SLEEPING HEROES
Morgana carries the mortally wounded Arthur to Avalon
Well, la jacket inside out, but did not have time to put it on in order to drive the fairies away and take everything for themselves. The Spriggans took revenge on her: since then, as soon as the old woman put on this jacket, she immediately began to writhe.
They also say that one day several smugglers landed on the shore. Two went to look for buyers for goods, and the rest lay down to take a nap. But the piercing sounds of the pipes did not let them fall asleep. One of the men decided to check who was making noise there. Between the hills he saw a crowd of tiny men in colorful clothes. The men danced to the music. The man called out to them twice. and suddenly the spriggans - and it was they - turned to him, lined up in a wedge. Bows and arrows and spears appeared out of nowhere, and the whole crowd moved towards the man. He rushed to run, raised his comrades. They jumped into the boat and paddled away from the shore. And the spriggans were getting closer. and with every step they got higher and higher. The smugglers spent the whole night at sea, only at dawn the spriggans disappeared, and people were able to land again on the shore.
SLEEPING HEROES
In European folklore, legendary warriors sleep under hills and barrows, waiting
his hour. These heroes include Charlemagne and Frederick Barbarossa. Holger of Denmark and King Arthur. In most legends, it is stated that the warrior and his squad will wake up when someone blows the horn hanging next to the knight.
Legend has it that a certain king, along with his queen and retinue, slept in the underground
STAFIA
the league of the castle, where it was impossible to enter, because the entrance was filled up. Once a village shepherd fell into a hole and found himself in a dungeon. He felt his way forward and soon saw the light, and then found himself in the vaulted hall, where he really saw the king and queen and warriors. Next to the king was a table on which lay a large horn. garter and stone sword. The shepherd took his sword - the knights stirred - and cut the garter. The sleepers sat down on their beds, but then the shepherd put the sword back into its scabbard, and then the king, before lying down again, said:
“On the mountain for us, on the mountain for everyone The damned coward is born! He drew his sword, but he did not dare to touch the horn.
STAFIA
In the folklore of the Eastern Romanesque peoples , a ghost is the shadow of a person, animal, etc., or a measure from it. taken by a sorcerer, and this measure must be walled up in the wall during the construction of the house. Deprived of a shadow, he dies and turns into a staphia - an ugly woman of huge growth with loose hair and iron breasts. Staphia is a werewolf capable of shifting into various animals. She can be found at night near the place where she lost her shadow. Staphia strangles and devours people, but can also help them - in particular, protect the house.
STYMPHALIAN BIRDS
In Greek mythology, monstrous birds. They had copper beaks, claws and feathers, the latter they threw like arrows. The victory over the Stymphalian birds was the sixth labor of Hercules. Apollodorus reports: “In the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Stymphalus in Arcadia there was a swamp called Stymphalian. surrounded by dense forest. Countless birds flocked to this forest to escape the wolves. When Hercules found himself in difficulty, not knowing how to drive the birds out of this forest, Athena gave him the copper rattles she received from Hephaestus. Hercules, sitting under a mountain located near the swamp, began to hit these rattles and frightened the birds, which could not stand the noise and were afraid of taking off.
ELEMENT
whether. Acting in this way, Hercules shot them all.
R. Graves adds to the description of the appearance of the Stymphalian birds: “The Stymphalian birds were the size of a crane and very much resembled ibis, except that they could pierce a metal breastplate with their beak and it was not bent. They were also found in the Arabian desert and inspired more fear than lions and leopards when they fell like a stone on a person’s chest, piercing it with their beak. Arab hunters learned how to make protective breastplates woven from bast, in which deadly beaks got stuck, and a person could turn the head of a bird that attacked him ... According to some evidence. the Stymphalian birds were women... whom Heracles killed for that. that they refused him hospitality."
ELEMENT
See STAPHIA.
Hundred-handed
See HECATONCHEIRES.
Hercules defeats the Stymphalian birds
WE WILL LOSE
See STREFIL.
STRAFIL
See STREFIL.
STREFIL
In Russian folklore and spiritual poetry, a wonderful bird. The Pigeon Book calls her the mother of all birds:
“Stratim is a bird to all mother birds.
Why is she the mother of all birds?
Stratim-bird lives on the ocean-sea, And produces children on the ocean-sea By God's command, Stratim-bird will tremble. The ocean-sea will stir;
She drowns living ships
With precious goods,
Therefore, the stratum bird is the mother of all birds "
The same Pigeon Book adds:
“When the Strafil-bird trembles At the second hour after midnight.
Then all the roosters in all the land will crow. At that time, the whole earth will be illuminated.
According to A.N. Afanasyev, “this bird keeps a white light under its right wing.”
STRIGGES
In Roman mythology , witches, descendants of harpies, attacked babies at night in the guise of barn owls. Ovid in the Fasti says:
“There are birds of prey, not those that tormented Phineas
A terrible hunger, but those. what comes from them:
Their heads are large, their eyes are sharp-sighted, and their beak is merciless.
Gray hair is visible in the wings, claws stick out with hooks.
At night they fly, they grab children in the shrouds of lullabies
And they defile the bodies of these infants.
They pinch with their beaks, they say, childish wombs
And they fill their goiter with drunk blood. *
^(Translated by F. Petrovsky)
However, Petronius in the "Satyricon" states. that the shearers are just replacing babies, leaving straw stuffed animals to their parents:
“... he died right next to our confidante - a pearl, and a clever girl, and whatever you want. How. it means that the poor thing’s mother wailed at him, and many of ours then became sad. and how the witches began - like dogs chasing a hare ... Only the mother wanted to hug her dead little son, touched her - and there. sees a scarecrow of straw lies! He has no heart, no guts, nothing at all! It can be seen that the witches grabbed the child, and instead of him they slipped a straw doll.
THINGS
See Strigi
STROM CARLY
In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, water spirits They are very fond of music, they themselves are excellent musicians and are ready to teach people if they sacrifice a black lamb or a white goat for them. They know eleven motives, but they usually teach ten, since it is forbidden for people to know the eleventh. If a person nevertheless recognizes this motive and begins to play, something unimaginable begins - old people go blind, babies start dancing in cradles ... Stromkarls wear red hats and raincoats, as well as red stockings and blue pants.
STUKANTS
In Cornish folklore, mountain fairies are skilful miners who know the location of every vein in the rock mass. Sometimes you can hear how they knock with their hammers in abandoned adits. If one of the people will like the studs, they will tell you where to dig. According to legend, with the help of studs, many miners really found rich veins. In addition, Stukans warn about Stukanets in sha
dangers - they start knocking fractionally, randomly, or one of them sits down at the entrance to the adit and begins to moan loudly. As a reward for the fact that they bring good luck, they should be fed and new clothes should be sewn for them once or twice a year. Stukants hate when they whistle or swear in the mine. But they are very fond of laughter and fun, and whistling
SUBHADEVA
drives them to such madness that they can even wring the whistler's neck. According to some sources, the stukans are the spirits of Jews who once worked in the mines (these Jews were sent underground as a punishment for taking part in the crucifixion of Christ).
Stukans are from one to three feet tall, dressed like miners, wearing leather aprons and carrying sticks. Stukantsov should not be confused with snitches. who belong to the bustlers and live not in mines, but in people's houses.
Tradition says that once a hail of stones fell on three miners working in a mine. They ran to a safe distance and suddenly saw a little man in front of them with a stone in his hand. Without saying a word, he pointed to the miners behind his back. They turned around - and saw how the ceiling of the adit in which they worked slowly settled down, breaking the fasteners.
SUBHADEVA
In Buddhist mythology , the deities belonging to the rupavacharas Oni are divided into "partially blissful" (paritasubha). “completely blessed” (o.ppo.lia.na.subha.) and “all-blissful” (subhakinha). The first live 16 kalpas, that is, "days of Brahma" - 24,000 divine years or 864,000,000 human years; the second - 32, and the third - 64 kalpas.
SUDEN AND TSY
In Slavic mythology, female deities that determine the fate of a person (cf. Rozhanitsy). These are three immortal sisters who appear, as a rule, on the third day after the birth of a baby, in order to predict his destiny in life. They “judge” in turn: first the youngest, then the middle, and the last - the eldest, whose word always turns out to be decisive N.I. , how long the baby will live and what he will face in life: here the word of the youngest turned out to be decisive.
