. No matter how hard a woman tries. She never managed to return her normal color to her face.

SABDAG

In Tibetan mythology, local deities are ugly creatures with a human body and the head of an animal. They are usually hostile to people, send pestilence and plague, but they can be propitiated by special rites. Lha belong to sabdag .

SAJI XI N

In Korean mythology, the patrons of the earth and cereals. The spirits of the earth are kuksadan, the spirits of cereals are called kukchitan.

SADHIA

In ancient Indian mythology, demigods who personified religious rites and prayers. According to the Mahabharata (Adiparva), they were born together with the Vishvedevas. adityami vasu. Pisachas Guhyaks, Yaksas and Ashvins.

SALAMANDER

In the folklore of European peoples and the alchemical tradition, a lizard-like creature that does not burn in fire. Pliny the Elder believed that the salamander is so cold that it can extinguish an arbitrarily hot flame. The salamander has the body of a cat, webbed wings and a snake tail, and the breath is poisonous. Alchemists often turned to them for help when they needed to turn lead into gold: salamanders maintained the necessary temperature in the crucible. According to some reports, the skin of the salamander is asbestos. Salamanders can be found on the slopes of volcanoes during an eruption, they are also able to appear on their own in hot flames. Even an ordinary match will not be lit if the salamander does not wish it.

Salamander does not burn in fire

Manly P. Hall reports: “Man cannot successfully communicate with salamanders because of the fiery element in which they dwell, because everything they come into contact with turns to ashes ...

Salamanders... divided into groups.

There are many families of salamanders,

differing in shape, size and nobility, .. One of the most important types of sala mandra is actinichi. These creatures appeared only in the form of fireballs... Salamanders were the strongest and most powerful of all elemental spirits... Since the ancients associated fire with the south, this part of the world was attributed to the salamanders as their habitat: they extended their influence beings with a fiery temperament."

Salvanello

SALVANELLI

In Italian folklore, forest spirits are creatures. good-natured and mischievous. They trade in that. that flocks of sheep graze and never miss an opportunity to steal milk from their neighbors. They also braid the manes and tails of the horses and ride them all night long. so that by morning the animals can hardly stand on their feet.

In addition, Salvanelli, like many other spirits, love to knock travelers astray. Taking human form, they run along the forest paths - and suddenly disappear with loud laughter, and the traveler discovers. that stands on the edge of Te. who inadvertently steps on the traces of salvanelli. get lost on their own. And the only way to get out in this case is to go backwards.

Despite their mischief, Salvanelli are not at all cruel. They steal children (mostly girls of two or three years old), not out of spite, but because they like to play with them. They carefully bring up the kidnapped girls in their forest caves.

Salvanelli are about three feet tall, dress in red, their skin is reddish, covered with wool, they themselves are very thin, one might say, skinny They come from marriages of Salvans and Aguane

Tradition says that Salvanelli once stole a child from a farmer. It was only when he returned to the cave that he realized that he had stolen the boy, although he planned to steal the girl.

Salvanelli rushed back, burst into the kitchen, where the unsuspecting farmer and his wife were sitting, and shouted:

- Take him away! Take it back! I do not need him! It's not a girl!

The parents gladly took the child away, and Salvanelli could not calm down for a long time.

There is a story about that. that the farmer left freshly milked milk unattended. When he returned, the milk was gone. The farmer guessed that this was the work of Salvanelli, and decided to teach him a lesson. The next evening he poured strong red wine into a bucket and hid himself.

Salvanelli carefully sniffed the strange milk, tasted it, and liked it so much that he drained the bucket to the bottom. Naturally, he became drunk, and when he came to, he saw that he was bound hand and foot.

“Tell me, friend,” the farmer asked, “why do you need my milk when you have your own?”

- I drink yours, and I make cheese from mine. Salvanelli answered.

The farmer had never heard of cheese. When he promised to release Salvanelli, he told him the recipe for cheese. And in parting he said:

- If you had kept me longer, I would have taught you how to make wax from whey.

Until now, many farmers believe that wax can be made from whey - if, of course, you know how.

Salvan on a unicorn. Sketch by master E.S.

SALVANES

In Italian folklore, shaggy forest creatures, aguana husbands They take care of the trees in the forest They are much less common than aguana They are so timid that they prefer not to leave the forest even in winter and huddle in huts made of snow and ice. The growth of salvana per person. They have long fingernails and wear clothes made of bear or cow cord. Salvans are almost always hungry.

The story goes that one day the farmer was so tired that he fell asleep right in the hay.

SAMOVILY

le. In the middle of the night he woke up and saw that

moonlight seeps through the cracks into the barn. - What a wonderful evening! - exclaimed

farmer.

“Not evening, but night,” someone corrected in a rough voice.

The farmer grabbed a sickle and cut off the hand that had opened the door with a single swing. Sullivan howled and ran away. In the morning, the farmer saw that the hand was lying at the door, and on each of its fingers was a golden ring. He hurried to sell the rings and became a rich man.

P. Vanucci. Apollo and Marsyas

com.

SAMOVILY

See FORK.

SAMODIVES

See Pitchfork.

SANGUN

See SANSIN.

SANCILLEN

See SANSIN.

SANSIN

Mountain spirits in Korean mythology . According to folk beliefs, the spirits of ancestors live in the mountains, which eventually turn into sanshin. As a rule, these are male perfumes. The tiger is often the messenger of the Sanshin.

SASIN

Sacred animals in Korean mythology.

guardians of the corners of the world.

