Chinese mythology. Behemoth with Leviathan - you can list for a long time.
In myths and folklore texts, wonderful animals act either as opponents of people, or as their helpers. Often, as the example of the Gray Wolf from Russian folk tales confirms, the helper animal initially acts as an opponent of the hero.
MIRACULOUS HERBS
In the folklore of any nation, wonderful herbs
are divided into two groups - herbs that protect against magic, and herbs that are used by sorcerers and witches as improvised means (often, for than, one and the same herb can both "tame" and protect). The grass that is inserted in the world, which is “the mother of all herbs,” the ІЪlubina book calls plakun-grass:
“Plakun-grass is the mother of all herbs.
Why is the plakun the mother of all herbs?
When the Jews crucified Christ,
Shed his holy blood
Mother Most Pure
Mother of God
For Jesus Christ, she cried a lot, For her son, for her beloved, She shed pure tears
Title page of Simplicis Simus, Mompelgart, MOSI.XIX
On the mother on the damp earth: From those from the tears of the most pure, the plakun-grass was born, - Therefore, the plakun-grass is the mother's herbs.
N.P. Sakharov in his "sorcerer's herbalist" mentions, in addition to plakun-grass, such herbs as thorn (from which guns shoot accurately), Adam's head (helps when hunting ducks), covered (against wedding slander). sleep-grass (causes prophetic dreams), nomad grass (fern, helps to find treasures), tirlich-grass (witch grass that helps to change appearance), gap- grass (opens any locks), nechuy-wind
Monsters from Chinese mythology
(calms the storm at sea and allows you to fish with your bare hands).
A.A. Korinfsky notes: “In the past, there were people who considered it possible to give herbs one or another strength at will. This ability was attributed to potion sorcerers. The slanderous word of the latter could let even plagues through completely harmless herbs ... Popular superstition attributed to sorcerers-sorcerers the power to let in all sorts of diseases - for the most part by slander over herbs and. in particular, over their roots ... ” The author names, in addition to those mentioned above, such wonderful herbs as reversible (love spell). kukoos (also love spell), odoen (repulsive), simtarin (helps in court and in battle), izlyudin (heals body and soul), perengos(it made it possible to walk on water as if on dry land) and some others.
Yuan Ke tells the following about miraculous herbs: “ Gan grass grew on Shaoxingshan Mountain with red stems and white flowers, with leaves like sunflowers and fruits resembling wild grapes. Stupid, having tasted this herb, became smart. On Mount Dakui, landu grass grew in appearance the same as yarrow, but all covered with long fluff, it bloomed with green flowers, and its fruits were white. People who ate stew from this grass lived a long time ... "
In English folklore, two plants are known at once under the name "John's grass" - St. John's wort (this is one of the most effective means of protection against fairies) and fern. On John's night, the fern blossoms, but only for a moment. To follow him. it takes great courage, for the fairies keep vigilant watch over the blooming ferns. Anyone who manages to find and pick a flower will become invisible and can watch the fairies' entertainment all night long. There is also spring grass - a plant endowed with unusual properties. To get her. you should find a hollow in which a woodpecker lives and plug the hole; finding that it is impossible to get home, the woodpecker will fly away and soon return with spring grass, which, in particular, unlocks closed doors.
and?
A monster in the form of a gun. Jacques Callot, The Temptation of St. Anthony fragment
MIRACLE-YUDO
Monster. From Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok, Thailand
Yeruslan Lazarevich fights with a multi-headed dragon. Russian lubok
MONSTERS
In the mythology and folklore of various peoples, supernatural beings are usually ugly, disgusting in appearance and endowed with gigantic strength and ferocity. They are extremely hostile towards people and constantly kidnap them in order to eat them later. Among the most famous monsters are the Lernaean Hydra. Behemoth and Leviathan. Serpent Gorynych and other snakes and dragons (by the way, most often monsters have a snake appearance).
In Russian folklore, a huge creature, whose appearance is not described in detail, It is only mentioned that the miracle Yudo is a giant
some sizes: from fairy texts you can
understand that it is something
like a giant snake. Sometimes the "lawless Miracle Yudo" is identified with the Sea King or the Serpent Gorynych. In fairy tales, Chudo-Yudo has two keys: if you drink water from one, you will become a powerful hero, if you wet your head with the water of another, your hair will turn golden. Two ointments of Miracle-Yud are also known: rub the head first - the hair will become silver, rub the second - they will become golden
CHUD
In Russian folklore, a wonderful people who lived in the north. These are white-eyed people, giants and cannibals who once besieged Jerusalem. Chud lives in the forest where he hides his
CHUNMIN
Monster
hidden treasures. N.N. Kharuzin in his “Materials collected among the peasants of the Pudozh district of the Olonets province” reports: “King Island is still being shown. on which, according to legend, the remains of the broken Chud were destroyed, who escaped to this island: here the whole Chud lay down. This island is considered sacred: it was overgrown with forest and cutting this forest was considered sinful and dangerous, since if the murdered Chud herself did not stand up directly for her rights, then she subsequently had to take revenge one way or another on the one who offended her shrine.
CHUNMIN
In Chinese mythology, the miraculous bird Yuan Ke says: "Yaoruled the country for many years. Towards the end of his reign, the people of the Zhizhi country gave him a chunming - a bird with double pupils. She was called so because there were two pupils in each of her eyes. She looked like a rooster, sang like a phoenix. She threw off all her plumage and ascended completely naked. The chunming bird could exorcise evil spirits and drive away wolves, tigers, leopards and jackals. She ate only jade paste. After the bird settled with Yao, it still often flew to its homeland and sometimes did not return for several years. Everyone was very much looking forward to her return, they cleaned and swept the yards in order to adequately meet her. If she did not return for a long time, people carved her image from wood or smelted it from metal and hung it on the gate. Evil spirits andthe werewolves, seeing this image, were frightened and ran far away.