A.N. Afanasyev says: “According to the stories of the Czechs, the courts are three white wives: at midnight they appear under the window of the hut or at the very
a room where a newborn child lies, and they confer about his future fate; at their approach. that dwells in the house falls into a deep sleep. They hold lighted candles in their hands and extinguish them not before pronouncing their immutable verdict. In some villages, they think that little boats sit on the roof of the house at night, near the chimney, and predict the fate of the baby by the stars.
Success
JUDITS
See SUDENITS.
JUDICIAL
See SUDENITS.
NEEDLE
See SUDENITS
SUKKUBY
In medieval demonology, seductive demons who seduce men. Manly Hall observes: “The terms incubus and succubus were indiscriminately applied by the Church Fathers to elemental spirits. Incubus and succubus. however, they are diabolical and unnatural creatures... According to Paracelsus, incubi and succubi are parasitic creatures that exist through the evil thoughts and emotions of the astral body. As a rule, succubi tempted primarily holy hermits and monks, but did not disdain ordinary men either. L. Sinistrari says:“...their appearance is similar to human, but more perfect than it, because these creatures are less material and, therefore, are at the highest stage of development. As for the essential parts of their organs, it is necessary that they be elastic and less tender, meeting the requirement of organic action.
The Hammer of the Witches establishes a hierarchy for demons similar to that introduced by Pseudo-Dionysius for angels. In this "devil-
HADDERS
Sylvia is a dark angel. This is how succubi of the 20th century look like.
which "hierarchy, succubi and incubus are at the very bottom, because "even among human actions, such abominations would be considered the lowest and most disgusting."
HADDERS
In English folklore, demonic creatures, which the Russian language calls "barabashki". These creatures are the descendants of kobolds who have spread throughout the world. Busters are werewolves whose favorite pastime is to rattle and knock. They run around the house in the guise of squirrels or cats, arranging such a ruckus that saucers in the sideboard and cups on the table bounce. They beat on the floor, they rumble in the attic, they throw stones at the roof, they creak
Sphinx. Peninsula Taman, V c. BC.
furniture. When one of the members of the family living in the house comes to die, the noise becomes even louder - the bustlers, as it were, warn of impending disaster.
They wear green or gray jackets and red stealth hats. A.N. Afanasiev says: “They beat on the walls, knock on the stairs, slam the doors, throw bricks and stones at the passers-by, fuss, jump and shout at night, pull off the bed covers from the sleepy ones, extinguish the candles from the servants, overturn at the barn pail and, pouring milk, laugh with an evil laugh ... they are domestic tormentors, scarecrows of children and adults ... "
SUSIN
See MULKVISIN.
SFINKS (SFINGA)
In Greek mythology , a monster spawned by Typhon and Echidna. Sphinx has a body
SCITALIS
Greek sphinx. Bas-relief from Sparta. National Museum, Athens
Sphinx killed. The only one who could
lion, bird wings, and the chest and head are female. The goddess Hera sent the Sphinx to Thebes. The monster was located on a mountain near the city and everyone who passed by asked his own riddle - “What kind of living creature walks on four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three in the evening?” Unable to guess the answer to her question, it turned out to be Prince Oedipus. The Sphinx flew into a rage, threw herself into the abyss and crashed.
In an early version of the myth, the name of the monster was
Fix. Pausanias reports: “If we go further, there will be a mountain, from where, they say, Fix made an attack and destroyed those. who fell into her hands and to whom she asked her deadly riddle. Others say that she wandered the seas, like a sea robber, with an army and a fleet ... and, having captured the mountain, she was engaged in robbery until she was destroyed by Oedipus, suppressing the large number of troops with whom he came from Corinth.
SCITALIS
Sphinx
In medieval bestiaries, a wonderful snake. As a rule, scitalis hides under a bush. A person comes closer to admire his sparkling skin, and then the scitalis attacks the victim and swallows it.
SENMURV
SENMURV
In Iranian mythology, a winged dog. whose body is covered with fish scales (the appearance symbolizes the dominance of the senmurva over the three elements - earth, air and water). Senmurv lives on the Tree of All Seeds, which grows on an island in the middle of the sea. When he flaps his wings, the seeds of various plants fall from the tree into the sea. The golden-eared and golden-breasted horse Tishtar (the personification of the star Tishtriya) drinks water along with seeds and then spills with rain - this is how the seeds fall into the soil. The image of the Simurgh bird is associated with the image of Senmurva
HAY
In Chinese mythology, celestial maidens, werewolves, mistresses of the elements, as well as daughters of deities
Xiannu. Chinese popular painting. Late 19 - early. 20th century Leningrad, Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism. Collection of Academician V. M. Alekseev
TAVRUK
TAVRUK
In the Russian apocryphal tradition, a wonderful bird, which the “Jerusalem Conversation” calls the mother of all birds: “And the bird ptiam mat is Tavruk the bird. small - the size of a Russian jackdaw, but she lives by a rattling well, by the warm sea. However, the Strafil bird is much more often called the mother of all birds (see STREFIL).
TAKUSHKANSHKAN
In the myths of the Indians of North America (Sioux) , the spirits of the wind, as well as the single spirit of the wind, which combines all four - in accordance with the cardinal points.
TANNAMUKVISIN
In Korean mythology , tree spirits . It was believed that in old trees, especially tall and large ones, along with tannamu kwisin, the spirits of the area - tansu - live. Each tree had its own spirit; these spirits were born in old trees.
TAOQUAN
In ancient Chinese mythology, a monstrous beast that lived in the land of Imu - that is, in the Land of the One-Eyed. Yuan Ke describes this monster as follows: “One of the beasts was called taoquan - locust dog. He looked like a dog, his body was green. This monster fed on people and began to devour them from the head.
TARASKA
In French folklore, a half-beast, half-fish that feeds on travelers passing by its lair, and sailors from ships sailing along the river. According to legend.
TARNEK
Tarasca was subdued with the help of a cross and holy water by a nun.
Cretan-Mycenaean seals
TARNEK
In the mythology of the Eskimos, the soul of a person or animal. This tiny creature, like two peas in a pod, looks like its "master". Tarnek usually dies with the death of its "owner", sometimes it can remain at the place of death, and sometimes it passes, as it were, by inheritance to the newborn namesake of the deceased.
TARU-UŠTI
In the folklore of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, a water bull. He is less vicious than Kabil-Ushti, but this does not mean that you can joke with Taru-Ushti. You can recognize him by his round ears and wild gleam in his eyes.
The legend says that a certain farmer noticed a taru-ushti, who was grazing along with his herd. He hit the bull with a stick, and he jumped into the sea, and the farmer's wheat fell. The next time the farmer tried to catch the bull, but he slipped away, and the farmer's potatoes rotted on the vine. For the third time, on the advice of the wise old man, the farmer burned the container-ushti with a rowan stick. It worked - taru-ushti calmly entered the corral. Some time later, the farmer took the bull to the fair. Some guy agreed to buy the animal on the condition that the farmer ride it. He sat down. He hit the bull with a rowan stick, but the stick suddenly slipped out of his hand, and the bull ran at a gallop and jumped into the sea. Only at the last moment the farmer managed to jump off, and he barely made it home alive.
TELCHINES
In Greek mythology , demons who possessed the ability to magic. R. Graves in "Myths of Ancient Greece" described the Telchines as "nine dog-headed, dove-armed... children of the sea"', according to Ifaves, they "appeared in Rhodes... and then moved to Crete, becoming its first inhabitants". However. Strabo reports the following about the Telkhines: “In former times, Rhodes was called ... Telakhinida by the name of the Telkhins who settled on the island. The latter were considered by some to be sorcerers and wizards (zіs! - K.K.), who poured water over Styx mixed with sulfur on animals and
TERMS
plants to destroy them: others, on the contrary, argue that since they themselves were skilled craftsmen, they aroused the envy of their rivals in the craft, and therefore received a bad reputation ... they were the first to work out iron and copper, and sickle Kronos of their work."