The green dragon Cheonnyeon guards the east, the white tiger Baekho guards the west, the red bird Chujak guards the south, and the black tortoise Hyunmu stands guard in the north. Chongnyen has a long snake body, four paws with sharp claws, and breathes fire; Baekho - a beast with a round head; Chudzhak looks like a red rooster with a high crest and bushy tail; Henmu is a turtle wrapped around a snake.

sasquatch

See SASKETCH.

SASKETCH

In the folklore of the Indians and other tribes of North America, a huge humanoid creature, shaggy and clumsy, in many ways similar to the Nepalese Yeti. One of those people who allegedly saw the Sasketch with his own eyes describes him like this: “At first I thought it was a grizzly. But then I realized: no, not a bear. He most of all looked like a hefty fellow about six feet tall and must have weighed at least three hundred pounds. And all, from head to toe, was covered with brown wool that was slightly silvery.

Numerous attempts by enthusiasts to refute or confirm folklore information have not yet led to anything: the Sasketch has not yet been found.

satyr and nymph

SASU

See SASIN

SATIRES

In Greek mythology , demons, together with the Sileni , made up the retinue of the god Dionysus. Satyrs are shaggy and bearded, their legs end in goat (sometimes horse) hooves; other characteristic features of the appearance of satyrs are horns on the head, a horse's tail and a human torso. Satyrs are distinguished by inexhaustible lust, they constantly pursue nymphs and are not averse to drinking and fighting.

There is a myth about how the satyr Marsyas picked up a flute thrown by the goddess Athena. He reached such great heights in playing the flute that he dared to challenge the god Apollo to a contest. Apollo playing the cithara.

SATIRES

Marsyas won and flayed his skin as punishment. Ovid in his Metamorphoses says:

“Only one told how the people of the Lycian tribe

Life has passed away, another about Satire

I. Jordan. Satyr visiting a peasant

Nile, which.

The son of Latona in the game is defeated on the Palladine flute.

They were punished. "Why are you ripping me off me?" -

Says. - “Oh, really,” he shouts, “it was not worth knowing the flute!”

So he called out, but the skin was torn off his arms and shoulders.

He became a solid wound. Blood flows through the body in jets.

Muscles are open, visible; without any cover

Satyr. Figure on a vase, 5th c. BC uh

tremble

Veins, beating: it is possible to count all the interior parts,

And transparent films were exposed in the chest of the membranes.

The villagers of the faun shed tears for him -

Gods of the forests. - and Olympus, already famous, and satires -

Brothers and nymphs and all. who then in the neighboring highlands

Herd of ore-bearing sheep or cattle of a herd of strong-horns.

They completely flooded it. and the earth moistened with tears

Immediately absorbed and absorbed into the deep veins:

Then turning into water, she brought them to the free air.

Here he is. on steep banks rushing to the greedy sea,

Marcia keeps the name, the brightest of the Phrygian streams. ”*

★ (Translated by S. Shervinsky)

sveksve

In the myths of the Indians of North America (Salish. Kwakiutl), celestial spirits that once descended to earth and settled at the bottom of a deep lake. They have bulging eyes, they constantly stick out their tongues. It was believed that svekswe cause earthquakes.

svekhve

See SVEKSVE.

SEBETT

In Sumero-Akkadian mythology, evil demons. Sebettu is seven, but they act as a single whole, In the Akkadian poem about the plague god Erra it is said:

A boat with two bodies. Babylon seal. II millennium BC e.

"At Sibitty's. incomparable fighters, a different nature.

Their birth is wonderful, they inspire fear.

Their appearance is terrible, death is their breath, People are afraid, they dare not approach... Anu. the king of the gods, knocked up the earth - She gave birth to seven gods, he called them Sibitti.

They stood before him, he appointed their fate.

He called one and gives a command:

"Wherever you run amok. you will not meet an opponent!

He says to the second: “Burn like a fire. blaze like a flame!"

He conjures a third: “Be like a lion, let him who sees you perish!”

To the fourth he says: “From the swing of your weapon, the mountain will collapse empty!”

To the fifth he says: “Dua is like the wind, stir up the whole earth!”

He orders the sixth: “Strike left and right, don’t have mercy on anyone!”

He supplied the seventh with snake venom: “Exterminate the living!”

As appointed the fate of all Sibitti Anu,

Erre, the warrior of the gods, he gave them: “Let them walk beside you.

When you get tired of the human hubbub

And you want to commit reprisals ...

May they become your formidable weapon, may they walk beside you!”*

Two-headed bird. Mesopotamian seal II millennium BC e.

Bird Man. From the seal of the Akkadian period

*(Translated by V. Jacobson)

SELKI

In some spells, the sebettu act as good gods at war with demons. As an astral deity, they personify the Pleiades.

SELKI

In the folklore of the inhabitants of Orkney and Shetland, the sea fairies are relatives of the Scottish roans. They are a seal people, kind creatures with brown eyes. Reindeer skins allow them to live in the sea, but they must emerge from time to time to take a breath of air. According to some sources, the selki are the descendants of people who were expelled at sea for their crimes. That's why they're so drawn to land. When the selki come ashore, they shed their skins and turn into hand-painted beauties. If the selki remains to steal the skin

Selkie -

seal people

properties, unlike

on dry land If she marries, her children will have small horns between their fingers, in addition, they will gain spruce

Selkies of Roans severely avenge insults by sending storms, overturning fishing boats, tearing nets and releasing fish into the wild. Selkies can be called upon to do this, at high tide, sit on a stone by the water and drop seven tears into the sea

The tale says that a certain river tank was walking along the shore and suddenly heard a ringing laugh. He crept closer and saw young people swimming in the sea. Seal skins lay on the sand nearby. Rbak stole one of them. When all the others turned into seals and swam away on the shore, there was only one pretty girl left. She begged the fisherman

SEMONS

to give the skin, but he fell in love with the girl at first sight and took her as his wife. They began to live together and were happy, but the fisherman's wife seemed to be weighed down by something: she sometimes looked longingly at the sea. Once the youngest daughter asked her what was in the stone shed - so silver, with brown stripes. The woman rushed into the barn, grabbed the skin and rushed to the sea. When she sailed away from the shore, she came across a boat in which a fisherman was sitting. He looked at the seal and recognized his wife's eyes, but it was too late.