CHENGHUANG
Sea monster devours its prey
CHENGHUANG
Sea monster
In Chinese mythology, a wonderful beast that lived in the Land of White People, whose entire body and even hair was white. Chenghuang looked like a fox, he had two horns growing on his back. He ran very fast: therefore, these animals were also called feihuang - “flying yellow”. Tradition says that people who have ever ridden chenghuang lived for two thousand years.
SHADHAVAR
SHADHAVAR
In Iranian mythology, a wonderful animal that looks like an antelope. Shadhawar is a ferocious predator. His horns are hollow and twisted, and each turn has a hole; when the wind blows, these horns begin to make melodious sounds. The music is so pleasing to the ear that it enchants other animals, while the shadhavar calmly sneaks up on the unsuspecting victim.
SHAITANS
In Muslim mythology, a kind of jinn Each person has his own angel and his own shaitan, who accompany him throughout his life and induce one to good, the other to evil. It was believed that poets and soothsayers are the mouths of shaitans, that they only repeat the words that they whisper to them. Chief Shaitan is the Muslim devil.
SHAMIR
In Jewish folklore, an outlandish creature. able to eat stone. The Lord created the shamir on the sixth day of creation, and King Solomon used it. to cut stone blocks for the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. Like the salamander, the shamir is invulnerable to fire. According to the legend. The Great Flood was caused by the fact that God was afraid of the steadily increasing power of the shamir.
Russian folklore has altered the legend. Among the Russians, the shamir does not gnaw the stone himself, but uses an improvised tool. The apocrypha "The Judgments of Solomon" tells about that. that King Solomon ordered to catch Kitovras. for he alone knew how to build a temple. When Kitovras was brought before the king. Solomon said:
“I did not bring you on a whim , but to ask how the Holy of Holies was built. I brought you by the command of the Lord, since I am not allowed to hew stones with iron.
And Kitovras said: “There is a small cocotte bird named Shamir. The cocotte leaves its children in its nest on a stone mountain in the far desert. Solomon sent his boyar with his servants, at the direction of Kitovras, to the nest. And Kitovras gave the boyar transparent glass and ordered him to hide at the nest: "When the cocotte flies out, cover the nest with this glass." The boyar went to the nest:
SHARKAN
and in it - the chicks are small, the cocotte flew away for food. - and he blocked the mouth of the nest with glass. We waited a bit, and the cocotte flew in. wanted to climb into the nest.
Traditional fabulous creatures: dragons and sphinxes with the bodies of birds. ornamental decoration
The chicks squeak through the glass. And he can't get to them.
Then he took that. that he kept in a certain place, and brought it to the nest and laid it on the glass, although it should be seated. Then the people shouted and he released it. And taking it, the boyar brought it to Solomon.
SHARKAN
In Hungarian folklore, the winged dragon has three to twelve heads, a ferocious temperament, and constantly fights with the knights. There are also legends about a one-headed dragon - an assistant to a sorcerer.
SHEDIM
In Judaic mythology, evil spirits to whom, according to Deuteronomy, sacrifices were made (Deut. 32:17). Shedim - shaggy creatures with bird's paws. They bring damage and evil eye to people, teach witchcraft. According to popular beliefs, the souls of blasphemers turn into shedim.
SHEDU
See ALAD.
SILK
In English folklore , brownie women are called silkies because they wear silk dresses. The mulberries do their homework and punish negligent servants. They do not live in
houses, but on trees, and guard the dwellings of their owners. When they are in the mood to play pranks, they begin to scatter what they themselves have recently removed. If you offend a silk thread, it, like the rest,
SHENNYU
brownies, turns into a boggart. You can cope with the raging silk thread only by threatening it with a rowan cross
SHENNYU
see xiannu
SHESHA
In ancient Indian mythology, a thousand-headed serpent that supports the earth. This is the king of the Nagas, he serves as a bed for the god Vishnu, who rests between the creations of the world. At the end of each kalpa (see SUBHADEVA). Shesha spews poisonous flames that destroy the universe. It is believed that earthquakes occur when Shesha yawns.
SHIZHOU
In Chinese mythology, a wonderful animal, "sighted flesh" Yuan Ke describes it as follows: "... this is a living creature, completely devoid of bones and limbs, which was only a lump of meat, somewhat reminiscent of a bull's liver, but with a pair of small eyes. People considered this strange creature the most beautiful food, because ... its meat could not be eaten without a trace: eat a piece, and the same one grows in this place. And the shizhou regains its former form. For the great ancestors who rested in the earth, it served as never-ending food, and if this monster was at hand, then there was no need to think about how to fill the stomach.
CIPHER
In Irish folklore, tiny wandering fairies. They wear hats shaped like foxglove flowers. The ciphers are most often said to kidnap young girls and children, leaving changelings instead. According to some sources, the cipher strive to obtain an immortal soul and therefore even tend to believe in Christ.
shishigi
In Russian folklore, a variety of mermaids Shishigi live in ponds and lakes. They are naked women with loose hair, who from time to time come out of the water to comb their hair with a comb.
SHULIKUNS (SHULIKUNS)
A.M. Remizov wrote: “Well, how can one not be embarrassed here - what else is a comet! - Philosophy has been worse, at least about the same shishiga tail: as if a shishiga will close you with a tail and you will disappear and. No matter how much you look, they won’t find you, and you won’t find yourself either.”
D.K. Zelenin gives such a story (according to
I.N. Smirnov’s materials): “One fisherman ... once going out to the lake to go fishing. I saw a shishiga sitting on a tussock and braiding her hair into a braid. Shishiga, noticing the peasant, dived into the water, and left the comb with which she combed her hair on a bump. The fisherman swam up to the hummock in a boat, took the comb and brought it to his hut. On the same day, as soon as it got dark and the whole family of the fisherman went to bed, there was a knock on the door and the voice of the shishiga. plaintively begging the fisherman to return the comb to her. The fisherman opened the window and threw away the comb - the shishiga quickly grabbed it and disappeared.