According to the myth, which is stated by Servius, Ovid and Callimachus, Zeus was angry with the Telchines for their insidiousness and let the sea fall on them. But the goddess Artemis managed to warn the Telkhines and they fled in all directions: some of the Telkhines turned into hunting dogs, which later, at the behest of the same Artemis, tore to pieces the young man Actaeon, who dared to spy on the bathing goddess.
Artemis unleashes the dogs after Actaeon
R.Ifeyvs remarks: “The water of the Styx was considered so sacred that one drop of it was supposedly enough to kill a person. However, it did no harm if drunk from a cup made from a horse's hoof... That. that the Telkhins used this water in magic, suggests that the tribes worshiping them owned Mount Nonakrida, which at one time was considered the main religious center of Greece ... "
TERMS
In Roman mythology , deities, as well as one god of boundaries and boundaries. Ovid in the Fasti describes a ritual dedicated to terms (“terminals”):
TEAL WIT TEG
“The night has passed and now we praise the god who
It marks the boundaries of fields with its sign.
The term is whether you are a stone or a tree trunk dug into the field.
You were deified long ago by our ancestors.
On either side you are crowned by two gentlemen.
Two pies for you, two wreaths are brought.
They put up an altar' and here the fire in the shard
villager,
Shui Rhys and Tilwit Tag
From a warm hearth, he carries it with his own hands.
The old man splits firewood, deftly puts it in the woodpile, And with difficulty strengthens it with branches in solid ground.
After dry bark he kindles the first flame;
The boy stands and holds baskets in his hands
After he throws three handfuls of wheat into the fire, ■
The girl-daughter gives honeycomb pieces.
Others hold wine, pour cups into the flames
and In white robes they look and ceremonially remain silent of the Common Term, they irrigate the tutu with the blood of a lamb Or a suckling pig,
The term is happy with this.
Simply everyone is celebrating. and neighbors feast all together
And glorify you with songs. The term is holy!”*
★ (Translated by F. Petrovsky)
TILVITTEG
In Welsh folklore, golden-haired fairies have golden hair because they often marry guaragged annon .
TITANIUM
river or lake. Tilwit tags are friendly to those they like, however, these people are also in danger - they can simply disappear from the mortal world or disappear and return mad. The main vice of the tilwit tag is that they cannot resist stealing a golden-haired baby or a young girl.
Sometimes the nickname tilwit tag is applied only to those fairies who are tall, dressed in white and live on an invisible island, and sometimes to those. that they wear clothes of yellow-green tones, are distinguished by cunning and mischief, steal milk and kidnap children. However, all these fairies have one thing in common: they have golden curls, and they appear only to those people who can boast of the same hair. Tailwit tag graze goats, comb goats' beards, and hunt. and also spend time dancing and other entertainment.
TITANIUM
In Greek mythology, the gods, the forerunners of the Muses, the ancestors of the Olympians. They were born of the earth mother Gaia and the sky god Uranus; their six brothers are Ocean, Coy, Crius. Hyperion, Iapetus, Kronos (Kronos); and six sisters - Tefis. Phoebe, Mnemosyne. Theia. Themis, Rhea. At the instigation of Gaia, the titans, all but Oceanus, attacked Uranus, and Kronos castrated his father. Apollodorus reports: “Cronus married his sister Rhea and, since Gaia and Uranus predicted to him that his own son would take power from him. began to devour the children born to him. If it wasn't for Ray. Kronos would have swallowed the baby Zeus, but he was deceived, and over time, Zeus defeated Kronos and, together with other titans, cast him into Tartarus (for a detailed account of the myth, see the articles of HECATONCHEIRA, YOU GIANT, THE OLYMPIC GODS).
Typhon. Terracotta. OK. 500 BC e. Rome, Villa Giulia Museum
R. Graves adds: “Kron and all the defeated titans, except for Atlanta, were expelled to the westernmost of the British Isles (others, it is true, they were imprisoned in Tartarus) and left there under the protection of the hundred-handed. The titans never bothered Hellas again. Atlas, as a military leader, was given an exemplary punishment: to hold the sky on his shoulders. All Titanides. thanks to the intervention of Methoda and Rhea. spared" (Rhea
TYPHON
was the mother of Zeus, and Metis - his beloved - K.K.).
TYPHON
In Greek mythology , a monster, the offspring of the mother earth Gaia, born of the god Tartarus (there is another version of the myth, according to which Typhon appeared from the earth in the place where the goddess Hera hit with her fist, who decided in retaliation to Zeus - he himself gave birth to Athena - also independently produce offspring). Apollodorus describes Typhon thus: "Hesurpassed all the creatures that Gaia gave birth to. growth and strength. Part of his body up to the hips was human and towered over all the mountains with its enormous size. His head often touched the stars, his arms stretched one until sunset, the other until sunrise. They ended with a hundred heads of dragons. Part of his body below the hips consisted of huge snakes writhing in rings, which. rising to the very top of the body, emitted a loud whistle. His whole body was covered with feathers, his shaggy hair and beard fluttered widely, his eyes sparkled with fire. A storm of fire escaped from his mouth.
Typhon rushed to Olympus,
Greek vase depicting the struggle between Zeus and Typhon. Museum of Antiquities, Munich
and the gods fled in fear, but Zeus fought with Typhon and hit him with thunderbolts, and then set in motion the sickle with which he once castrated Kronos. Further, Apollodorus states the myth as follows: “... seeing that Typhon was seriously wounded, Zeus entered into hand-to-hand combat with him. Typhon grabbed Zeus with the rings of his body and, pulling out a curved sword from him, cut Zeus' tendons on his arms and legs. Raising it on his shoulders, he then carried it across the sea... There he also hid the sinews, wrapping them in the skin of a bear, and put the dragon Dolphin to guard all this... However, Hermes and Aegipan (that is, Pan - K K.) stole these tendons and secretly inserted them to Zeus. Having regained his former strength, Zeus suddenly rushed from the sky on a chariot drawn by winged horses, and, throwing thunderbolts, pursued
TL ALOKI
Typhon to the mountain called Nisa. There the Moirai were deceived by the persecuted Typhon: they convinced him. that he will gain strength if he tastes one-day fruits (R. Graves considers these fruits to be the apples of death - K.K.). And so. further pursued. Typhon...
threw whole mountains aloft. Since Zeus reflected these mountains back with his thunderbolts. Typhon shed a lot of blood near ... the ridge ... When Typhon rushed to run across ... the sea, Zeus threw Mount Etna on him ... and from it, as they say, to this day, because of the thunderbolts thrown there, flames erupt ".
TLALOKI
Rain god Tlaloc. Stone vase from Teotihuacan. 3rd-9th centuries Mexico City, National Museum of Anthropology
In the myths of the Indians of Central America (Aztecs), the deities of the elements - rain, hail, snow, etc. Tpalok ruled over mountain peaks, rivers and lakes. These are tiny creatures, sometimes taking the form of a frog or a snake. Subsequently, they began to believe that Tlaloc is one and that this is the god of rain and thunder, to whom all edible plants are subject. Tlaloc has a human body, but the eyes of an owl and the fangs of a jaguar; the skin is black and there is a jagged crown on the head.
TODORTSY
In Slavic mythology , demons similar in appearance to Greek centaurs. They appear among the people in the first week of Great Lent and punish those who eat meat. As a rule, they beat sinners with their hooves, and marks remain on the body for a long time; from these blows people get sick and can die. The Todorians also kill children whose mothers cook meat, and people who work on forbidden days. The Todorians are ruled by the Great Todor, who usually rides in front and looks like a rider in a white cloak on a lame horse.
Tlaloc. Drawing from the Codex Vaticanus 3773. Choluteca. 15th c. Rome, Vatican Library
To recover from a stroke, you need to come a year later to the same place where a person
ТОККАККВИ
Todorets attacked: there the patient will either die immediately, or immediately recover. You can protect yourself from Todorians with garlic or knives and forks laid crosswise on the windowsill.
ТОККАККВИ
See TOKKEBI.
Tomte
TOKKEBI
In Korean mythology , evil spirits into which household items that have been in use for a long time can turn. As a rule, tokkebi people are friendly, but they are not averse to playing pranks. The tokkebi has green skin, a red beard, and a horn sticking out of his head.
tokolosh
In the myths of the peoples of Africa (South Africa) a demon. Tokoloshi live near bodies of water and at night throw stones into the water: This creature is slightly larger than a baboon, covered from head to toe with thick black hair. Tokolosh is afraid of the light and never speaks. He loves to scare lonely travelers. His favorite joke is this - he grabs some animal or bird and begins to choke. The strangled cry of the victim terrifies anyone who hears it.
