THE SEAL OF ALL THE PROPHETS AND MESSENGERS OF ALLAH
THE BEST
BIOGRAPHY OF
PROPHET MUHAMMAD
for over 800 years
An adaptation and abridgement
Please also download and read our other bio
THE MILLENNIUM BIOGRAPHY OF MUHAMMAD
THE PROPHET OF ALLAH
by
Grand Muhaddith Master Abdullah Ben Sadek
Anne Khadeijah Darwish
Ahmad Darwish
Available in Word, PDF & Web Formats for
Palm, PocketPC,
Please email this work to friends and family
Wahb, Munabbih’s son, who was well educated
said, "From my readings it has been has become evident that if all the
intelligence of humanity, from the first to the last, were to be gathered as
one, it would be in comparison to the intelligence of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, as a single grain of sand. "
How lost am I, much less most Muslims in the
west, who have no access to such knowledge. Rather they have only paltry ideas
most of which were invented by others and devoid of all pertinence and often
designed to mislead.
Please enjoy this other straightforward Bio
(seerah) from the beginning.
Ryan O ’Maellie Denver,
Colorado, USA
The healing
(of the reader) by defining the rights of the chosen
Prophet
Praise and peace be upon him
by
Supreme Justice Eyad
An Adaptation and Abridgement
In the Name of Allah, the Merciful, the Most
Merciful
by
Supreme Justice Eyad
Arabic means "Allah praises and gives peace
upon the Prophet" and said as (salla Allahu alihi wa sallam)
The Imam, Hafiz, Abulfadl, may Allah be pleased
with him opens his great work of Prophet Muhammad's biography with an
introduction saying:
Praise be to Allah who is alone in possessing His
most splendid Name, and is the Owner of unconquerable might.
Praise be to Allah who is Unique having the
highest Names, the Owner of tremendous might, having neither beginning nor end.
He is apparent, not by imagination or guesswork. He is the hidden out of
purity, not out of nonexistence who has encompassed everything in His Mercy
and Knowledge
Allah has sent an abundance of His Favor to those
whom He guides (friends) and He sent to them a Messenger of pure descent from
the best among Arabs and non-Arabs and who is the finest both in lineage and
upbringing.
His intelligence and patience were greater than
any of the creation of Allah, and his knowledge and understanding were indeed
of the highest standing. His conviction was the strongest likewise his
determination, as for his compassion and mercy it was the greatest of all
humans.
Allah purified
him in both spirit and body and protected him from all imperfections and
blemishes, and bestowed him with wisdom and judgment. Through him, Allah opened
eyes that were blind, hearts that were covered and ears that were deaf, and He
caused people to believe in Him. Those whom Allah had decreed happiness honored
and helped him, as for those to whom Allah had written wretchedness they
rejected and turned away from him. Allah says, "But he who is blind in
this life shall be blind in the Everlasting Life and will be further astray
from the Path." 17:72. May Allah praise His Messenger with praising that increase continuously and may He grant
peace upon his
family and Companions.
(After the above introduction Hafiz, Abulfadl
supplicated), "May Allah illumine both your heart and mine with the lights
of certainty. May He bestow upon us subtleness as He bestowed His friends
(Awlia), those who are fearful of Him, those whom He has honored by sending to
them from His Purity and who has distanced them from humanity thereby gifting
them from His Knowledge and the witnessing of the marvels of His Kingdom and
the traces of His Might in which their hearts were full of wonderment and so
their brains wandered in His Greatness."
Such friends that make Him their only pursuit and
witness Him in this life and in the Everlasting Life are blessed by seeing the
Beauty and Majesty of Allah as they go to and fro between the tasting of His
Power and the enormity of His Greatness. They are totally satisfied immersed in
their devotion and reliance upon Him applying to themselves the saying of
Allah, "Say, 'Allah'. Then leave them, playing in their plunging."
6:91.
I have been asked many times to write a reference
that harvests the definition of the rank of the chosen, Prophet Muhammad, may
Allah praise and venerate him and grant him peace, that depicts his deservedly
great honor and the respect due to him. And, the verdict upon those who do not
fulfill what is due to him or those who attempt to degrade the superiority of
his rank by even the clip of a nail. I have also been asked to gather the
statements of our predecessors and imams on his greatness and will support
their sayings with verses from the Koran or parables.
You should be aware that you have burdened me
with a very difficult task, and that this task is a momentous undertaking and
my heart is filled with apprehension.