SHULIKUNS (SHULIKUNS)
In Russian folklore , demons are tiny men "as tall as a fist" that appear among people on the eve of Christmas Eve. They run through the streets holding pans of coals or red-hot hooks in their hands, and
The back of the chair is made from a tree trunk. 17th century Historical Museum, Stockholm
attack passersby. The rascals also tease drunks, who can be lured to the hole and drowned: they steal everything that is not supposed to be blessed: they scare children. They are dressed in white caftans with sashes and pointed hats. It was believed that the shulikuna-
we become the souls of babies cursed by their mothers, that is, swindlers are among the pledged dead (see DOMOVIK). Among
SHUPILTY
people they spend a strictly limited period - from Christmas Eve to Epiphany, after which they hide under water. N. I. Tolstoy considered the Shulikuns to be relatives of the Karakondzhals .
SHUPILTY
Shoupilty
TICKLERS
See LESHIE.
TICKLES
See MERMAIDS.
In the folklore of the inhabitants of the Shetland Islands, tiny water horses. Like other water horses, their favorite prank is to jump into the water with the rider. It cannot be said that shupilti are cruel and bloodthirsty, but they drink the blood of drowned people.
Eumenides
Eumenides
See ERINIA
EINHERIA
In Scandinavian mythology, the warriors who make up the army of Odin, who fell in battles, are taken by the Valkyries and taken to the heavenly chamber of Valhalla, where they feast and fight among themselves in the Younger Edda "it is said • Every day they just get up, they put on armor and. coming out of the Galatians, they fight and strike each other to death .. And when the time comes for breakfast, they go back to Valhalla and sit down to feast ” Elder E for me adds
• Andhrimnir cooks Sahrimnir-boar in Eldhrimnir chan - the meat is excellent, but few people know that they feed the einheryas. *
*(Translated by Tikhomirov)
ELLE
Einherias drink honey and roast the boar Sehrim nira
In the folklore of the Scandinavian peoples, spirits In contrast to many other spirits, Elle are not afraid of sunlight, Elle women often ride on the sun's rays, penetrating with them into the keyholes of people's houses, and men like to sunbathe in the morning Elle predict the future may rise those who are favored by the secrets of ancient wisdom, and especially love to dance. On moonlit nights they dance in swamps to the accompaniment of violins and guitars Tam. where the elle danced the grass grows thicker. Their music is so enchanting that it takes a few chords to make a person lose his mind.
the cow will swallow the grass on which the elle was danced, she will get sick and soon will be left of her
Meeting with Elle is fraught with mortal danger for a person. Their breath alone is fatal - it causes illness and even death. A man who sees a woman - elle will leave his family to be near her. And if a mortal woman catches a man elle sunbathing in the sun, she will follow him to his house, forgetting about her own. If only a shell and she herself will go into the herds of elle.
The most formidable danger lurks in the round dances of the elle; a person who enters the circle is forever lost to this world.
Elle women are tall and beautiful, with long blond hair, but if you go behind them, you can see that their backs are hollow. The men are slightly shorter, stooped, look old and wear wide-brimmed hats. Elles live in swamps, near rivers and in the hills. Their houses can only be seen once. then they disappear forever. People who have visited Elle claim to have seen wonderful gardens.
The tale says that a certain shepherd dozed off in the sun and did not notice how a beautiful girl appeared in front of him. She said in a charming voice
-Do you want to drink. Take my breast, don't be afraid.
The shepherd was so astounded that he obeyed. He fancied he heard snippets of Elle
conversations, the sound of music. Some time later - it seemed like an eternity - he came to his senses and moved home.
The family immediately suspected that something was wrong with him, and forced him to eat a piece of
Farmer Rowley and Ellyle
raw meat. Immediately after this, the young man fell into oblivion and lay there for three days.
The meat saved his life, but not his mind. Waking up shis. he stopped recognizing anyone and kept talking about the wonderful country in which he had visited with his beloved.
ELLILLDAN
In Welsh folklore , stray lights. Like their relatives, they love to knock travelers off the road and lead them into swamps and ravines.
ellilles
In Welsh folklore, tiny fairies whose food is toadstools and "magic oil" is that substance. which can be found in the roots of old trees.
The legend says that a certain farmer was a walking misfortune: if other animals grew, his whole herd died out, if there was hail, he fell only on his field. The farmer's wife was bedridden. The poor fellow was so exhausted that he decided to quit everything, but here. suddenly an ellill appeared and said that from now on he had nothing to worry about: let the wife sweep the hearth and light a candle, and they would take care of the rest. The farmer obeyed: and every night voices sounded in his house, laughter was heard, and in the morning everything turned out to be cleaned. The farmer began to get rich, but one night the farmer's wife decided to look at the ellils: she crept into the kitchen and looked through the crack. The Ellyls laughed so contagiously that the woman could not stand it and burst out laughing too. At that moment, the candle went out and everyone fled. The ellilles did not return again, but the farmer, thanks to their former care,
ELVES
ELVES
Spirits in the mythology and folklore of the Germanic peoples . These are the descendants of the Scandinavian elves and Irish sids, who inherited the mischief of the former and the majesty and beauty of the latter. Like elves, elves are divided into light, cheerful and mischievous, and dark - harsh and even cruel. Light elves have golden hair, wonderful melodious voices, they often play magic harps. They are not at all afraid of sunlight, but only a child born on Sunday and with one foot in a witch's ring can see them. The dark elves include, for example, the Scottish ones, who kidnap people, send damage to livestock and cruelly avenge the offenses caused to them.