TOMTE
In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, house spirits are always ready to serve people. They look after the livestock and help with the housework. House. in which lives a contented tomte. you can always tell by how clean and tidy it is. In addition, Tomte takes care of the welfare of the owners. He steals hay, milk, grain and even money for them and fights with his relatives who are trying to rob his house.
In response to Tomte's care, people should keep the house clean and tidy, not make noise, not work on weekends, and on Thursdays, when Tomte has a holiday, pay special attention to them: feed more generously than usual and add butter to porridge. Thursday should not be spun. Some Tomte require that they be fed twice a day: at four in the morning and at ten in the evening.
The Tomte are well built and have remarkable physical strength. They are as tall as a child, their faces are senile, wrinkled. They walk around in peasant shoes or slippers, knee-length trousers, red stockings and gray or green jackets, and in winter they wrap themselves in woolen robes. You can see them at noon or at night.
TOPOTUN
In English folklore , fairies, a meeting with which portends misfortune and even death, are sometimes heard walking through the forest, uttering heart-rending cries. Usually the stomper is invisible, but sometimes appears among people under the guise of a large black dog with flat eyes and long thick fur.
The tale says that a certain traveler heard a quiet "slap-slap" behind him. Turning around, he saw a huge white dog and hit him with a stick. The stick passed right through, and the dog only looked intently at the man, but he was so frightened that he rushed headlong home, went to bed and died a few days later.
TORNIGHT
In the myths of the Eskimos, evil spirits, demons of various guises - giants, dwarfs, freaks, etc. They bring sickness and misfortune on people. However, tornite can also help people; for example, shamans use them during the ritual.
TORRITE
See TORNITE.
TRASGO
In Spanish folklore, house spirits are tiny men in red clothes. If the trasgo is not angry, he will help with the housework, and if he gets angry, he will begin to break furniture, break dishes and act outrageously. You can’t get rid of him even by moving - he will follow the owners.
TOPOTUN
The tale says that one family suffered so much from trasgo's leprosy. that she decided to move into a new house. They slowly dragged their belongings to a new place, and one night they left themselves. The new house was quiet and peaceful. It suddenly turned out that they had forgotten their favorite salt shaker in the old place. For her
TRAU
the owner's son volunteered to go. On the half-way he met trasgo. who shouted from afar:
- And we carry a salt shaker! And we carry the salt shaker!
Together with the trasgo, the owner's son returned to the new house, and people tried to appease the trasgo - they sat him down by the fire, fed him, poured wine, and then contrived, threw them into the fire and kept him there. until they burn out.
TRAU
In the folklore of the inhabitants of Orkney and Shetland, fairies. who, like dwarfs and trolls, are afraid of sunlight. True, unlike the troll, the trow, who was caught by the dawn, does not turn into stone, but only loses the ability to move, and is forced to get off
places to wait for the evening. There is not a single woman among the trau, so they marry mortals, and any woman who has a child from a trau dies immediately after giving birth. Therefore, trau marry only once in their lives. There are both sea and "land" trau. At night, the traws play violins and
Tritons
dance (their favorite dance is hanking) Some claim that
trau are skilled blacksmiths. In particular, Walter Scott wrote about this: “I hung a chain around my neck, which, as everyone on the islands knows, was forged not by mortal blacksmiths, but by trau in the depths of their mysterious caves ...”
Thrau die when their sons become adults. Some refuse to marry. hoping thus to achieve immortality. But the throw have a law that stubborn bachelors are expelled, and they can return only with their wives.
To eavesdrop on a trow's conversation is good luck, but to see a trow is a big disaster. Trau usually dress in gray and walk backwards.
THREE MYSTERIOUS SISTERS
See NORN.
TRITONY
TRITONY
In Greek mythology, sea inhabitants that make up the retinue of the god Poseidon. They derive their family from the sea god Triton, the son of Poseidon and the oceanid Amphitrite. They are usually very noisy, constantly frolicking and blowing conch shells.
TROLLS
In German-Scandinavian mythology, creatures of enormous growth, endowed with extraordinary strength and impenetrable stupidity. Trolls usually live in caves where they keep their treasures. They are closer to people than their distant relatives - jotuns , and they do it. that harm a person: they steal cattle and beautiful girls, they steal babies and the like. The trolls are afraid of sunlight, which turns them to stone. They have red hair and wear dark trousers and red hats. The trolls are frightened by a loud noise: they immediately begin to think that the god Thor himself came for them with a hammer.
The Danish ballad "Saint Oluf and the Trolls" tells that King Oluf decided to free the high mountain from the trolls, inside which they lived.
Triton
"He orders to build and push the Rook of excellent equipment from the shore.
“From here we will go to ask the Unclean Force a warning!”
The feeder climbed onto the pile of goods. “The camp of ill fame At the Hornelummer: this mountain is captured by a horde of trolls.
For many years their Elder lives on the earth. called Ared. Our boats with fellows in the rock
TROLLS
growth
Trolls - huge monsters exclaimed.
(<I am stuck in a stone, but my spine and hands have not lost strength at all.
On your own skin you will try My valiant vein!”
Closes the villain and skared.
His peepers blaze with bonfires. Nails blacker than tar
Curved like a goat's horns, not less than a cubit in length.
His beards at the very knees Tremble with a horse's mane. It is sickening to look at his claws And see the mangy tail.
But the king was not afraid and did not abandon his intention. Only
Aadya approached the mountain, as Ared himself went out to meet the king.
"Tell me. redhead
Beard,
How did you not die of fear?
Big trouble awaits you!
Do you remember Horne Lummer!
No one moored to our land!
Here I will take you down:
Into the rock alone, I'll plant it with my hand
The rook that dangles here!”
Ared tried to carry out his threat, but only got stuck in a knee-deep rock. He
The king replied:
“A stone block, an unclean spirit. Before the eyes of the baptized people, You will stand until the day of judgment, Doing no harm to anyone!
No matter how you take it, the hag came running, Stretching his neck disgustingly.
She was goggling her eyes.
SHADES
Thor with a hammer. Bronze statuette found in Iceland ca 1000
Shriek "Get back"
She commanded that Oluf the King should immediately carry off his feet.
And he ordered her to stand still And turned the hag into a cliff.
Small trolls, sitting in a hole Grab iron hooks: “As soon as our mother is silent. Is there any misfortune in that?
And if no one else is to blame, Like a red-bearded enemy, We will treat the Destroyer of our breed with iron rods.
With a glorious joke your squad
Oluf the Saint was amused.
With a spell, he brought stone to stone
And brought wall to wall.
He tightly closed the mountain
So that did not go
Since then, from the bowels of the mountain
Neither trolls nor their offspring.
Troll lesser locked up raged
And shouted out such speeches:
“It was possible for us to shoulder blocks heavier than this mountain!”
Brothers, tail propped up by forehead. They started planting each other. But the rock was unbearable for them: The ridges were crushed by the effort * *
★ (Translated by Potapova)
SHADES
See FEVER
TUATA DE DANNAN
In Irish mythology and folklore, the deities born of the goddess Danu (hence their nickname - the Tribes of the goddess Danu) They descended from heaven to earth in ancient times and brought with them many skills and arts They descended to earth in Ireland defeated the firbolgs and began to rule the island, but then suffered defeat from the Milesians and fled across the ocean Tўata De Danann - the greatest sorcerers of the Magic Land (see FAIRY). They are forever young and beautiful, they have wonderful horses - swift, like the wind back
TU-BO
arched, broad chest, eyes blazing with flames. The stables of these animals, whose bridles are all gold and silver, are in the same hills where the Tuatha live. It is worth seeing the departure of the ioat: seven horses march in a row, a gem sparkles on each forehead, the riders are all in green cloaks and golden helmets, with golden spears in their hands ... The descendants of the Tuatha de Danann belong to the sid and diny shi.