SEMONS

In Roman mythology , the deities of the crops.

SERAPHIM

Six-winged seraph

In Jewish and Christian mythology , angels are especially close to God. The prophet Isaiah describes them this way: “In the year of the death of King Uzziah, I saw the Lord sitting on a high throne. and the hem of his robe filled the whole temple. Seraphim stood around Him: each of them had six wings: with two each one covered his face, and with two he covered his legs, and with two he flew. And they called to each other and said: Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord of hosts! The whole earth is full of His glory!” (Isaiah 6:1-3). According to the classification of Pseudo-Dionysius, together with cherubim and thrones , seraphim belong to the first triad:“... the Holy Thrones. the many-eyed and many-winged Orders, called in the language of the Jews Cherubim and Seraphim, according to the explanation of Holy Scripture, are in greater and more direct proximity to God before others ... speed, their ardent, constant, unrelenting and unswerving swiftness, also their ability to truly raise the lower to higher things, to excite and inflame them to a similar heat: it also means the ability, scorching and burning, thereby purifying them - always open, inextinguishable, constantly the same their light-like and enlightening power, driving away and destroying all obscuration.

SERVANS

In Italian and Swiss folklore, there are mischievous spirits that steal the most necessary things: keys, scissors, needles, pens, glasses ... Moreover, they still make fun of people who have been so cleverly fooled. tails to cows, drive horses onto the roofs. that jokes brought him to white heat. If the server is treated condescendingly. he will help with the housework, take care of the pets, and demand only a saucer of cream as a reward.

Servanas are no more than two feet tall and have cheerful, boyish faces. They are prone to shapeshifting and can take the form of goats. dogs and appear as big balls.

The legend says that one miller was haunted by a servan. He harassed the miller so much that the poor fellow was afraid to leave the mill for more than a couple of minutes: after all, as soon as he left, instead of flour, the sacks turned out to be dust and fallen leaves.

However, the miller did not show his irritation in any way, but only laughed in response to the servant's next trick. And finally he won: the servant was tired of playing pranks, and he began to help the miller.

SIBITTU

See SEBETTA.

SIBYLS (SIBILLES)

In Greek mythology, prophetesses, in sacred ecstasy, predicted the future. The sibyls gave their predictions in poetic form - in hexameter.

Pausanias traces the story of the Sibyls to a certain Herophilus: “There is a rock rising high above the earth. The Delphians say that. standing on it. a woman named Herophila sang her prophecies. and nicknamed the Sibyl ... She. according to my investigations. ascended along with others to the most ancient times.

The Greeks say that she was the daughter of Zeus and Lamia ... that of the women she was the first to sing her predictions and was ... called the Sibyl by the Libyans. Later, the tradition began to number from two to ten sibyls, each of which was named after its place of residence. The most famous to this day are the Delphic and Kumekaya Sibyls.

Libyan Sybil. Fresco by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. 1508-1512. Rome, Vatican

The Sibyls predicted the death of Troy and the eruption of Vesuvius, one of them patronized the hero Aeneas and predicted a great future for the Rome he founded. Kumekaya Sibyl, according to evidence

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, offered King Tarquinius Priscus to buy from her the so-called. "Sibylline Books" (there were nine in total). The king refused, and then she burned three, and a little later, three more. Finally, the king heeded the advice of the sages and bought the last three books. N.P. Sakharov gives a slightly different version of the legend about the number of sibyls and sibillin books: “The books of the sibyls were kept in the hands of women - the sibyls, who had the gift of divining and revealing the will of the gods. In the ancient world, there were twelve sibyls. Let's count them:

The Persian Sibyl, called Sambeta. Noah's daughter-in-law. prophesied in ambiguous verses from her book.
The Libyan Sibyl... who reproached people for idolatry.
The Delphic Sibyl... was the first to receive the name of the Sibyl. Scholars say that Homer drew some thoughts from her divinations.
The Eritrean Sibyl predicted the fall of Troy and... she knew the books of Moses.
Sibyl Cimmerian.
Sibyl of Samos.
Sibyl Kumekaya... the most famous of all... This Sibyl sold some of her books to Tarquinius the Proud. In Rome, books were kept in the temple of Capitoline Jupiter, underground, in a stone urn... the priests dealt with them in dubious cases of the state. During the burning of the Capitol, the Sivvilline books were also burned. After that, ambassadors were sent to different places to collect the Sibylline sayings, which Augustus laid at the foot of Apollo Palatine.
Sibyl of the Helesson.
Sibyl Phrygian 10. Sibyl Tiburins-

Delphic sibyl. Fresco by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. 1508-1512. Rome, Vatican

kaya.

Sibyl of Epirus.

Egyptian Sibyl.

In the Russian Black Book we do not find any concept of the Books of the Sibyls. Is it only to take into account that our sorceresses must certainly be ugly and terrible old women. But Western legends about the Sibyls have come down to us.

