HORUFISM
HAMID ALGAR
a body of antinomian and incarnationist doctrines evolved by Fażl-Allāh Astarābādi (d. 1394), known to his followers also as Fażl-e Yazdān (“the generosity of God”). Its principal features were elaborate numerological interpretations of the letters of the Perso-Arabic alphabet and an attempt to correlate them with the human form.
This Article Has Images/Tables.ʿALĪ AL-AʿLĀ
H. ALGAR
(d. 822/1419), also known as Amīr Sayyed ʿAlī, principal successor of Fażlallāh Astarābādī, founder of the Ḥorūfī sect.
NAWM-NĀMA
ORKHAN MIR-KASIMOV
the dream journal of Fażl-Allāh Astarābādi (1339-1394), the founder of the Ḥorufi movement.
ASTARĀBĀDĪ, FAŻLALLĀH
H. ALGAR
(d. 796/1394), founder of the Ḥorūfī religion.
HUART, CLÉMENT
JEAN CALMARD
French orientalist (1854-1926), especially known as editor and translator of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish sources and prolific author of works covering many aspects of Oriental studies.
BEKTĀŠĪYA
HAMID ALGAR
a syncretic and heterodox Sufi order, found principally in Anatolia and the Balkans, with offshoots in other regions, named after Ḥājī Bektāš and regarding him as its founding elder (pīr).
BEKTĀŠ, ḤĀJĪ
HAMID ALGAR
(d. 1270-71?), Khorasanian Sufi and eponym of the Bektāšī order, once widespread in Anatolia and the Balkans, with offshoots in Egypt, Iraq, and Western Iran.
ISLAM IN IRAN VI. THE CONCEPT OF MAHDI IN SUNNI ISLAM
SAID AMIR ARJOMAND
The Savior is a descendant of the Prophet whose expected return to rule the world will restore justice, peace, and true religion.
JĀVDĀN-NĀMA
ORKHAN MIR-KASIMOV
the major work of Fażl-Allāh Astarābādi (d. 1394), the founder of the Ḥorufi movement.
JAFR
GERNOT WINDFUHR
a term of uncertain etymology used to designate the major divinatory art in Islamic mysticism and gnosis—the art of discovering the predestined fate of nations, dynasties, religions, and individuals by a variety of methods.