Here is what is said about the Tuatha Dé Danann and their treasures in the saga “Battle of Mag Tuired”: “In the northern: islands of the earth there were the Tribes of the Goddess Danu and there comprehended wisdom.
magic, druidic knowledge, enchantments and other secrets, until they surpassed the masters from all over the world.
In four cities they comprehended wisdom, secret knowledge and devilish craft - in Falias and Gorias, Murias and Findias.
From Falias they brought the Lia Fail stone, which was then in Tara. He cried out under every king who was destined to rule Erin.
From Gorias they brought a spear, which Lug owned. Nothing could stand before him or before the one in whose hand it was.
From Findias they brought the sword to Nuada. It was worth taking it out of the combat scabbard. like no one else could avoid it. and he was truly irresistible.
From Murias they brought a cauldron
Helmet Tuata de Danann
Dagda. People didn't get away from him.
hungry."
TU-BO
In ancient Chinese mythology, the gate keepers in the underworld of darkness. These are horned giants with three eyes, they have the head of a tiger and the body of an ox. Yuan Ke describes one of them as follows: “He bent his huge body like an ox, shook his shiny, strong and sharp horns, spread his thick, bloody fingers and chased the poor,
TUGARIN
K. A. Vasiliev. Fight Dobrynya with the Serpent 1974
I'll stop, I'll kill you with a spear! Alyosha Popovich defeated Tugarin, cut the corpse of the monster into small pieces and scattered them across the battlefield
piteously groaning spirits - the souls of the dead, who fled in fear and hid from him. The same Yuan Ke quotes the poet Qu Yuan, who exclaimed in the poem "Summoning the Soul": "Soul, come back, come back, soul! Do not descend into the Capital of Gloom either. Tu-bo bends there with nine bends. Sharpen his horns of everything. His back is thick and his fingers are bloody, and he loves to chase people.”
TUGARIN
In Russian folklore , the monster is a snake that is at enmity with the heroes. Otherwise, he is called Tugarin Zmeevich, Serpent Tutarin, etc. A N Afanasiev reports: “... he was a hero three sazhens high, between the eyes - a red-hot arrow: he ate and drank as much as the giants .. He was three hundred sazhens long, with his back he fells steep banks ... Tugarin is, as it were, a fierce beast, flames blaze from the khailish, a pillar of smoke from the ears ... "
The main plot associated with Tugarin is his battle with Alyosha Popovich “Alyosha went to the river, Tugarin Zmeevich saw him. roared in a loud voice - and the whole oak forest trembled: it turned black like an autumn night, rose on wings, flew through the skies and shouted to the opponent: “if you want, I will burn you with fire, with a horse
TUGNYGAT
See TORNAIT.
TUPUA
Tengu
TUPUA
In the myths of the Polynesians (Samoa, Niue Tonga), supernatural beings, in which Tupua people can also turn for some time, are divided into two groups - guardian spirits and evil demons . In one of the myths of Niue, the Tupua act as cultural heroes
* Once, a father and son had a big argument: the son ran out to the seashore and threw himself into the waves, firmly deciding to drown himself. But then the boy noticed how in r: iad the sea rushes, something bright rushes East gavshis Tafea he-moana turned to the shore And still he was interested
And so he began to build a boat, and as soon as the boat was ready higher, I took fire on it in the sea with me, evening twilight had already set in. When he went out to sea, he understood. that I saw a flock of fish. There would have been a great many fish, he oviled her and swam to the shore While sitting in the boat, he began to offer tupua fish to Lange iki, but Lange-iki was frightened by the brilliant fish eyes. So they fried the fish on fire and began to eat. Lange-iki ate, but very carefully, still frightening the bright, strange eyes. Huanaki and Tafea he moana ate with might and main. So Huanaqui and his son Tafea hemoana reconciled
Since then, on our island, people have learned to build boats and began to go out to sea in search of a catch. And this is how it is to this day.
(The story of tѵt a Huanaki and his son Tafea-he moana")
TUREHU
In the myths of the Polynesians (Maori) , the spirits of the ancestors that harm the people are light-skinned and fair-haired creatures, as well as the spirits of the lords of trees and grasses.
TOURS
In Scandinavian mythology, giants, who are otherwise called gay jotuns .
TUSSERS
Tengu
A.N. Afanasiev noted, “the word ioipp ... means a goblin, a devouring person, and IIIz ... - a drunkard.”
TUSSERS
In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, the descendants of trolls are tall and thin creatures endowed with great wisdom and great skills. They know all the secrets of the runes, their herds are the fattest and give the most milk, Tussers live in the hills with their families and domestic animals.
Their working day begins at sunset and ends at dawn. They forge swords and bracelets, kitchen utensils and chain mail. Women cook, clean, look after children. More than anything, tussers love to dance. On warm summer nights, when the moon is full, they dance on their hilltops. The dance ends with the first cock crow. One of the tussers who lingers until the third cry runs the risk of turning into stone, and at best, turning into a decrepit old man.
THEURANG
In Tibetan mythology, one-armed, one-legged and one-eyed creatures that were born from the fat of a space turtle. He: live in the lower layers of the sky, send rain, snow, hail, cause quarrels between people.
TENGU
In Japanese mythology, a forest demon like a Slavic goblin. After death, people turn into tengu, who during their lifetime were distinguished by exorbitant pride or anger. Tengu fool travelers, make them wander through the forest, confuse them with loud laughter or crackling of felled trees. They live in old trees with crooked trunks. All tengu are red-haired, they have piercing glances, and each has black wings behind their backs.
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Title page of "Grobianus"
FAN SHEN
Wu Fang Shen. Engraving in the book “Illustrated notes on the search for spirits (of three religions)”
FAN SHEN
In Chinese mythology , the spirits of the five main directions, that is, the four cardinal points and the center. Each direction had its own primary element (wood, metal, water, earth, fire), its own color and its own animal. The names of the spirits of the five directions are Zhurong (fire), Gouman (wood), Zhushou (metal), Hebo (water), and Xuanming (earth).
UAREPA
In the myths of the Polynesians (Rotuma) a demon with a wide, flat body and many legs. It is believed that uarepa arises when many spirits of early dead children “combine together”.
The Rotuman tale tells that the uarepa decided to eat two children. However, the neighbor managed to warn the children, he said:
“Tomorrow, go to the chestnut tree that grows near the lair of the uarep. Get on it and shake it - you need to shake as many chestnuts as possible. When you shake a mountain of chestnuts, collect them and fill the hollow of this very tree with them. Then put a large mat next to the tree and quickly hide nearby. After some time, the uarepa himself will appear, eat his fill of your chestnuts, and then you will offer him to lie down to rest on your mat. As soon as he settles down, quickly drag him here to the shore.
The children went to the specified chestnut and came there just when the uarepa was wandering somewhere. They climbed up the tree and began to shake it. They shook a lot of chestnuts, collected them, stuffed them into a hollow and quickly hid. Soon the uarepa himself appeared: he immediately appreciated what he saw: the whole hollow was full of chestnuts ... Without hesitation, the uarepa pounced on the treat.
He ate without stopping, and at last there was not a single chestnut left. Then the children came out of their hiding place, the uarepa appeared, and he said:
- Thank you. You managed to please me so much! I have never eaten so well.
And the children spread the prepared mat and said to uarepa:
- Lie down on the mat, we will carry you to the shore, and there you can have a good rest.
LIFTS
- Thank you - answered the spirit - it will just replace it. - And he lay down on the mat
With this heavy burden, the children went to the shore. They reached the rock of the Extraordinary Bed and from there they threw the monster into the sea. Thus, his end came.
(Eeatoso)
LIFTS
In Japanese mythology , deities are the patrons of the clan, as well as local deities.
УЕР
In the folklore of the Australian aborigines, a wonderful bird that lays square eggs.
UZLEM
In the folklore of the Australian Aborigines, a wonderful bird. She flies in circles gradually narrowing them and finally disappears in a puff of smoke with a loud cry of "Knot!"
WINKTEHI
In the myths of the Indians of North America (Sioux) , the spirits of water, at enmity with the thunder bird - Wokeon. These are sorcerers capable of inducing illusions. It was believed that due to the battle of Unktahe with Wokeon, the seasons change. See also WAKINYAN
ULDRA
In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, creatures living inside the hills, connoisseurs of ancient runes, skilled artisans Appearance of them is not very attractive, they look like tiny men whose bodies are covered with wool. They all have cow tails.