Fairy tales say that not so long ago - of course, by the standards of the inhabitants of the Magic Land - the elves were different: tall, slender, stately. But either they were knocked down by some kind of illness, or they became victims of witchcraft ... In general, the elves gradually began to decrease in height (this is where the baby elves appeared on the pages of Shakespeare's works). Now there are no such elves left at all: they have all gone to the Magic Land.
elven spring
EMMORIS
In medieval bestiaries, a snake, which, attacking people, behaves like a boa constrictor - compresses the victim in its rings and squeezes blood out of it.
EMPUSA (EMPUSA)
In Greek mythology , a monster that was part of the retinue of the goddess Hekate. This goddess was considered the goddess of sorcerers and ghosts, she wandered the earth at night, accompanied by all kinds of monsters. (It is curious that some researchers compared the procession of Hekate with the Wild Hunt). R.Graves in
ENNEAD
The 'Myths of Ancient Greece' describes the empousa thus. “The vile demons called empousas were the children of Hecate and wore copper shoes on donkey feet, unless, of course, those who claim that they had one donkey foot and the other bronze were wrong. They loved to frighten travelers, but they themselves could be easily frightened off by a swear word they heard. screeching, took to flight. Empusa can take the form of bitches, cows or beautiful girls, and it was in the form of virgins that they seduced men, shared a bed with them at night or during daytime sleep and sucked the life forces out of them until they died.
ENNEAD
In Egyptian mythology, the nine gods of Heliopolis, who were considered the first kings of Egypt. This is Atum, Shu. Tefnut. Geb. Chickpeas. Osiris Isis, Seth, Nephthys Subsequently, each city began to have its own enneads.
ERDLUITLE
In the folklore of the Swiss and Italians, "earthen people". These spirits terribly dislike showing their legs to mortals: the fact is that instead of feet, they have Erdluitl's crow's feet control the weather, can cause storms and hurricanes, floods and avalanches, predict whether the year will be fruitful, and make it clear when it's time to harvest. They take care of livestock, they know how to make cheese from fallow deer milk, they can turn tree leaves into gold and gems. If you do not offend the erdluitl, they will bring good luck to the house.
They are from one and a half to three feet tall, their skin is dark brown, they wear long red or black hooded cloaks over green, blue or gray jackets. Some have ears like animals. Airdluitl feed on roots, berries, pears and pork. They live in dark caves or underground.
The tale says that a certain shepherd once forgot to pray before going to bed, and in the morning seven cows were missing. He searched for them for a long time and in vain, and then decided to behave like this. as if the cows had not gone away, only became invisible: he milked and fed them along with
everyone. A year passed, and when the shepherd drove the herd into the meadow, the missing cows appeared out of nowhere, and with them seven calves, who were accompanied by an erdluitl.
There is another story about that. that the inhabitants of one town, especially children, were friends with the Airdluitl. and they often gave them gifts. Once an Airdluitl said to a boy:
- Hold out your hand. I'll give you something.
The boy obeyed willingly. Great was his disappointment when the Airdluitl placed a piece of coal in his palm.
- I do not need such a gift! - shouted the boy and threw the coal on the floor.
In the morning, while dressing, he noticed that something glittered on the floor. And when he bent down, he saw that the coal miraculously turned into a precious stone.
ERINII (ERINNI)
In Greek mythology, the goddesses of revenge, who were born from mother earth Gaia, who absorbed the blood of the castrated god Uranus. Three Erinyes - Alecto, Tisiphon and Megara They live in Hades, but from time to time they appear among people to arouse revenge and anger. Aeschylus in the "Eumenides" puts into the mouth of Apollo, expelling the Erinyes from the temple, the following words:
“Won. I command you! get out
From these hells! Away from the soothsayer! The hour is uneven - it will sting, from a golden bowstring Having fluttered, a snake - a silver-winged flyer: You will vomit from pain with black foam All clots of blood licked from fresh wounds.
Here is a temple, not a place of execution, where they beat with a whip.
Gouge out eyes. cut heads.
Stones strike, quarter, tear. They hoard, mutilate, with a long howl writhing Impaled. That's where the holiday is for you.
This is your joy - what shows us your temper, hateful table! And that's your look!
You, bloodsuckers, should nest in the cave of bloodthirsty lions!
ERINII(ERINNI)
*(Translated by Vyach. Ivanov)
ERTSINIA
According to Aeschylus, the Erinyes reconciled with the new gods (see OLYMPIC GODS) and received the name Eumenides, that is, "good-minded."
A.F. Losev notes that “the image of the Erinyes has gone from chthonic deities protecting the rights of the dead to organizers of cosmic order.”
In Roman mythology, the Furies correspond to the Erinyes .
ERTSINIA
In the folklore of the Germanic peoples, a wonderful bird. In the dark, Ercinia feathers glow so brightly that you can read in this light.
ESTRI
In Jewish folklore , the vampire. Estri appears at night, taking the form of a nanny so that it is easier to get close to the children whose blood she feeds on. Her true appearance inspires disgust and horror: she has a wolf face, a human body and bat wings. However, Estri tries not to show herself to anyone in this form. To not recognize her. as soon as you enter the house. she strives to eat a piece of bread or a pinch of salt. If she is interrupted, she will die. So that Estri does not come to life again, you should fill her mouth with earth.
ETHIOPIES
In Greek mythology, a wonderful people living at the southern reaches of the earth. The Ethiopians, like the Hyperboreans, are kind to the gods, who often feast with them. The Ethiopian army helped Priam defend Troy from the Achaeans.
Iomer in the Odyssey mentions Poseidon, who was visiting the Ethiopians:
"But at that time he was in a remote country of the Ethiopians
(Extreme people settled in two ways: one, where descends
God is luminous, others, where it rises), so that there from the people
Lush fat bulls and rams accepted hecatomb.