Ovid in his Metamorphoses recounts the myth of the Cuma Sibyl, with whom the god Apollo fell in love. The Sibyl, in response to the exclamation of Aeneas, who called her a goddess, replied:

"I'm not a goddess, oh no: sacred incense honor

I do not respect mortals. So that you don't wander into the unknown,

Know that eternal light was offered to me.

alien ending.

If I gave virginity to Phoebus in love.

He was full of hope, he hoped to seduce with gifts

My heart. - “Choose, oh clever maiden, whatever you want! -

Said. - you will get everything! - and, picking up a handful of dust.

Showing on the tubercle, I asked, stupid, so much

To meet the birth of days, how many dust particles are in that dust.

I missed one thing: to always stay young!

Meanwhile, he offered both years and eternal youth.

If I open myself to love. But Phoebe I reject the gift,

I remain forever in virgins: however, the happiest age

He fled away, and came, with a trembling step, the elder

Hilaya, - I have to endure her for a long time; already seven centuries

Survived: and more, to compare with that dust, three hundred I

Harvests must wait and fees of three hundred grapes.

The time will come, and me, rich in body. small

The days will be long; the limbs will shrink from old age.

Their weight will become insignificant: no one will believe. before

Gently burned to me that I liked

god. Perhaps,

Phoebus himself will not know - and will renounce his former love.

Here's how I'll change! I will not be visible, but the voice

One will recognize. - for the voice of fate will leave me.

★ (Translated by S. Shervinsky)

SIVKA-BURKA

In Russian folklore, a wonderful horse, which is also called things kaurka and humpbacked horse. A.N. Afanasiev cites a ballad that reads:

“Roaring burko in Turin.

He launched a spike like a snake -

V. M. Vasnetsov. Sivka-Burka. Fragment. 1926

Three hundred stallions got scared

They fled from the princely court,

And the princes and the boyars were frightened ... "

A. A. Korinfsky notes: “In the circle of Russian folk tales, the humpbacked horse is far from the last place. who had the power to fly in the twinkling of an eye with his rider to a faraway kingdom, to a faraway state. This ... skate appears - like a leaf in front of the grass - to the cry: "Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka, stand in front of me ...", etc. Ivan the Fool will fit into one ear as a gray wahlak man, and crawl out of the other - a swashbuckling good fellow. Miraculously, the owner, the rider of such a humpbacked horse, creates miracles for the whole world, gets everything he wants, not excluding either the firebird or the beautiful Tsar-Girl

When the sivka-burka

runs to the owner, flames burst from under his hooves, smoke pours from his ears. He rides above the standing forest, below the clouds

walker, small rivers are covered with its tail, and wide ones are jumped over. He grazes in the flowering steppes, but sometimes he looks into the village pastures, and then he can be caught and saddled.

siddhis

1 Demigods in ancient Indian mythology. living in the air. Siddhis are distinguished by purity and holiness. They have the following supernatural properties:

become infinitely small or large.
become extremely light or heavy:
instantly move to any point in space;
achieve what you want with the power of thought:
subjugate objects and time to your will:
seek supreme power.

2. In Jain mythology, jivas who have achieved liberation. Siddhas are devoid of any qualities other than all-righteousness and omniscience. They cannot return to samsara.

LEDS

In Irish and Scottish folklore, the heroic fairies of the Cid - correctly "shi" - are the aristocrats of Faerie. They are descended from the Tuatha De Dianne. Seeds are tall and beautiful so that people should never look at them. One touch of them is enough to drive a person crazy; seed arrows, with poison-soaked tips, kill on the spot. Queen Medb rules the Seeds - a beauty in a white silk robe, with blue eyes and long hair. Anyone who happens to see her will die of love and longing.

If the seeds are not bothered, they will not pay the slightest attention to the pod. They have their own life, their own worries - they graze the herds, drink whiskey, play music. Seeds do not refuse offerings, but these offerings are best left at a certain distance from the hills in which they live. For it is known that the Sid kidnap the careless and turn them into their slaves. Those who finally manage to escape, until the end of their days, cannot recover from the experienced shock; such people become madmen, prophets or healers.

Seeds should be avoided most on Beltane and Halloween Eve (May 1 and October 31), when they move from their "summer quarters" to

SIKATS

"winter" and vice versa, as well as the whole month of May - at dusk, before dawn and at noon.

In the Irish saga "The Disappearance of Condla the Beautiful, son of Cond of the Hundred Battles," it is said that a girl from the Seeds seduced a young man for a long time. She told him:

Silenus with the infant Dionysus. Roman marble copy after a Greek original by the sculptor Lysippus (2nd half of the 4th century BC). Paris - Louvre

“- I came from the country of the living, from the country where there is neither death nor adversity. There we have an uninterrupted feast. that doesn't need to be cooked. We live in a large side *, and therefore we are called the tribe of the side.

Come with me my beloved.

A golden crown will cover your purple face.

To honor your regal appearance.

Wish only - and never fade Neither youth nor the beauty of your features. Captivating until the end of the century.

Twice the druids managed to break the spell of the sid, but on the third time. when the girl sang:

“- For a long time you have been attracted by a sweet desire, You want to be carried away with me over the wave. If you enter my glass boat, We will reach the realm of the Victorious.

There is another country, far away.

She is dear to those who find her.

At least I see. the sun is setting. We will reach it, far away, until the night. *

★ (Translated by A. Smirnov)

The young man jumped into a glass boat and sailed away with the girl, and was never seen again among the people.

SIKATS

In ancient Indian mythology, tiny creatures, sages, personifying grains of sand. See PRESCH.