In order to produce this work it is necessary for
me to evaluate the primary sources and examine the secondary sources, and
research in both depth and detail the science of what is necessary for the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, what is permissible or forbidden in
respect of him. It also necessitates a deep knowledge of his Messengership and
Prophethood coupled with the love, and intimate friendship and the extra
special qualities of his superlative rank.
Here one finds a vast desolate desert in which
even the native bird becomes perplexed and unable to cross, and unknown places
in which dreams, if they are not guided by the direction of knowledge and
clarity of thought, go astray. It is a slippery slope where feet slip if they
do not rely solely upon success and support from Allah. I have, however, great
hopes of a reward for both of us in answering your questions by exposing the
tremendous value and superb character together with the exceptional qualities
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, all of which none of creation
ever possessed.
I quote now the saying of Allah defining his
duties, "So that those to whom the Book was given are certain and those
who believe increase in belief." 74:31. Those to whom Allah gave the
Book were obligated by Him to clarify it to the masses and not to conceal it.
To support this statement I quote the Prophetic saying related to me by
Abulwalid Hisham, son of Ahmad with a direct chain of narrators up to Abu
Hurairah, the well learned Companion, who tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him said, "Allah will bridle anyone with a bridle of fire on
the Day of Resurrection who, when asked about religious knowledge conceals
it." And it is for this reason that I hastened my search to find some
clear anecdotes, thereby achieving the object of my goal and fulfilling the
obligation. In this life a person's body and mind are occupied with trials and
affliction, and tested thereby. Needless to say such matters can easily
distract him/her from his obligation and voluntary actions and a person, who
after having achieved the best status can be reduced to the lowest, it is for
this reason that I seize upon these anecdotes.
When Allah chooses the best for a person, He
totally immerses him/her without restriction in his concern for that which will
be praiseworthy both now and in the Everlasting Life. On the Day of Judgement
there will only be bliss or the punishment of Hell, it is for this reason that
a person should attend to his own affairs seeking the salvation of his/her own
soul, and increasing the number of his good deeds as well as acquiring useful
knowledge for the benefit of himself and others.
Allah is the One who mends our broken hearts. He
forgives the enormity of our sins. He enables us to prepare for our return to
Him and provides us with multiple reasons for doing good things that will bring
us to safety and near to Him. He is the Bestower of Favor and Mercy to us all.
This then is my intention to proceed with the
task. I have mapped out the chapters, organized its material and collated them.
I name this reference Ash- Shifa bitarif Huquq Mustafa "The Healing (of
the reader) by Defining the Rights of the Chosen Prophet", praise and
peace be upon him.
Supreme Justice Eyad
The first part contains 10 chapters split into
sections and depicts the value Allah places on His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, in both his words and actions.
PART ONE
Chapter 1
THE PRAISE OF ALLAH FOR HIS PROPHET AND THE
EXALTED STATUS IN WHICH HE BEHOLDS HIM
Section 1 -
The Prophet's praiseworthiness and the multiplicity of his excellent qualities
Section 2 -
Prophet Muhammad the witness over mankind; a description of this praiseworthy
and honorable rank
Section 3 - The kindness and gentleness of Allah
towards the Prophet
Section 4 - The Swearing of Allah to his immense
value
Section 5 -
The Oath of Allah confirming the position of Prophet Muhammad
Section 6 -
The mentioning of Allah of the Prophet's compassionate and generous disposition
Section 7 -
The way in which Allah praised the excellent qualities of His Prophet
Section 8 -
The Command of Allah to His creation to praise the Prophet. His protection of
him and the removing of punishment on account of him.
Section 9 -
The honor of the Prophet as expounded in the chapter Al- Fath - "The
Opening"
Section 10 -
How Allah expresses His honoring of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
in the Koran and makes clear His position and the esteem with which He regards
him together with other blessed matters.
CHAPTER 2
ILLUSTRATION OF THE WAY IN WHICH ALLAH PERFECTED
THE EXCELLENCE OF THE PROPHET'S CHARACTER AND ESTABLISHMENT AND BLESSING HIM
WITH ALL THE VIRTUES OF RELIGION AND THIS WORLD.