He is there. sitting at a feast, having fun ... "*
*(Translated by V. Zhukovsky)
ECHIDNA
In Greek mythology , a monster, the granddaughter of mother earth Gaia. This is a half-snake, half-maiden, she lived in an underground cave and grabbed everyone who dared to pass by the entrance to the cave. From Typhon and the giant Gerion, Echidna gave birth to many monsters - Orff, Cerberus, the Lernean hydra Chimera, the Sphinx ... According to Apollodorus, Echidna died at the hands of the hundred-eyed giant Argus: “He was distinguished by extraordinary strength and killed the bull that devastated Arcadia, and put his skin on myself. He also killed Satyr, who oppressed the inhabitants of Arcadia and took away their cattle. They also say that he killed Echidna, the daughter of Gaia and Tartarus, who abducted travelers, finding her sleeping.
EH-USH KA
In Scottish folklore , water horses. insidious and dangerous. Sometimes they turn into beautiful young men or giant birds. Eh-ear in human form can be recognized by the algae in the hair. Posing as a horse, the eh-ushka seems to invite you to sit on yourself, but whoever dares to do so will face a tragic end: the horse jumps into the water and devours its rider, and then the waves throw the victim’s liver ashore. Unlike kelpies, which live in running water, echushkas live in seas and lakes.
ECHIDNA
Tradition says that a man lost his daughter. The next morning on the shore of the lake, in which, according to rumors, the ekh-ushka lived. found her body. The man decided to take revenge. He forged huge iron hooks and heated them to white heat, while his son roasted a sheep, and the smell floated over the lake. Then an eh-ushka appeared from the water and grabbed a sheep, but the father and son attacked him with hooks and killed him. And in the morning there was no corpse on the shore, not even bones - only a jelly-like substance. like a melted jellyfish.
yu
yu
In ancient Chinese mythology , the demons that lived in the country of Yumin, along with another "reptiles" - shegunchun. Yuan Ke says: “They were very poisonous and lived in mountain streams in the south. The reptiles yu resembled turtles two or three chi long and caused a lot of harm to those who hunted them. It was said that their mouth was like a crossbow, they spat poison at people, from which their legs were bent, fever began. convulsions, a headache, and abscesses appeared on the skin. With mild poisoning, a person was ill for a long time, with severe poisoning, he certainly died. In the Book of Songs, yu reptiles are compared to werewolves. This comparison shows how much harm they caused. But the inhabitants of the Yumingo country not only were not afraid of poisonous reptiles, but even hunted for them and ate them ... "
YUNYU
See xiannu.
YUMALA
In the myths of the Balts and Finns, the common name for deities, spirits , etc.
yumis
Yu-lun, other whale. picture
In Latvian mythology, a field deity. Yumis differed in cereals - rye, barley, linseed, etc. For most of the year, yumis sleep under rocks or under turf. At harvest time, the yumis is awakened, they begin to drive around the whole field, they catch it, then they tear their hair, cut off their heads (here the myth turns into an agrarian rite). Each yumis has a family - a wife and a son (or several children).
JUNONS
In Roman mythology, supernatural beings, guardian spirits of women. Each woman had her own juno (cf. GENIUS). Chief among the Junos is Juno, the goddess of marriage and motherhood, the wife of Jupiter. She is also called Lunina ("bright"), Rumina
JUNONS
("nurse"), Moneta ("adviser") and other names.
Ovid in the Fasti says:
“Honor the goddess with flowers! Flowers are desired by the goddess!
Wrap your forehead with a delicate floral wreath.
So say: “You are for us, Lucina. opened the light of life,
So beg: "You will ease the pain of childbirth for us."
And if you are pregnant. begging, letting your hair down:
“Let me give birth without pain to my fetus that I have borne.” *
*(Translated by F. Petrovsky)
Juno Sospita. Marble, 2nd half of the 2nd c. n. e. Rome, Vatican Museums
YAZATS
Lionhead Mithra
YAZATS
In Iranian mythology , deities, assistants of Ahuramazda. When the theology of Zoroastrianism, which denied the existence of any gods other than the One, was superimposed on mythology, the old gods began to be called yazats. In the comments to the "Avesta" I.V. Rak says:“... the cults of the old gods, rejected by Zarathushtra, were never interrupted among the people and were soon accepted by the followers of Zarathushtra themselves, who for this purpose introduced into theology a special new concept of “yazaty” ... referring to all the rejected gods (except for Indra. Nasatya and some others). All other texts of the Avesta, except for the Gathas, ascribe to the Yazats a hierarchical position lower than that of the deities of Amesha-Spenta, and single out the most revered among the Yazats - Akhurs proper: Mithra and Apam-Napata... In the Pahlavi sources of the concept "akhur" and "yazaty" are actually synonyms.
YAKUL
In medieval bestiaries, a snake that attacks its prey from a tree branch.
yakshas
In ancient Indian mythology, half-gods are beautiful, strong-bodied young men (or dwarfs with pendulous bellies and short arms and legs), assistants to the god of wealth Kubera, guarding his treasures and reserved gardens. The Vishnu Purana says:
“Then from Brahma, who took another body, the essence of which was the matra of Passion. hunger was born, and from it anger was born.
And then Bhagavan (Vishnu - K. K.) released the creatures tormented by hunger into the darkness, and these generated creatures, ugly, with beards, ran up to the lord.
Those of them. who said "Oh. no need, spare (rakshats) him! ”, - began to be called rakshasas, and others who said: “Eat (yakshats) him!”, - yakshas from the word “devouring” (yakshana)”.
As a rule, yakshas are benevolent towards people. However, in Buddhist mythology, they
yal
very bloodthirsty, especially this applies to yakshini - female yakshas. Yakshini eat human flesh and drink the blood of children.
YAL
In medieval bestiaries and European "eastern" folklore, a wonderful animal that lives in India. He has the body of a horse, the tail of an elephant, and the head of a boar with a goat's beard. Yala's head is crowned with two twisted horns, which he can direct together and separately in any direction. Because of these horns, the Indians allegedly used yalov to guard temples - so that they would drive away evil spirits and robbers. It was also believed that the yawl was the sworn enemy of the basilisk , so the knights often took this animal as a coat of arms.