STRENGTHS

In Greek mythology , demons related to fertility. Together with the satyrs , the Silenei form the retinue of the god Dionysus. Like satyrs, they have horse tails and hooves; they are ugly - thick lips and bulging eyes. Silenes are quarrelsome and prone to drunkenness. Nevertheless, wisdom distinguishes them;

so in Virgil's "Eclogues" a half-drunk strong expounds cosmogony to listeners

There is a famous myth about King Midas who caught Silenus Dionysus asked Midas to release the prisoner, promising to fulfill any desire of the king Midas wished that everything he touched would turn into gold Nf the king almost died of hunger, for the food he took instantly became gold. Then he turned to Dionysus with a prayer, God ordered him to bathe in the source, which since then became golden and Midas got rid of the divine “gift”.

FORCE

As soon as Midas touched anything, everything turned into gold.

In Christian mythology, one of the nine angelic ranks Together with dominions and powers , forces make up the second triad. Pseudo-Dionysius says , “The name of the holy Powers means some powerful and irresistible courage, communicated to them as far as possible, reflecting < I in all their God-like actions in order to remove all that from themselves. what could reduce and weaken the Divine illuminations bestowed on them by those who strongly aspire to God

zania, which does not remain idle from laziness, but steadily looks at the highest and all-strengthening Power and. as much as possible, according to its own strength, becoming Her image, completely turned to Her as the source of Forces and God-like descending to the lower forces to impart power to them.

sylphs

In the alchemical and theosophical tradition, this is the name of the spirits of the air, along with the dwarfs, salamanders and undines , which make up the alchemical quartet. The sylphs have dragonfly wings; for some reason, it is they who are most often confused with fairies . It is alleged that the sylphs

live on islands washed by the air. They appear and disappear with lightning speed. Manly P. Hall remarks: “... both in sight, and in hearing, and intellect, and in everything else, they differ from mortals in the same way. as far as air differs in purity from water, or ether from air. The sylphs have a changeable temperament, they cannot stay in one place for a long time and constantly wander, using

as cloud vehicles.

Simurgh

SIMURG (SIMORG)

In Iranian mythology, a prophetic bird. The Shahnameh says that the Simurgh nursed Zal, the father of the hero Rustam, in his nest. According to some sources, there were two simurghs - good and evil. It was the good one who fed Zal, subsequently healed Rustam and helped him defeat the invulnerable warrior Isfandiyar. The evil simurgh fell at the hands of the same Isfandiyar.

Jorge L. Borges mention-

Siren

nayet in his essays "The Conversation of the Birds" - a mystical poem by Faridaddin Abu Talib Muhammad bin Ibrahim Attar. According to Faridaddin, the birds, whose king Simurgh had long since disappeared, were tired of the anarchy that had no end in sight, and went in search of the king. They crossed seven valleys (or seven seas) and finally reached the royal mountain. And there they learned that the Simurgh is themselves, all together and each bird separately.

xingsin

In ancient Chinese mythology, a wonderful animal. Yuan Ke describes it like this: “In the vicinity of the Xiaoyang country, there were very curious xingxing animals, with a dog body and a human face. Their eyes and noses looked very stern. These animals were very smart and could talk like a human. When they saw people, they hid. Xingshin could call people by name and

Siren. To Corvinus Frankfurt am Main, 1579

surnames. In order to catch an animal, people in the remote mountains put several jugs of wine, several cups and scoops and wooden sandals near them, while the Animals themselves hid, seeing the things arranged, guessed that people had set some kind of trap, and began to scold people in every possible way, sorting through all relatives up to the eighth generation. They argued for so long that their throats were dry and they needed something to drink. Meanwhile, the vinous aroma reached their nostrils. The Shinshin were afraid to fall into the trap, but the thirst made themtaste a little to see if there is anything dangerous in the wine. The bravest of them approached the jugs, stretched out their hand and dipped their finger. Then scoops were used, and then cups of Xingsin from cups and scoops, with a din and a cry, drank as much wine as they could. They emptied all the jugs to the bottom. And when drunk, they found wooden sandals on the ground. Everyone vying with each other rushed to put them on, pretending to be people, but without going even three or five steps, they stumbled and fell to the ground. People hiding nearby ran out and tightly tied them with ropes.

According to the Book of Mountains and Seas, the body of a xingxing is not a dog, but a pig.

SIRENS

Siren Seal from Ur Mesopotamia, 3000 BC

In Greek mythology , demons in female form. According to Apollodorus, they were born from the muse Melpomene and Achelous. the god of the river of the same name. These are half-women, half-birds, who inherited the voice of divine beauty from their mother. They live on an island whose rocks are littered with the bones and dried skin of victims - sirens lure sailors to the island with their singing, and then kill them. Gemer talks about that. how the sirens tried to lure Odysseus to them:

A. Pointe. Siren

“First of all, from the magical singing of the sirens and from the meadow

The goddess ordered us to evade their flower-bearing

But she allowed me to hear their voice, before, however.

To the mast I bark with a bleached rope reliable tight

You bind me so that I am completely motionless; when

I will ask or order strictly so that you take off me

Bonds - bind my arms and legs with double bonds.

So I spoke only what was necessary to my people, opening

That sometimes our strong-built ship, sailing, approached

To the island of terrible sirens, escorted

Siren of Raven, Paris, 1575

light passing

The wind but suddenly the wind calmed down and silence reigned

On the sea .

Then I sealed the ears of my comrades with wax, but I

With a thick rope they tied them hand and foot

To the mast so tightly that I can not move anything.