Section 1 - Introduction
Section 2 - The description of the Prophet's
physic
Section 3 - The Prophet's cleanliness
Section 4 - The Prophet's intellect, eloquence
and astuteness
Section 5 - The perfection of the Prophet's
speech
Section 6 -
The nobility of the Prophet's lineage, his honored birthplace, and his
upbringing
Section 7a - The daily life of the Prophet
Section 7b - Marriage and related issues
Section 7c -
The way in which the Prophet dealt with money and commodities
Section 8 - Praiseworthy qualities
Section 9 - The intellect of the Prophet
Section 10 -
The clemency, forbearance and patience, forgiveness and pardoning status of the
Prophet
Section 11 - The generosity and openhandedness of
the Prophet
Section 12 - The courage and bravery of the
Prophet
Section 13 - The modesty of the Prophet and
lowering of his gaze
Section 14 -
The goodness of the Prophet's companionship, his manners and nature.
Section 15 -
The Prophet being sent as a mercy, his gentleness and compassion
Section 16 -
The Integrity of the Prophet, his honesty in contracts and uprightness in
maintaining family ties
Section 17 - The humility of the Prophet
Section 18 -
The justice of the Prophet, his trustworthiness, decency and truthfulness
Section 19 -
The dignified composure of the Prophet, his silence, contemplation, natural
refinement and excellent disposition
Section 20 - The refraining of the Prophet from
worldly things
Section 21 -
The Prophet's fear of Allah, his obedience and the intensity of his worshipping
Allah.
Section 22 - The qualities of the Prophets
Section 23 -
The qualities of the Prophet as described by Abi Hala's son to Al Hasan, the
grandson of the Prophet.
THE AUTHENTIC AND WELL KNOWN TRADITIONS NARRATING
THE ESTEEMED VALUE ALLAH HAS PLACED UPON HIS PROPHET, TOGETHER WITH HIS EXALTED
POSITION, AND NOBILITY IN THIS LIFE AND THE EVERLASTING LIFE.
Section 1 - The position of the Prophet in the
Sight of Allah
Section 2 -
The miracle of the Prophet's night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, and the
Heavenly Ascent
Section 3 - The reality of the Prophet's night
journey
Section 4 - The rebuttal to those who say the
journey was a dream
Section 5 - The Prophet's seeing of His Lord
Section 6 - The conversation between Allah and
His Prophet
Section 7 - The proximity of the Prophet and his
nearness
Section 8 -
The preceding of the Prophet before the people on the Day of Resurrection
Section 9 -
The selection of Prophet Muhammad, over and above all of the creation for the
receivership of the Love of Allah and the closeness of His friendship
Section 10 -
The intercession given to the Prophet and his praiseworthy station
Section 11 - The River of Abundance (Kawthar) in
the Garden
Section 12 -
The Prophetic Sayings relating to the prohibition of differentiating between
the prophets
Section 13 - The excellence of the names given to
the Prophet
Section 14 -
The Honor of Allah to the Prophet by gifting him with some of His own Beautiful
Names and by describing him with some of His own splendid qualities
Section 15 -
Demonstrating that Allah, the High is unlike any thing amongst His creation
THE MIRACLES GIVEN TO THE PROPHET TOGETHER WITH
THEIR SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Section 1 - Foreword
Section 2 - The Prophethood and Messengership
Section 3 - The meaning of miracles
Section 4 - The unique inimitability of the
Arabic Koran
Section 5 -
The unique inimitability of the composition and style of the Arabic Koran
Section 6 - Matters relating to a future time,
and unseen affairs
Section 7 - The news of bygone generations and
vanished nations
Section 8 -
The challenge in the Revelation issued to the Arabs and their inability to
respond, coupled with the informing of their inability
Section 9 -
The fear and awe that arouses hearts upon listening to the Koran
Section 10 - The protection of the Koran until
the end of time
Section 11 - A kaleidoscope of the Koran's
inimitability
Section 12 -
The miraculous splitting of the moon and the delaying of the setting of the sun
Section 13 -
The miracle of the water that flowed from the fingers of the Prophet
Section 14 -
The miracle of the water that flowed on account of the blessing of the Prophet
Section 15 -
The miraculous increase in the amount of food on account of his blessings and
supplication
Section 16 -
The miracle of the tree that spoke. It's answering to the Prophet's call and
its witnessing to his Prophethood
Section 17 -
The miracle of the Palm trunk that wailed at its separation from the Prophet
Section 18 - Miracles relating to inanimate things
Section 19 - Miracles connected with animals
Section 20 -
The miraculous revival of the dead and their speech. Babies and suckling
infants that spoke and bore witness to his Prophethood
Section 21 - The miraculous healing of the sick
and the incurable
Section 22 - The answering of the Prophet's
supplication
Section 23 -
Miracles and blessings, things that were transformed through his touch