YANMUSY
See lo-shen
YARTKINS
Fairies in English folklore . who help people by increasing the fertility of the earth. As a reward, they expect cream and milk, and if they forget about it, they become dangerous.
The legend says that in one area it rained for a long time, the water in the river began to rise rapidly and flooded several villages. And then on the night of the new moon, all the people came out of their homes. stood on the bank of the river and turned to the Yartkins for help. In response, a cry of a lapwing was heard - this meant that the request was heard: and in the morning everyone saw that the water had subsided.
YATUDHANA
Courtesan in the form of a yakshini. Relief of a fence post from a stupa. Bhutesar. Kushan period, Iv. Kolkata, Indian Museum
In ancient Indian mythology , demons endowed with magical powers. The Yatudhanas were part of the Rakshasa Ikhatotkacha army. who fought with the army of the hero Karna. Ghatotkacha cast an illusion under the cover of which “ lions, tigers and hyenas, snakes with fiery tongues and birds with iron beaks flocked to the battlefield from all sides ... And rakshasas and pishachas , yatudhanas and bristling wolves rushed from everywhere to Karna, devour it” (“Dronaparva”). But the hero repulsed the attack and dispelled the illusion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Avesta in Russian translations. SPb., 1997
Aulus Gellius Attic Nights Tomsk, 1993
Apollodorus Mythological Library (LP)
M, 1993
Ariosto L. Furious Roland M., 1993
Atharva Veda: Selected M., 1995
Afanasyev A.N. Poetic views of the Slavs on nature vols. 1-3 M., 1994
Afanasiev A. N. The origin of the myth M., 1996
Budge Wallis Egyptian Religion. Egyptian magic M., 1996
Bauer V.. Dumots I., Golovin S. Encyclopedia of Symbols M., 1995
Bunyan John Pilgrim's Way Brussels, b. G.
Beowulf - in the book: Beowulf. Elder Edda. Song of the Nibelungs M., 1975
Bible. Books of the Old and New Testament M, 1994
Biruni Abu Reyhan India M., 1995
Borges X. L. Encyclopedia of fictional creatures - in the book: Borges X. L. Encyclopedia of fictional creatures SouchekL.
Encyclopedia of General Delusions Minsk, 1994
Borges X. L. Collected works in 3 volumes. Riga, 1994
Bulychev K Fantastic bestiary SPb., 1995
Wagner Richard Ring of the Nibelung M., 1910
Virgil Bucoliki Georgics. Aeneid (BAL) M., 1979
Veselovsky A. N. Historical poetics L., 1940
Veselovsky A. N. Slavic legends about
Solomon and Kitovras and Western legends about Morolf and Merlin St. Petersburg, 1872
Vishnu Purana St. Petersburg, 1995
Geoffrey of Monmouth History of the Britons M., 1984;
Heinrich Heine Poems Poems. Prose M, 1971;
Gendel M Cosmogonic concept St. Petersburg, 1994
Herodotus History (PIM) M., 1993
Howard R Collected works in 4 volumes. Minsk, 1992
Pigeon book: Russian folk spiritual poems of the 11th-19th centuries. M., 1991
Homer Iliad (LP) L., 1990
Homer Odyssey (BAL) M., 1981
Goran V.P. Ancient Greek mythology of fate Novosibirsk, 1990
Graves R. Myths of ancient Greece M., 1992
Dal V.I. About beliefs, superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people SPb., 1994
Dal V. And Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language in 4 vols. M., 1990
Demonology of the Renaissance M., 1996 Jong E. Witches - in: Foreign Literature, No. 3, 1992
Ancient Chinese Philosophy of the Han Era M., 1990
Eleonskaya E. N. Tale, conspiracy and witchcraft in Russia M., 1994
Efimenko PS Materials on the ethnography of the Russian population of the Arkhangelsk province - in the book: Dal V.I., On beliefs, superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people, St. Petersburg, 1994
Zabylin M. I. Russian people, their customs, rituals, legends, superstitions and poetry M., 1991
Mysterious creatures Smolensk, 1996
Zelenin D.K. East Slavic ethnography M., 1991
Zelenin D. K. Essays on Russian mythology M., 1995
Jordan V. B. Beasts, gods, people M., 1991
Icelandic sagas. Irish Epic M, 1973
Kalevipoeg Tallinn, 1979
Calendar customs and rituals in the countries of foreign Europe: spring holidays M., 1977
Calendar customs and rituals in the countries of foreign Europe: summer-autumn holidays М„ 1978
KitsD. Poems L., 1986
Kojiki' Notes on deeds of antiquity St. Petersburg, 1994
Koran in 2 volumes. Translation by G. S. Sablukov M., 1990
Quran Translation by I. Yu. Krachkovsky M., 1990
Corinthian Apollo Narodnaya Rus M 1995
Korolev K. M. Neighbors on the planet - in: If, No. 9, 1994
Korolev K M. Many-sided name - in: If, No. 11-12, 1994
Korolev K. M. Hero as a hero - in: Book Review, No. 47, 1994
Kostyukhin E A Types and forms of the animal epic M. 1987
Levy-Bruhl L. Supernatural in primitive thinking M., 1994
The Legend of Dr. Faust M, 1978
Livy Titus History of Rome from the founding of the city in Zt M., 1989
Losev A. F. From early works M., 1990
Losev A. F. Essays on ancient symbolism and philosophy M., 1993
Lucan Mark Annei Farsalia M., 1993
Mabinogion: Fairy Legends of Wales M., 1995;
Meyrink Gustav Angel of the West Window St. Petersburg, 1992
Maksimov S. V. Unclean, unknown and cross power St. Petersburg, 1994
Mahabharata: Adiparva (LP) M., 1992