The legend says that one day a man fell in love with an Uldra woman and decided to marry her. In the evening he went to her hill and when she appeared he put a gun to her temple. The Uldra are powerless against steel, so the woman complied.
УМКОВУ
They lived together for several years. moreover, Uldra never missed a chance to remind her husband that he had taken her by force. Even the birth of her first child did not please her. Looking at the cola in which the baby lay, she said
It'll make a great roast.'
How dare you! - the husband was indignant. - You're his mother' - He grabbed a stick and began to walk around his wife. - Here you are!
But he had to bitterly regret his actions, Uldra took the poker and tied it around her husband like a rope.
УМКОВУ
In the myths of African peoples , a monster, a ferocious beast, whom the sorcerer calls to his aid by recreating from the bones of a recently deceased person, Umkovu looks like a huge spider with bloodshot eyes, he strikes his victims with poisonous spitting, paralyzing him with a loud cry. death chi
UNDINES
In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, as well as in alchemical tradition, water spirits Coming out of the water, undines take on the appearance of beautiful girls sitting on stones, they comb their wonderful hair and seduce men in every possible way If a person succumbs to deception. then they will either kill him or make him his beloved If an undine gives birth to a child on land from a mortal, she can gain a soul It is believed that the undines are the spirits of young women. committed suicide due to unhappy love
Men with a penchant for music have more than once tried to get along with the undines, for it is well known that they compose and play wonderful melodies on their harps. Fairy tales advise such musicians to wrap one end of the string around their waists and tie the other around a tree on the shore, otherwise the singing and music of the undines will enchant you so much, that you don't want to come back
Undine. Drawing by H. Robinson. From the Little Mermaid” G.Kh. Andersen
How do water spirits enter, along with gnomes, sylphs, and salamanders , into the alchemical
UNKTAHE
elemental quartet. Manly P Hall notes: “Undines work with the vital substances and fluids of plants, animals and people and are present literally wherever there is water. When undines are visible, they resemble Greek statues of goddesses. They rise from the water, shrouded in mist, and cannot long exist outside of it.
The poem by G. Heine, dedicated to the Rhine undine, is widely known;
“Day fades. Freshens in the valley, And the Rhine is drowsy.
Only on one peak
The sunset is still burning
There is a girl singing a song. Sits high above the water.
Her clothes are golden, And the comb in her hand is golden.
And her gold braid curls, And she scratches them with a comb. And the magic song flows. So strangely strong and tender.
And, captivated by mighty power. The rower does not look at the wave. Does not look at the reefs under the steep. He looks over there.
I know the wave is flaming. Forever will close over him.
And this is all Lorelei Made with her singing.
* (Translated by V. Levik)
UNKTAHE
See WINKTECH.
UPYRI
In Slavic mythology, the dead rise from the grave at night and attack people and animals in order to feast on blood. A.N. Afanasiev reports: “At the dead of midnight, leaving the graves, the ghouls take on various images, fly through the air, prowl on horseback around the neighborhood, raise noise and uproar and frighten travelers, or penetrate into huts and suck blood from sleepy people who follow then they certainly die: they especially love to suck the blood of babies. If the ghoul's folded hands are stiff,
URISK
if he is not able to separate them, then he resorts to the help of his teeth: and his teeth are like steel fangs and crush all sorts of barriers ... The pre-dawn crow of the roosters makes the ghoul instantly disappear, or throws him bloodied to the ground - in complete insensibility. Sprinkling the floor near the beds with fine salt, in the morning they notice the footprints left by the night guest: and digging up his grave, they find a dead man in it with a fresh blush on his cheeks and with dried blood on his lips.
Ghouls, as a rule, become fallow dead (see DOMOVIK); there are still beliefs that the dead person over whom a cat or other animal jumped over will become a ghoul. The same A.N. people from the graves are driven into the heart with an aspen stake, they are beaten, they are backhanded with an aspen log and their corpses are burned on an aspen fire.
In the literary tradition, starting with A.S. Pushkin, ghouls began to be incorrectly identified with ghouls, that is, werewolves.
URISK
In Scottish folklore , fairies are part human and part goat. Urisk brings happiness to the house in which he settles. he looks after the cattle and the farm. Sometimes he prefers to live not in a house, but in a cave near a waterfall, but he constantly misses human society, and therefore often pursues belated travelers at night, without causing them, however, the slightest harm. On a predetermined day, all the Urisks gather for a kind of solemn meeting.
URCHIN
In English folklore, the nickname of the fairies, associated with the fact that some bogies and pixies have a habit of turning into hedgehogs ("ursivn" is translated as "hedgehog"). In Shakespeare's play The Tempest, the magician Prospero sends urchins to Caliban:
UTBURD
“All night long - remember this - the spirits will stab you and convulse you.
Their pinches will make you prickly. Like a honeycomb, and their plucking will be Even more painful than bee stings.
*(Translated by M. Donskoy)
one legged man
UTBURD
In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, the bloodthirsty spirits of babies whom their parents left to die because they could not feed, or even left by unmarried mothers. Utburd accumulates strength for quite a long time, and then begins to attack lone travelers. Sometimes the victim receives a warning - he hears the cry of an utburd, sees a snowy owl - one of the guises of the spirit. However, even in this case, salvation is unlikely, because the Utburd is extremely fast and strong. He is as tall as a small house.
WINNING
In Sumerian mythology , evil demons with the ability to destroy and destroy all life around them. Utukku were feared more than death. Usually they took the form of "alu" - a one-legged and one-armed person. If this person even touched the victim, she instantly fell ill with leprosy. In the guise of "ekimmu" utukku, like the Celtic benpsh. came to the houses in which someone was about to die and began to moan plaintively.
FAAHIKEHE
FAAHIKEHE
In the myths of the Polynesians (Tonga), the common name of deities and spirits
FAVNS
In Roman mythology , the deities of the fields, forests, and pastures, the Fauns, cared for animals, but were notable for their violent temper and addiction to wine, which is why they often copulated with animals and pursued women. They also kidnapped children and sent nightmares and diseases. According to various myths, there were many fauns - and one in honor of which a special holiday was established - lupercalia.
Ovid in Fasti tells how King Numa caught the Faun and the soothsayer Peak and asked them for advice on how to turn away the lightning of Jupiter
“The deities of the forest come to the jets familiar there
And quench their thirst with abundant wine.
Overcome by their sleep: out of the cool cave comes out.
Numa and sleepy confuses their hands in a knot.
As soon as they woke up, they are now trying to bond
Faun plays the flute
Reset, but knots are knitted even stronger than the beating ones.
Numa then says: "Forest gods, forgive me"
Know that I have no evil intentions:
Just tell me how
to avoid lightning threats?
Nume says in response
Faun shaking his horns
You ask a lot, but we dare not reveal these secrets
We are gods, but we still have limited power.
We are the gods of the plains , and our power
only reaches the top
Gee, and Jupiter alone rules with his lightning.
★ (Translated by F Petrovsky)
FADY
See FEI
FAIRETS
FAIRETS
See FEI.
FINE
See WHITE LADIES.
FILES
See FEI.
ФАЛЯРОНЫ
See PHAROOHNS
PHAROOHNS
In Russian folklore, a special kind of mermaids. D.K. Zelenin cites the following legend about the origin of the pharaohs: “... when the Pharaoh’s army drowned in the Red Sea, all the drowned turned - men into watermen, and women and children into mermaids and dispersed in parties across the sea and along the rivers. They look like: the upper part of the body to the navel is human, and the lower part is fish. They sometimes stop ships on the sea and boats on the rivers and ask: will there be a terrible judgment soon? Do children continue to wear the "supper" to their godfather and godmother on the feast of the Nativity of Christ? Having received an affirmative answer to the first question, and a negative answer to the second, they rejoice; otherwise, out of vexation, even ships are sunk.”