Dark moisture foamed again under strong oars

But at a distance, in which the calling voice is

Intelligible, Sirens saw our ship sailing by

With the shore, he caught up with them, they sang loudly ...

drawn

With my heart to listen to my comrades, I gave a sign to immediately

My bonds have loosed; they are double strength

We started rowing: oh, he came up to me. Perimedes with Eurylochus

With new stronger bonds they pulled my arms and legs together.

But when our ship departed and heard more

We could no longer hear the voice or the song of the poor sirens.

Faithful companions took out softened wax, which

I taped their ears, and they untied me from the mast.

★ (Translated by V. Zhukovsky)

When the sirens saw that they had failed to lure Odysseus and his companions, they became so angry that they took their own lives in a fit of rage.

Siren, nourishing the soul. Xanthos, circa 500 BC. British Museum, London

R. Ifaves in his “Myths of Ancient Greece” notes: “Sirens were carved on stone tombstones in the form of angels of death, singing funeral songs to the sounds of a lyre. In addition, they were credited with erotic thoughts regarding the heroes they mourned. Since it was believed that the soul parted with the body in the form of a bird, then the sirens ... were portrayed as birds of prey, which are just waiting to take possession of the departed soul ... It was believed that they were especially dangerous in calm weather, at noon .. ."

SIRIN

In Byzantine and Slavic legends, a wonderful bird. Sirin has a human appearance, the singing of this bird is so beautiful that it instantly drives away sadness and melancholy; on the other hand, only a happy person can hear the Sirin. According to the Old Russian alphabet

sisyutl

Sirin bird. Russian drawn lubok

ku 17th century “The bird of the word sirines is humanoid, existing near the holy paradise ... but they blame the bird of paradise for sweetness for the sake of her songs.”

SISIYUTL

In the mythology of the Indians of North America (Kwaki Utl) , a sea serpent, a two-headed monster capable of killing with a glance. His heads are located at different ends of the body. Only one who is infallible even in thoughts can defeat a sisiutl.

SKATZAMURYEDDU

See LAURA.

SKILLA (SCILLA)

In Greek mythology

otherwise:

Serpent's Head: Temple of Quetzalcoatl at Teotihuacan

sea monster. It lived in a cave on one side of a narrow strait ( Charybdis lived on the other). Skilla had six dog heads, three rows of teeth in each mouth, and twelve legs. However. Ovid claims that the appearance of Skilla was “Skilla here on the right, and there restless, on the left. Charybdis

They rage: this ship will devour, capture, and vomit:

The same ferocious dogs girdled the black bosom. -

Devye at the same time her face. Kohl poets legacy

Everything is not entirely a lie, then once she was a virgin.

Many asked her suitors: and rejecting all.

To the nymphs of the sea - for the nymphs she was very kind -

She walked and told stories about the love of the young

the unlucky." *

★ (“Metamorphoses” Translated by S. Shervinsky)

The sea god Glaucus fell in love with Skilla. Irritated by her refusal, he turned to the sorceress Kirke (Circe) for help, and she, out of jealousy for GDavka, turned Skilla into a monster.

Homer says that Odysseus managed to sail past Skilla and Charybdis, who lost six companions:

“We, seized with pale horror.

In trembling their eyes fixed on the threatening death.

Toyu sometimes from the ship of six, distinguished by their vigorous

By the strength of his comrades, seizing them at once. stole Skill:

I suddenly turned my eyes on the ship and on those captured, I managed to

Only their arms and legs are above their heads

To catch a glimpse: they are in height with a calling voice

My name was shouted with the last grief of the heart.

*( "Odyssey" Translation

V. Zhukovsky)

SKOG

In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, forest spirits They look defenseless, but it’s better not to mess with them, because even Skog women have such power over people that they can drive you crazy, cripple and even kill. If, having heard the screams of the skoge in the forest, you answer: “Yes”, you will find yourself in their power. They will drive through the forest for hours, make you climb through the windbreak, and in the end they will leave you somewhere in the thicket. If you don't answer the call. skoge will be lured into invisible nets, from which only the ringing of church bells will release.

Odysseus sails past Skilla

Skill. From antique gems

However, until a skoge woman has seduced a man, she does not have full power over him. And if he succumbed, he would no longer be saved: he would wither and quickly die of anguish. From such unions, either freaks are born, from which later, however, grow

SCRIMSL

normal people, or babies with miraculous abilities.

To avoid danger, you should take simple precautions. Never answer "yes" to the screams that are heard in the forest. You need to yell "Hey" in response. If you feel that you are lost, you need to instantly turn your jacket or socks inside out and read the prayer backwards. Garlic and iron also help. In order for the hunt to be successful, before it starts, several coins should be left on the stump - an offering to the skoge.

Skog males are werewolves who can change shape and height at will. Their true appearance is as follows: old men in wide-brimmed hats with a long cow's tail behind their backs. Skoge women seem beautiful at first glance, they have lush breasts, curly hair and melodious voices. But instead of nails, they have claws, and a tail sticks out below their backs: in addition, they don’t have a back as such - there is a hollow notch.

The tale says that one skoge married a man. She bore him several children. One day he returned to the house earlier than usual and found his wife in her true form - naked, with a cow

their tail. Since then, he began to see a monster in his wife. One winter day, he took her with the children to the lake and left her there. At night the wolves came, and then the skoge called her sister:

- You, who saddled the wind, hear me and help!

Meanwhile, the wolves got closer, ate the children and aimed at the skoge. And then Skoge's sister appeared. who picked her up and carried her away. Having put the unfortunate woman to bed at home, the sister went in search of her husband. For many weeks in a row she had to wait for $, because he went with an amulet.

But when he took it off. about to wash, the sister attacked him and broke his neck.