Mahabharata: Aranyakaparva M., 1987
Mahabharata: Virataparva (LP) M.. 1993
Mahabharata: Dronaparva (LP) M, 1992
Mahabharata: Sabhaparva (LP) M., 1992
Mahabharata: Shalyaparva M., 1996
Meletinsky E. M. Poetics of myth M. 1995
Men A V. The history of religion in search of a way, truth and life M .. 1992
Milton John Poems and poems M., 1976 Mythological dictionary M, 1990
Myths of the peoples of the world In 2 t. M., 1982
Myths, legends and tales of Western Polynesia M. 1986
Myths, legends and fairy tales of the Fijians M., 1989
Younger Edda M.. 1994
Malory Thomas The Death of Arthur M., 1993
Ovid Works in 2 volumes. St. Petersburg, 1994
Orlov M. A. The history of human relations with the devil M., 1991
Pausanias Description of Hellas in 2 vols. M., 1994
Petronius Satyricon - in the book. Roman satire (BAL) M., 1989
Pindar. Bacchilid Odes. Fragments (LP) M 1980
Platon Collected works in 4 volumes (FN) M., 1993
Plutarch Comparative biographies (LP) M, 1994
Tale of Bygone Years SPb., 1996
The concept of fate in the context of different cultures M., 1994
Popol-Vuh M., 1993
Potebnya A A Word and myth M., 1989
Abduction of a bull from Kualnge M., 1985;
Pokhlebkin VV Dictionary of International Symbols and Emblems M., 1994
Propp V. Ya. Morphology of a fairy tale Riga, 1996
Propp V. Ya. Historical roots of a fairy tale SPb., 1996
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite On the Heavenly Hierarchy M., 1994
Rigveda Mandala 1-4 (LP) M., 1989
Rigveda Mandala 5-8 (LP) M., 1995
Russian folk tales M., 1987
Rybakov B.A. Paganism of ancient Russia M., 1988
Sakharov I.P. Legends of the Russian people M., 1992
Tales of miracles M., 1990
Tales of the British Isles M, 1992
Tales and stories of ancient Egypt (LP) L., 1979
Tales of the peoples of Africa M, 1976
Tales of the peoples of Europe M., 1988
Tales of Russian writers M., 1989
Scandinavian Tales M., 1982
Slavic and Baltic folklore M., 1994
Slavic mythology M., 1995
Dictionary of antiquity M., 1994
Elder Edda: Selected songs about the gods M., 1989
Hundred-petalled lotus M., 1996
Strabo Geography M., 1994
Tylor E. Primitive culture M., 1989
Tokarev S. A. Early forms of religion M, 1990
A Thousand and One Nights M., 1993
Upanishads in 3 vols. M, 1992
Cheng-en Journey to the West Riga, 1994
Fantastic animals M., 1995
Firdousi Shahnameh (LL) M. 1994
Fraser D. Golden Bough M, 1983
Kharitonov A. Essay on the demonology of the peasants of the Shenkurovsky district - in the book: Dal V.I. On beliefs, superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people SPb., 1994
Kharuzin N. N. From the materials collected among the peasants of the Pudozh district of the Olonets province - in the book: Dal V. I. On beliefs, superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people SPb., 1994
Hall Manley P. Encyclopedic presentation of Masonic, hermetic, cabalistic and Rosicrucian symbolic philosophy Novosibirsk, 1992;
Cicero Philosophical treatises M., 1985
Chaucer D. Canterbury Tales M., 1973;
Miraculous horn: Folk ballads M., 1985;
Shakespeare U Collected works in 14 volumes. Volume 5: Two Veronians. The Merchant of Venice. A dream in a summer night. Tit Andronic M., 1994,
Shakespeare U Collected works in 14 volumes. Volume 6: Romeo and Juliet. Much Ado About Nothing Windsor Merry M., 1993;
Shakespeare U Collected works in 14 volumes. Volume 12: Cymbeline. Winter Tale Storm M, 1996;
Scottish ballads - in the book: Burns Robert Poems. Scottish ballads M., 1976;
Sprenger Ya, Institoris G. Hammer of Witches M., 1990
Encyclopedia of witchcraft and demonology M., 1995;
Aeschylus Tragedies M., 1989
Yuan Ke Myths of ancient China (with comments by B. L. Riftin) M., 1987
“I will reveal to you the hidden word”: Literature of Babylonia and Assyria M., 1981
AIIagbise, Ratea Muiz, Sobz apb Rapiazu I_pb., 1990;
Argoѵѵztiiii, Maisu & Moogze, Seogde A Prieib Sibe ioiiiie lliiiie Reorie 1_pb., 1977;
Vegman, AiF Vgovinzes ai VVogk - ip: Azitovy's, Veriter 1995;
Vgіdz, Kaііііаgіpe A Oісііоpagu оі Rаіgіez І_pb., 1976;
Vgіdz, Kaііііаgіpe TNe Rаіgіez іp Тgаbіііop apsі
Biegaigre I_pb., 1967;
Vgіdz, Kaііііаgіpe TNe Apaiotu oi Risk І_pb., 1959;
Visa, Veipiagb b. Тііе КІаЬаиіегтап оі іііе
Biography Beas Beckereu, 1973;
SatryeII, b. S. Roryiag Taiez ott iiie VVezi Nidiiiiapbz Bpb., 1890-93
Sotrapiop io Eіegaіruge іp Endіііzіі Сatbіcіde, 1988;
□epііat Місііаеі TIe Oepііat Тgasіz - op. Quoted from: Vgіdz Kaііііаgіpe A Oісііоopagu оі Rаіgіez І_psі. 1976
Oіsііоopagu оі Muіііоіоdu Еbіpіgdіі, 1991;
Roіkіаіez оі іііе Вгііізіі Іzіez Mozsoѵѵ, 1987;
Rgaisi, Vgian; І_ee, АІap Раігіез І_пб.,
Kiripd, Vibuagb Risk oT Rook'5 NII Lpb., 1961;
Mas Mapiz, O. A Tiie Mibbie Kipdbot Lpb., 1959;
MsyeіІІІ, Magіap R. NaІІоѵѵе'en Еbіpіgdіі, 1970;
Mappipd Zapbegs, Viiii A Vosk oT OѵvaіTz Enb, 1963;
Mopsgіeіі Nore Tііе IIIіzіgaіeb Ѳііbe Іo СІазісаІ Muіііоіоdu Lpb., 1992
Mopіse Zapі Tііе Vook oh! iiie Ogadop І_psІ., 1995
Moiiieg Soose VNutez Mozsov, 1988;
3coii, VVAIIIeg І_eiiegs op Oetopoiodu apb VVIіісіісгаіі І_pb., 1830;
Zrepze І_eѵѵіz Tііе ІPizіgaіeb Siіbe іo Yogіі
Ategisap Muiiiioiodu I_pb., 1993
Zikes, Viggi Bgiiiiii (Zoilips Vorkziiiige, 1880;
Toikiep, 3. Ya.