According to another version of the legend, the pharaohs ask if the end of the world is coming soon. If they are told that it will not be soon, they hide under water crying. It is believed that it was from the pharaohs that people acquired notes and learn to sing from them. The same D.K. Zelenin describes the appearance of the pharaohs in the following expressions: “Women are as real as they are: with hair and boobs, only their tail is fishy - their legs have grown together; and the men all even with beards. In the old days, peasants often carved such images of pharaohs on boards that adorned the roofs of houses ... "
FAT
In Italian folklore , fairies are indescribable beauties. Many of them are known by their first names, including Fatu Alcina and Fatu Morgana. Fata Morgana lives in a palace that can sometimes be seen in the sky over the Strait of Messina (this mirage is named
FAT
fairies is called veil morganoi). The sailors who saw her chamber will strive to get there until the end of their days.
Veils are disposed towards people: those who are favored, they give gifts, but with those who are rude or cruel, being harsh, these people pay for impoliteness with beauty, health or good luck. Therefore, in the presence of a veil, one should behave politely. to appear in the form of old women and young girls or in the guise of animals True, those who happened to help an old woman in the forest were often surprised to find that this was not an ordinary woman, but a veil that rewarded them for their kindness
The veils are about five feet tall and very beautiful They walk almost always in white They live in grogs and caves in springs and trees They are most often seen at noon when the veils are most powerful
The tale says that one evening the girls were sitting and spinning and started talking about folletti and veils. Suddenly one declared that she did not believe in either of them: they say, all this idle speculation picked up and left, despite the persuasion of her friends. By the morning she hadn't returned.
We went looking and found her under a tall chestnut tree - with a spinning wheel in her heart.
They also say that one woman had two daughters - her own and her adopted one. Somehow she sent them on the water: her own - with a bucket and her stepdaughter - with a sieve And it happened that the girl dropped the sieve She ran to look and suddenly saw a muddy island on which a freak was sitting, your old woman holding her sieve in her hands
- Give me back my sieve grandmother asked the girl
- I'll return my dear, just do me a favor.
FAHAN
First, the old woman asked me to scratch her back. The girl killed the parasites that bothered the old woman, but said that it was pearls and diamonds that pricked. Then she cleaned the bed, which was infested with bugs, but said that she had found roses and lilies. Then she swept the house, which was full of dust, but said she swept the rubies.
The old woman led the girl to the wardrobe and offered to choose. The girl chose the simplest, but the old woman gave her the most expensive - a silk dress instead of a bumazeen one, a gold necklace instead of a coral one, diamond earrings instead of crystal ones. And in parting she said:
- You will always be beautiful, and your hair - golden. When you start combing them, roses and lilies will fall on one side, and rubies on the other. Come back and don't turn around when you hear the roar of a donkey. And when you hear the cock crow, turn around.
The girl obeyed, looked back after the cock's cry - and a star shone in her forehead.
The half-sister was worn out with envy and the next day also went to the veil. However, what she saw, she said, and chose the wrong gifts. Therefore, she returned home twice as ugly as she was, and a donkey's tail hung from her forehead.
FAHAN
In Scottish folklore, an ugly faerie, one look at which is sometimes enough to die of fear. He has one arm growing from his chest, one leg, and one eye in the middle of his face. According to some sources, a bunch of dark blue feathers, resembling a cockscomb, sticks out of the crown of a fakhan.
When the fahan is about to attack, these feathers stand on end. In his hand, he usually holds an iron chain or a leather whip, wielding which he can destroy an entire garden in a night. According to the descriptions, this is a very peculiar
chain - there are twenty links in it, fifty apples on each link, each of the apples is saturated with poison.
FEAKI
Wonderful people in Greek mythology.
magnificent seafarers, with whom no one can compare in this craft. If they get shipwrecked, then the feacs consider it their duty to deliver them to their homeland. Thus, according to the story of Іmer, Odysseus returned to Ithaca:
Fahan
“And Odysseus entered the fast ship: and silently
He lay down on the soft-wide carpet. And on the benches in order
The rowers sat down. untying the rope from the mooring stone,
They hit the oars at once and splashed dark moisture ...
Quickly (like a field of wide quadruple horses, incessantly
Strong persecuted by a scourge that strikes all collectively.
Slightly touching the ground with his feet, he easily makes
His way) the ship, raising the stern, ran, and, purple
Pushing behind a wave, its noisy sea
Rushed forward: he swam unhindered; and the falcon, the fastest
Between the feathered sky, he would not have caught up with him in flight ... "*
*("Odyssey" Translated by Zhukovsky)
FEI
In the folklore of the peoples of Western Europe, air creatures in snow-white outfits. They live near the streams in which they wash their dresses every evening. To dry the dresses, the fairies put them on and start dancing on the shore. Tem. whoever passes by at this moment is in serious danger: if they agree to dance, a grave awaits them at the bottom of the river. Very few people can resist the charm of fairies. They have pretty faces and a hypnotic gaze, and they can be distinguished by a snake tail or bird
paws instead of legs. They are able at will to turn into a cloud and into a veil of fog, into stone and moss. At village fairs, fairies sell gems and scraps of fabric - for fun, because when the buyer leans. to examine the goods, the fairy twists his arm and disappears with a chuckle.
Fairies, like all other fairies, should be treated with respect and should not be offended. and even more insulting. They should not be prevented from taking what they want, for they always return what they take, safe and sound.
If a fairy gives advice, it must be followed exactly, no matter how strange and incomprehensible it may seem. In no case should anyone tell anyone about the gifts of fairies.
FAIRY
In the folklore of the Germanic and Celtic peoples, primarily the Scots, Irish and Welsh, the general name for supernatural beings. Faeries include the elves and the Dini shi, the Tuatha Dé Danann and the tilwit teg, the Seelie and Unseelie Courts, and many others.
Fairies can be divided into several genera. There are fairies good and evil, heroic, wandering, tamed and lonely. To the heroic faeries belong those noble knights and beautiful ladies of whom the author of the Mabinogion narrates. Sir Thomas Malory and writers of courtly novels. A typical example of such a fairy is the young Tamlane, the hero of the ballad of the same name. He lived with relatives until one day he met a girl named Janet. They fell in love, and Tamlane asked Janet to rescue him.
“I was raised by my grandfather. And I did not know grief.
Until one rainy day I got into trouble.
In the forest, a cold wind howled In the evening of an evil day, I rode exhausted from the hunt And suddenly fell from my horse -
In her castle the Fairy Queen Has hidden me.
But it's scary to say, Janet:
Here in fairyland. Every seven years We bring a sacrifice to Satan;
There is no worthier knight here: They will appoint lots for me.
Tomorrow, you know. All Saints Day, And only on this night,
Janet, if you wish, You can help me.
Our people will ride on horseback In the dead midnight hour. At the crossroads of three roads
You will meet us.
- How can I recognize you, Tamlane,
How can I recognize you When that unearthly army travels across the earth?
- You skip the first horses.
Wrapped up in cloaks.
Let the second one pass.
Be brave and be quiet
Look at the third riders
Look for me among them.
Let the ravens pass. Janet,
And skip the bay
And grab the snow-white
Don't let go of the reins!
See - right hand
In a combat glove
And I will keep the reason
Free hand.
Fairy wedding. Ron and Jean Henry
Fix these signs. Do not let me through, And put the rider on the ground From the snoring horse.
They will immediately turn Me into a damask sword, But you hold on, do not let go.
Kohl want to help me.
And I will become in your hands the Serpent and the dragon, And I will become in your hands a red-hot iron.
I will rise in the hands of your Janet, Inextinguishable fire. - Hold me, don't let go - You'll be safe.
And they will turn me into a toad, And into a slippery eel, But hold on, don't let go. Don't be scared in vain.
And finally waiting for you
Another temptation:
In your arms I will become Naked, as at the hour of birth. Cover me with your cloak - And obsession will perish!
Severe and gloomy is the dark log, And everything around is terrifying.
Janet runs to the crossroads of three roads.
Suddenly she hears the ringing of steel bits And the clatter of hooves, And her heart beats in her chest With joy.
Gave way to the crows. She let the bay pass. Suddenly he sees: a snow-white horse With young Tamlane.
To the land of the rider she dragged into that one. same moment. Raincoat green wave Sheltered them two.