SCRIMSL

In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples , the sea serpent. It has a seal's head, a long neck and a humpbacked back, and large fins

the shape of the oars. Seeing a srimsla from a ship is good luck, because it appears on the surface on fine days. when the wind is warm and weak

SLAY BEGGI

In the folklore of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, the original inhabitants of Maine, who appeared there long before the arrival of people. They live underground, and in order to get into their home, you need to overcome an underground reservoir or river. The passages to the dwellings of Slay Beggy open once a year, on the eve of Beltane. These fairies should only be spoken of affectionately, for they hear all the conversations of people.

Slay Beggies are notorious thieves, they give special preference to horses. They have enough of their horses, but they simply cannot resist when they see tall and slender horses belonging to people. Find out that Slay Beggy rode a horse. it is possible on the lathered sides of the animal.

Beggies only walk on paths that they have taken to themselves. They hate salt, artificial lighting, horseshoes, silver and all yellow flowers except broom. If there were prints in the snow that looked like bird tracks, it means that Slay Beggy passed here.

Slua

SLUA

In Scottish folklore , the fairies are even more vicious than the Unseelie Court. This is an army of undead dead. They rush through the sky in packs and fight without rest. Their screams and the clang of weapons are carried far around on icy winter nights. Slua blood stains rocks and boulders. They kill cats, dogs and livestock, ruthlessly strike animals with darts. They call people under their banners, and they obey, because they simply cannot disobey.

SOVAZIONS

See FEI

sogin

In Korean mythology , the spirits guarding the graves of Sogin are divided into those who guard the graves of peaceful people and the graves of warriors. The first were represented as dressed in ritual robes, the second - in armor.

Nightingale the Robber

In the mythology and folklore of the Eastern Slavs, the demon-opponent of the heroes, fighting his enemies with a loud whistle. He sits in his nest - usually on twelve oaks - near the road and does not let anyone pass by. His children are black crows with iron beaks.

Many Russians were - we tell the story of the battle of the hero (usually Ilya Muromets) with the Nightingale the robber. Having defeated the Nightingale - knocking him down with a red-hot arrow from a tree. - Ilya takes him to Kiev to the prince of steel, who asks the Nightingale to whistle. He asks for a drink, drinks three cups - and whistles so that " mighty heroes fell to the ground, and ordinary people became dead", and from the prince's chambers "flew

Ilya Muromets and Nightingale - the roof and towers burst

robber. Colorized iron ties * Ilya Muromets pissed off

lithograph 1868 shis on Nightingale killed him - threw him higher

a standing tree, just below a walking cloud. and the Nightingale crashed down to the ground so that he fell to his death

DREAM-KAKSI

In Korean mythology, evil spirits in which girls who died unmarried turn into. They attack living unmarried women or move into the bodies of unmarried women, causing them to wither and eventually die.

SPANKY

In Scottish folklore , the stray light These fairies lead the scarecrows out of the way. drown in the sea boats whose helmsmen

SPARTI

Cadmus sows the field with dragon fangs

instead of which they leave changelings, send bad weather and arrange other

mistaking spanks for beacon lights. According to some sources, spanks are the spirits of unbaptized babies, doomed to wander the earth until the Last Judgment. On the night of the summer solstice, spanks gather in churches to greet the recently dead.

SPARTI

In Greek mythology, wonderful warriors who grew up from the land into which the hero Cadmus. the founder of Thebes, threw the teeth of the dragon he had killed. They were born in full armor and immediately started a fight with each other. Apollodorus says: “Having begun the fight, they killed each other: some of them entered into a fight deliberately, while others through a misunderstanding.” Only five Sparti survived, for one of whom - Echion - Cadmus gave his daughter.

SPRIGGAN

In English folklore, ugly fairies, from which the rulers of Fairyland most often recruit bodyguards. They can be found on the ruins of ancient fortresses and castles, where they guard treasures. They steal human children.

dirty tricks.

According to some sources, spriggans are the descendants of ancient giants, and therefore they can, if they want, grow almost to the sky. Unlike bogey, they are not so much malevolent as prone to mischief, although sometimes such mischief seems to be the worst of misfortunes.

Tradition says that spriggans gathered at night in the house of an old woman and divided the booty, and the old woman always left a silver coin. But the old woman was greedy, and one day, when the spriggans once again returned with the loot, she twisted

Spriggans

SLEEPING HEROES

Morgana carries the mortally wounded Arthur to Avalon

Well, la jacket inside out, but did not have time to put it on in order to drive the fairies away and take everything for themselves. The Spriggans took revenge on her: since then, as soon as the old woman put on this jacket, she immediately began to writhe.

They also say that one day several smugglers landed on the shore. Two went to look for buyers for goods, and the rest lay down to take a nap. But the piercing sounds of the pipes did not let them fall asleep. One of the men decided to check who was making noise there. Between the hills, he saw a crowd of tiny men in colorful clothes. The men danced to the music. The man called out to them twice. and suddenly the spriggans - and it was they - turned to him, lined up in a wedge. Bows and arrows and spears appeared out of nowhere, and the whole crowd moved towards the man. He rushed to run, raised his comrades. They jumped into the boat and paddled away from the shore. And the spriggans were getting closer. and with every step they got higher and higher. The smugglers spent the whole night at sea, only at dawn the spriggans disappeared, and people were able to land again on the shore.

SLEEPING HEROES

In European folklore, legendary warriors sleep under hills and barrows, waiting

his hour. These heroes include Charlemagne and Frederick Barbarossa. Holger of Denmark and King Arthur. In most legends, it is stated that the warrior and his squad will wake up when someone blows the horn hanging next to the knight.