Adain Lnb., 1937;
Toikіep, 3. V.V.
Toikiep, 3. V. In Tііe Tokiep Veabeg Yevѵ Vogk, 1966:
TorzeII Ebѵvagsі Tііе Nіziоgіе оі Zegrepіz - cit. according to: Vgіdz Kaііііаgіpe A Oісііоаgu оі Раігіез lb., 1976
Vvaiiie, Agiiiig Esivvags! Tііе Bоok оі Segetopіаі Madіs Сitzherіanb, 1992;
VVIIbe, Laciu Apsieni Edepbz, Muziis Ciagtz apb Seregziiiiiops o! Igeiapsi I_psi., 1887;
Veais, VIIIIIIat V. Tiiie Seiiiis ll/iiidiii: Men ans Vvotep, Oiiioiiz apb Paerjez I_pb., 1893.
CONTENT
2. Dragon. Contemporary paper sculpture
3. Julia Bell. "Wind is a rider". 1993
Moses and Aaron conjure a dragon. Persian miniature. National Library, Paris
The six-headed dragon from the Revelation of John the Theologian. Cranach Bible. Zerbst Library
Dragon Mush-hush. Bas-relief from the Ishtar Gate, Babylon, circa 580. BC. State. museum, Berlin
Figure “Bird Woman”, XIX in Nepal
“Eagle Sun Garuda” Indian miniature, circa 1780
Roc carries Sinbad
Garuda
ZI
V. M. Vasnetsov. Gamayun, a prophetic bird. 1895
Fenghuang. Chinese popular painting
V. M. Vasnetsov. Sirin and Alkonost. Song of Joy and Sorrow 1896
archangel Michael
. Cupid shoots another arrow
. Cupid by the fire
Angel Ogbo Tetri' Ogіepііz
1. f.
Pacher. "Christ in limbo
2.P. P. Rubens. "Bacchanalia"
rts-g] 3. Jean Delville. “Treasures of the IDSh of Satan”, 1895
EE 4. A Pointe. "Siren"
5. P. Vanucci "Apollo and Marsyas"
|-, 1 I
I~2~1
"Whore of Babylon" Limoges enamel Dresden Gallery
F. Knopf. “The Art of the Sphinx”, 1896
wovey
Trolls are gigantic monsters
Kerber. The dog is a demon of the lower world in classical mythology
Manticore
Monster. From Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok, Thailand. 19th century
2. Leprechauns run away from
2 [W] people
y [4] 3. Bodach
—i 4. Banshee
1. Goblin fun
2. Fairy Queen
3. Puka
4 Gremlins
7]|
Not
Morgana la Fay, King Arthur's sister, Merlin's apprentice
modern witch
. "'A dream in a summer night"
Johann Heinrich Fussli "Revelation of Titania", 1793-94
Merlin
1 Vampire
2. Vampirella
3 Vampire bite. Film frame
4. Vampires are easy to recognize by their fangs
5 Satiated VampireLla
1 Red-bearded kobold
2. Mask of the XIX century. Sri Lanka
3. Spirits of great ancestors on the poster of the Kukryniksy, 1942
ALL FORCES TO DEFEND THE CITY OF LENIN'
Prometheus fire on a poster by N. Kochergin, 1920
Deified Lenin on a poster by D. Shmarinov, 1941
Morgana carries the mortally wounded Arthur to Avalon
E. Burne-Jones. "Garden of the Hesperides"
The invincible giant is the symbol of the revolution. Unknown artist. Poster, 1922
B. Kustodiev. "Bolshevik", 1920
0[s
PCS
Flying Indra Composition detail
Kali, goddess of death, shakes her bloody sword over her victim
The altar of Kali does not dry up with blood even today
Vishnu as a fish (detail) (XVI! c)
. Multi-headed deity. Japan, Shoga Takuma. 2nd floor 12th century
Poseidon - lord of the seas and oceans
2 [h] 3. God Dionysus. Greek amphora = t 4. Vision of Ganesha by the modern -I- artist N. Kimura
1. Casket with a mosaic on the themes of a bestiary. Early 13th century.
[2|[3] 2. Vase with griffin
0] 4" 3- Vessel in the form of a griffin. France, XII century. I-I 4. Dahomean king in the guise of a lion
Franz von Stuck. Elements of water and fire from the triptych “Air, water, fire”, 1913
1 In the hand of the alchemist is a flask with a homunculus
one
4 Alchemical rebis in the nigredo stage
0
2 Alchemy dragon in the first stage of the Great
|3 Works
- 3. Golem
I
Mandrake. The root of a poisonous plant resembling human legs and genitals
"Tree of Life and Death" Miniature of B. Furtmeyr in the prayer book of the Bishop of Salzburg
A wonderful tree named “Oііііsk Tіte” by “Arrie” company