And Janet's chest is full of happiness:
Saved her fiancé!*
7 Translated by M. Kovaleva)
Wandering fairies are perhaps the most numerous group (by the way, heroic fairies, by and large, also belong to stray ones) They are very different in height, appearance and character, from vicious and bloodthirsty sluagh to tiny pixies falling asleep in cups of flowers
Lone faeries are those who are malicious by nature and prefer solitude to communicate. The only exception is brownies . Lone faeries differ from stray ones in that they prefer red clothes, while stray ones wear green chickens . duergars and naki levi (naturally, this list is far from complete).
The tamed fairies include those who have broken away from their fellows and stuck to people - the same brownie children's gods are fat and others.
Fae Origins
According to one theory, fairies are fallen angels; according to another, these are not angels at all, but real demons . There is also a hypothesis that these are the dead who have risen from the grave. It seems that most of the fairies belong - in the terminology of DK. Zelenin - to the mortgaged dead (see DOMOVIK) and only a few - let's say . Twata De Danann go sid - have a divine origin Some believe that the fairies are actually the spirits of the dead
Fairy face.
Fairies, without exception, are all distinguished by an inhuman, unearthly beauty, darkened, however, by some kind of ugliness. Let's say Elle women are written beauties, but if you go from behind, it turns out that the backs of their heads are hollow Scottish gleistigs wear long clothes to hide their goat hooves. Shetland lame flies Yin mi in faerie words can always be distinguished from a person by some bodily defect. Some have only one nostril or one eye - others have no nose at all, others have fangs sticking out of their mouths, fourth have webbed legs and arms, fifth have such long breasts that they have to be thrown behind their backs.
When it comes to clothing, most fairies prefer green tones. Many, however, prefer red, some - for example, diny shi - wear green jackets and red hats. Some fairies - the same silk or tilwit tag - choose white. On the Isle of Man, other fairies give
there is a preference for blue; there are also those who wear outfits of gray or black tones, but this is extremely rare. Fairy outfits are usually made up of a green chicken, dark trousers and a red cap or hat, sometimes with an owl feather. Almost all wandering fairies dress like this. Lonely fairies have red not only hats, but also jackets. These two colors are favorite among fairies. There are also such fairies who prefer robes of moss or fallen leaves - and even of cobwebs glued together with dew.
Fairies are of different heights, among them you can meet both short men and tall ones. An equal sign by which fairies can be distinguished from humans. - pointed ears A trained eye will also notice other features * webbed paws or turn feet backwards, noses without nostrils, slanting eyes or a tail sticking out from under clothes.
Fairy dwellings.
Most often, fairies settle in the hills. These hills are called "know" and dividing the gay into two parts - the outer one ("shshin") and the inner one ("bru" or tulmen) Shiin is a cave, and bru - a hall with a ceiling that rests on the columns. Bru usually live in several families of faeries at once, and loners live in tulmen. Sometimes you can see the entrance to the bru. tide (November II) it is better not to approach the hills at all on the night of November 11, fairies travel between the hills along their roads and paths spread like cobwebs. The entrance to the bru can also be seen at other times, for this you need to go around the hill nine times during the full moon - no more, no less. And then what is happening inside will appear to your eyes. By the way, on the hills that are known
Magic Country
Fairy Country is a country where fairies live. Sometimes it appears to the eyes of people as a ghostly, mist-shrouded island in the sea distance. This island has many names - Sharp Blessed. hai
Bresail (or Gi-Brazil), and the most famous is Inne Avalon or simply Avalon. On the island of Avalon rests the legendary King Arthur, who was transported there by three sorceresses after a bloody battle in which he received a mortal wound. In Wales, Fairyland is called Tir-Nan-Og, or the Land of Eternal Youth, but that is no longer an island, but a certain land lying beyond the sea in the west - or Tirfo Too Inn - Land-under-Waves. Secret paths lead to the Magic Land. It is believed that the passages to the Magic Land can be found at the bottom of the sea and in the depths of mountain lakes, as well as in the hills - it is not for nothing that the fairies are sometimes called "the people of the hills."
Time in Fairyland.
In Fairyland, time flows differently than in the human world. One day there is equal to several years, if not tens of years here. Sometimes the opposite happens.
The tale says that a certain young shepherd entered into a fairy dance - and found himself in a beautiful palace, where he spent many years in contentment and joy. He was not hindered in anything, only forbidden to drink from the fountain, in which gold and silver fish swam.
Secrets in the garden. Nemia Rucker
Once he could not resist and violated the ban.
scooping up water from a fountain. And then the palace disappeared, and the shepherd was on the hillside among his sheep. From the moment he entered the fairy dance, five minutes passed at most.
But still, much more often time in the Magic Land seems to slow down, and there are countless examples of this. The Irish saga "The Sailing of Bran, son of Febal" tells of the warrior Bran, who reached Emain Mahi - the Island of Women. One day Bran heard a wonderful
music: the melody was so sweet that it lulled the hero, and waking up, he saw an apple branch strewn with flowers next to him on the ground. When Bran returned home, a woman in strange clothes appeared to him and sang a song about the island of Emain. where there is no winter, no grief, no need, where the horses of the god Manan nan gallop in expanse and joy and fun reign. That song had these words:
Leprechaun shoemakers
“There is a far, far away island.
Around which the horses of the seas sparkle. Their running along the bright slopes of the waves is beautiful. An island stands on four legs.
The island stands on legs of white bronze. Glittering until the end of time Sweet country, forever strewn with many flowers.
Sorrow is unknown there and deceit is unknown. On the native land, fertile There is not a drop of bitterness, not a drop of evil. Everything is sweet music that does not hurt the ear.
Without sorrow, without sorrow, without death. Without disease, without decrepitude - This is the true sign of Emain.
Do not find an equal miracle for her. *
7 Translation by A. Smirnov)
The woman invited Bran to this island and suddenly disappeared. The apple branch also disappeared with her. Regretting the loss, Bran ordered the fleet to be equipped and the next morning set off. Soon Bran saw the island of Emain and spent what seemed to him only one year there. Then his companions began to yearn for their native Erin; stronger than others, Nekhtan rushed home. son of Kollbren. Bran succumbed to persuasion, but promised his beloved, the ruler of the Isle of Women, that he would return soon. Bran's fleet safely reached Ireland and stood near the coast: the hero told the locals his name and heard in response that Bran, the son of Febal. long time ago no longer alive that he is. as the ancient tales say. went to sea centuries ago. Impatient Nekhtan jumped overboard and forded
to land, but as soon as he stepped on the ground, before the eyes of the shocked companions, he turned into a decrepit old man, and then crumbled to dust. Then Bran ordered to turn back, and he was never seen again in Ireland.
Fairy crafts.
Fairies are wonderful craftsmen. Moreover, they not only work themselves, but also teach their craft to the people of the Fae, who are famous as skilled blacksmiths. First of all, the ego refers to the dwarfs, who forged many treasures and weapons. True, here the question arises of how they could do this - after all, none of the fairies is able to even touch the iron. Leprechauns make shoes all the time, but from time immemorial they have been fiddling with the same shoe, so that no one has yet seen the result of their labors. Kobolds and Stukans work in the mines and mines . In addition, fairies are excellent at housework (is it true that housework can be called a craft?).
Fairy fun and entertainment.
Each kind of fairy has its own fun and entertainment. Rogue faeries mostly indulge in the same pursuits as humans. Heroic faeries, such as the Seelie Court or the Dini shi, spend their time in aristocratic pleasures - dancing, playing music, hunting, and horseback riding. In addition, they are constantly at war with each other and with people. Barely healed from the wounds received in battle, the fairies go hunting. Good fairies hunt deer with their white red-eared dogs, while evil fairies hunt people, collect human souls. They rush across the sky with such a sound as if they were crying migratory birds; Slua horses have fire in their eyes. In addition, fairies go in for sports - in particular, they play ball. Football and grass hockey are popular among them, as well as chess. By the way, they are great chess players, and most human grandmasters are no match for them.
Tradition says that the Irish king Eochaid had a beautiful wife, Etain. Her
third party won
won the game, got what he wanted.
The first two games were won by Eochaid, who demanded from Mider a herd of horses and
beauty so struck Mider, one of the rulers of the Tuatha Dé Danann. that he was determined to take Etain for himself. One day he appeared in the palace of Eochaid and offered him three games
play chess. Eochaid agreed. That. who is the fulfillment of three wishes. And in