Section 24 - The Prophet's knowledge of the
Unseen and the future
Section 25 -
The protection of Allah for His Prophet, and that He suffices him against those
who injured him
Section 26 - The Prophet's knowledge and sciences
Section 27 - The Prophet's communication with
angels and jinn
Section 28 -
Narrations about his characteristics, and signs of his Messengership
Section 29 - A
brief insight into aspects of his birth, childhood and adulthood
Section 30 - Summary
PART TWO
THE RIGHTS OF THE PROPHET,
PRAISE AND
PEACE BE UPON HIM,
DUE FROM HIS FOLLOWERS
CHAPTER 1
THE OBLIGATION TO BELIEVE AND OBEY HIM AND FOLLOW
HIS WAY (SUNNA)
Section 1 - The obligation to believe him
Section 2 -
The obligation to obey the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him
Section 3 -
The obligation to follow the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and obey
his prophetic way
Section 4 -
The narrations of the early generations of Muslims and the esteemed learned
persons concerning the following of the prophetic way and accepting the
guidance of the Prophet
Section 5 The danger in opposing his right to be
obeyed
CHAPTER 2
THE NECESSITY TO LOVE THE PROPHET, praise and
peace be upon him
Section 1 - The necessity to love the Prophet
Section 2 - The reward for loving the Prophet
Section 3 -
The narrations of the early generations of Muslims and imams about their love
for the Prophet and their longing for him
Section 4 - The signs of loving the Prophet
Section 5 - The reality and meaning of loving the
Prophet
Section 6 -
The obligation of the delivery of advice to the Prophet when requested
CHAPTER 3
THE NECESSITY TO PRAISE, RESPECT AND HONOR THE
PROPHET, praise and peace be upon him
Section 1 -
Authoritative verses in the Koran to praise, respect and honor the Prophet
|
Section 2 - |
The esteem, respect and reverence due to
the Prophet |
|
Section 3 - |
The respect and high regard for the
Prophet after his death |
|
Section 4 - |
The high regard of the early generations
of Muslims for the transmission of the Prophetic quotations |
|
Section 5 - |
The Prophet's devotion to his family,
descendants and wives |
|
Section 6 - |
The Prophet's respect for his
Companions, his attachment to them and their recognition |
|
Section 7 - |
The respect for the things and places
associated with the Prophet |
CHAPTER 4
THE PRAISE ON THE PROPHET, praise and peace be
upon him, ITS VERDICT, OBLIGATION, AND VIRTUE
|
Section 1 - |
What is meant by the prayer on the
Prophet |
|
Section 2 - |
The ruling about the prayer on the
Prophet |
|
Section 3 - |
Times when it is recommended to say the
prayer on the Prophet |
|
Section 4 - |
The manner in which the prayer on the
Prophet is said and asking for peace upon him should be made |
|
Section 5 - |
The excellence of the prayer on the
Prophet, asking for peace upon him and supplicating for him |
|
Section 6 - |
Reproaching those who do not ask for
blessings upon the Prophet and their wrong doing |
|
Section 7 - |
The distinction of the Prophet through
the revelation of the supplication for praising him |
|
Section 8 - |
Disputation concerning invoking
supplications of praise on other than the Prophet and his fellow prophets |
|
Section 9 - |
Visiting the tomb of the Prophet, how he
should be greeted and the virtue of one's visit |
Section 10 -
The manner to be adopted upon entering the Prophet's Mosque and its excellence
and the excellence of Mecca and Medina
THE PRAISE OF
ALLAH FOR HIS PROPHET
AND THE EXALTED STATUS
IN WHICH HE BEHOLDS HIM
Anyone who has picked up a book, large or small,
about Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon, cannot fail to have
recognized the exalted status in which Allah beholds him. Nor yet can they fail
to recognize how Allah blessed him with a multiplicity of virtues, excellent
qualities and characteristics. To try to do justice to his immense worth would
exhaust both tongue and pen.
One catches a glimpse of the exalted status in
which Allah beholds him in the Holy Koran where one witnesses His praise of his
character and morality, and reads of the instruction of Allah to His worshipers
to hold tightly to him and obey his commands. Allah in His overwhelming bounty
bestows honor on him, prefers him, praises him and rewards him with the
greatest reward.
Allah presented him to His creation and made him
the most perfect human being and distinguished him, amongst other fine
attributes, with the most beautiful qualities and noble opinions. Allah
supported His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, with miracles that held
people in wonderment. He gave him clear proofs and honored him, all of which
his Companions witnessed and the generation that came after him indisputably
knew. This blessed knowledge with its light was passed down in trusted hands
and through which we are indeed blessed. May Allah praise and venerate our
Master Muhammad and grant him perfect peace in abundance.