Legend has it that a certain king, along with his queen and retinue, slept in the underground

STAPHIA

the league of the castle, where it was impossible to enter, because the entrance was filled up. Once a village shepherd fell into a hole and found himself in a dungeon. He felt his way forward and soon saw the light, and then found himself in the vaulted hall, where he really saw the king and queen and warriors. Next to the king was a table on which lay a large horn. garter and stone sword. The shepherd took his sword - the knights stirred - and cut the garter. The sleepers sat down on their beds, but then the shepherd put the sword back into its scabbard, and then the king, before lying down again, said:

“On the mountain for us, on the mountain for everyone The damned coward is born! He drew his sword, but he did not dare to touch the horn.

STAPHIA

In the folklore of the Eastern Romanesque peoples , a ghost is the shadow of a person, animal, etc., or a measure from it. taken by a sorcerer, and this measure must be walled up in the wall during the construction of the house. Deprived of a shadow, he dies and turns into a staphia - an ugly woman of huge growth with loose hair and iron breasts. Staphia is a werewolf capable of shifting into various animals. She can be found at night near the place where she lost her shadow. Staphia strangles and devours people, but can also help them - in particular, protect the house.

STYMPHALIAN BIRDS

In Greek mythology, monstrous birds. They had copper beaks, claws and feathers, the latter they threw like arrows. The victory over the Stymphalian birds was the sixth labor of Hercules. Apollodorus reports: “In the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Stymphalus in Arcadia there was a swamp called Stymphalian. surrounded by dense forest. Countless birds flocked to this forest to escape the wolves. When Hercules found himself in difficulty, not knowing how to drive the birds out of this forest, Athena gave him the copper rattles she received from Hephaestus. Hercules, sitting under a mountain located near the swamp, began to hit these rattles and frightened the birds, which could not stand the noise and were afraid of taking off.

ELEMENT

whether. Acting in this way, Hercules shot them all.

R. Graves adds to the description of the appearance of the Stymphalian birds: “The Stymphalian birds were the size of a crane and very much resembled ibis, except that they could pierce a metal breastplate with their beak and it was not bent. They were also found in the Arabian desert and inspired more fear than lions and leopards when they fell like a stone on a person’s chest, piercing it with their beak. Arab hunters learned how to make protective breastplates woven from bast, in which deadly beaks got stuck, and a person could turn the head of a bird that attacked him ... According to some evidence. the Stymphalian birds were women... whom Hercules killed for that. that they refused him hospitality."

ELEMENT

See STAPHIA.

Hundred-handed

See HECATONCHEIRES.

Hercules defeats the Stymphalian birds

STRATIM

See STREFIL.

STRAFIL

See STREFIL.

STREFIL

In Russian folklore and spiritual poetry, a wonderful bird. The Pigeon Book calls her the mother of all birds:

“Stratim is a bird to all mother birds.

Why is she the mother of all birds?

Stratim-bird lives on the ocean-sea, And produces children on the ocean-sea By God's command, Stratim-bird will tremble. The ocean-sea will stir;

She drowns living ships

With precious goods,

Therefore, the stratum bird is the mother of all birds "

The same Pigeon Book adds:

“When the Strafil-bird trembles At the second hour after midnight.

Then all the roosters in all the land will crow. At that time, the whole earth will be illuminated.

According to A.N. Afanasyev, “this bird keeps a white light under its right wing.”

Strigi

In Roman mythology , witches, descendants of harpies, attacked babies at night in the guise of barn owls. Ovid in the Fasti says:

“There are birds of prey, not those that tormented Phineas

A terrible hunger, but those. what comes from them:

Their heads are large, their eyes are sharp-sighted, and their beak is merciless.

Gray hair is visible in the wings, claws stick out with hooks.

At night they fly, they grab children in the shrouds of lullabies

And they defile the bodies of these infants.

They pinch with their beaks, they say, childish wombs

And they fill their goiter with drunk blood. *

^(Translated by F. Petrovsky)

However, Petronius in the "Satyricon" states. that the shearers are just replacing babies, leaving straw stuffed animals to their parents:

“... he died right next to our confidante - a pearl, and a smart girl, and whatever you want. How. it means that the poor thing’s mother wailed at him, and many of ours then became sad. and how the witches began - like dogs chasing a hare ... Only the mother wanted to hug her dead little son, touched him - and there. sees a scarecrow of straw lies! He has no heart, no guts, nothing at all! It can be seen that the witches grabbed the child, and instead of him they slipped a straw doll.

THINGS

See Strigi

STROM KARL

In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, water spirits They are very fond of music, they themselves are excellent musicians and are ready to teach people if they sacrifice a black lamb or a white kid to them. They know eleven motives, but they usually teach ten, since it is forbidden for people to know the eleventh. If a person nevertheless recognizes this motive and begins to play, something unimaginable begins - old people go blind, babies start dancing in cradles ... Stromkarls wear red hats and raincoats, as well as red stockings and blue pants.

STUKANTS

In Cornish folklore, mountain fairies are skilled miners who know the location of every vein in the rock mass. Sometimes you can hear how they knock with their hammers in abandoned adits. If one of the people will like the studs, they will tell you where to dig. According to legend, with the help of studs, many miners really found rich veins. In addition, Stukans warn about Stukanets in sha

dangers - they start knocking fractionally, randomly, or one of them sits down at the entrance to the adit and begins to moan loudly. As a reward for the fact that they bring good luck, they should be fed and new clothes should be sewn for them once or twice a year. Stukants hate when they whistle or swear in the mine. But they are very fond of laughter and fun, and whistling

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