The Companion, Anas narrated the story of how the
winged heavenly mount by the name of Burack was bridled and saddled for the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to ride on his miraculous Night Journey,
shied away from him.
The Archangel Gabriel asked Burack why he behaved
in such a manner saying, "Do you do this to Muhammad? No one more honored
by Allah than he has ever ridden you. Upon hearing these words Burack broke out
in a sweat."
CHAPTER 1
THE PRAISE OF
ALLAH FOR HIS PROPHET AND THE EXALTED STATUS IN WHICH HE BEHOLDS HIM
This chapter contains some of the clearest
Koranic verses that speak of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
depicting the high esteem and praise of Allah for him together with the
excellence of his qualities.
Section 1 - The Prophet's praiseworthiness and
the multiplicity of his excellent qualities
Allah says, "Indeed, there has come to
you a Messenger from your own" 9:128. In this verse commentators draw
our attention to the fact that the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, was already known as being both truthful and trustworthy. No one had any
reason to suppose he would lie to them or not give them good counsel.
Each tribe of Arabia was linked to him either
through kinship or ancestry and he was by far their most noble and excellent
kinsman. Imam Ali, may Allah honor his face, explained that the phrase in the
preceding verse 'from your own' refers to either lineage, relationship
by marriage or descent and that from the time of Prophet Adam, peace be upon
him, there was neither an adulterer nor fornicator in the lineage of the
Prophet, all were officially married.
Such was importance of the transmission of
lineage to the Arabs that al Kalbi's son was able to trace a line of no less
than five hundred female ancestors of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him. He too verified that none had fornicated nor yet were the evils rampant
during the 'Age of Ignorance' found in any of them.
Al Hussain, son of al Fadl points out that Allah
honored him with two of His own Names - Rauf, the Kind and Raheem, the
Merciful.
Referring to
the verse "Whosoever obeys the Messenger, indeed he has obeyed
Allah." 4:80. Jafar, the son of
Muhammad As-Sadiq said, "Allah was aware that His creation would be
incapable of pure obedience to Him so He informed us in this order - the
Messenger, then Allah - so it would be realized one would never be able to
aspire to the achievement of pure obedience to Him. Therefore between Himself
He placed a human, adorning him with His own attributes of the
Kind and Merciful.
He made him a
truthful ambassador for creation and decreed that when a person
obeys him,
they are in fact obeying Allah, and when someone complies with him,
they are also complying with Allah.
Quoting the verse "and when you turn
among those who prostrate themselves" 26:219, Abbas' son explained
that the meaning of this verse is that the seed of Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, was implanted in Prophet Adam and thereafter implanted in
succession from one prophet to the next until Allah finally brought him as a
Prophet.
Abu Bakr, Tahir's son, explained the verse "We
have not sent you except as a mercy to all the worlds."21:107 as
meaning Allah endowed Prophet
Muhammad,
praise and
peace be upon him, with mercy so that his very being was mercy and
all his qualities and attributes were a mercy to
all creation. When a person is touched by any portion of his mercy he is saved
in both worlds from every hateful matter and reaches everything that is loved.
He further explained that the
Prophet's life
and death were a mercy because the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said, "When Allah decrees mercy
for a nation He takes its Prophet to Him before them, and causes him to be the
one to go ahead in order to prepare the way for them."
As-Samarkandi further elaborated "as a
mercy to all the worlds" saying it refers to both mankind and jinn,
and that it has also been explained as being for all of creation. For believers
he is indeed a mercy as he is their guide. As for the hypocrites he was also a
mercy to them because of his granting their security by not killing them rather
a fine was imposed. When it comes to those who did not
believe he was also merciful by deferring their
punishment. Abbas' son commented, "He is a mercy to both believers and
unbelievers. In the case of the
unbeliever they are saved from the punishment
that came upon other communities who belied their prophet."
One day the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, asked the Archangel Gabriel, "Has any of this mercy touched
you?" Gabriel replied, "Yes, I used to fear what would befall me, but
I feel secure now because of the way Allah praised me when he said, "of
power, given a rank by the Owner of the Throne obeyed, and honest. "
81:20-21
Jafar as-Sadiq said regarding the meaning of the
verse "'Peace be upon you, Companions of the Right!'" 56:91 is
because of Prophet Muhammad, and the cause of their peace is the great honor
bestowed upon Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
"Allah is
the Lighter of the heavens and the earth. The example of his Light is like
a tube, in which there is a wick. The wick is in
the lamp and the lamp is as a glittering planet kindled from a Blessed Tree, an
olive that is neither of the East nor of the West. Its oil would almost shine
forth though no fire touched it. Light upon light; Allah guides to His Light
whom He will. Allah strikes parables for people. Allah has knowledge of all
things." 24:35. The scholars Ka'b Al Ahbar and Jubair' son explained
that "the second light in the phrase "Light upon light" refers
to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and that "The
example of his Light" refers to the light of Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him.
Sahl, Abdullah At-Tustori's son further explained
that it means Allah is the Guide of both the inhabitants of the heavens and the
earth. He went onto say, "like the light of Muhammad when it is lodged in
the loins like a tube and that the
wick means his heart, and the lamp is his chest.
It is as if it were a glittering planet because of the belief and wisdom
contained therein, kindled from a Blessed Tree, meaning the light of Prophet
Abraham, peace be upon him. Allah draws the comparison with the Blessed Tree
saying 'Its oil would almost shine forth though no fire touched it'
means the prophecy of the coming of
Muhammad
is evident to mankind before he speaks, just like
the oil." There are many other commentaries on this verse and Allah knows
best its meaning.
There are many other references in the Koran that
refer to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, as a 'light' or a 'light
shedding lamp'. Allah says, "A light
has come to you from Allah and a Clear
Book." 5:15. And "O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness,
a bearer of glad tidings, and to bear a warning, a caller to
Allah by His permission and as a light shedding
lamp." 33:45-46.
Allah, the Almighty also says, "Have We
not expanded your chest for you" 94:1. 'Expanded' means to widen,
immense, and the word 'chest' in this verse refers to his heart. Abbas' son
explained that Allah expanded his chest with the light of Islam, whereas Sahl
At-Tustori said it means with the light of the message and Hasan Al Basri said
that Allah filled it with judgment and knowledge. It has also been explained as
meaning "Did We not purify your heart so that it prevents any whispering
of shaytan?"
In the same chapter it says, "and
relieved you of your burden that weighed down your back?" 94:2-3.
Commentators have explained this as referring to protecting him from any wrong
actions prior to his calling to the Prophethood as he was in the status of
pardoning and protected from sin, and that "burden" refers to the
pre-Islamic days known as "The Time of Ignorance". Both Al
Mawardi and As Sulami are of the opinion that the
meaning refers to the Message that weighed down upon his back before he
delivered it. It has also been said by As-Samarkandi to mean Allah protected
him otherwise wrong actions would have burdened his back.
The chapter continues "Have We not raised
your remembrance?" 94:4. This verse has been explained by Yahya,
Adam's son to refer to the bestowal of the Prophethood to Muhammad. It is also
said that the meaning of this is found in
the Divine Hadith, "When I am mentioned, you
are mentioned with Me in the statement, 'there is no god except Allah, and
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.'" Our attention is also drawn to the
point that it is mentioned and repeated in each Call to Prayer.
It is now very
clear that these words of Allah confirm the enormity of the favor He
bestowed upon Prophet Muhammad, together with the
exalted rank he has before Him together with his honorable place. Allah
expanded his chest to
belief
and guidance
making it wide enough to contain both the knowledge and wisdom.
Allah protected His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, the burden of everything prevalent in "The Age of
Ignorance" (Jahiliyya) thereby making them repugnant to him giving victory
to His Religion over all previous religions.
The weighty responsibility of the message and
Prophethood was lightened for him so that he was able to present the entrusted
message sent down to him, to mankind. Allah accentuated the Prophet's
superlative position, his tremendous rank, and great prominence by raising his
name in the company of His Own Name. Of this Katada said, "Allah exalted
his fame in the world and in the Hereafter. There is no one, who offers the
prayers who does not say, 'There is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger
of Allah.'"
Abu Sayeid al Khudri narrated that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "Gabriel came to me and said, 'My Lord
and your Lord says: Do you know how I have exalted Muhammad's fame? When My
Name is mentioned, he is mentioned."
Ata's son quoted a Divine Hadith saying, "I
completed belief with your being mentioned with Me." And, "I have
made your mention next to My mention and whosoever mentions Me, mentions you
thereafter."
Allah says, "Obey Allah and His
Messenger." 3:32 and "Believers, believe in Allah and His
Messenger."4:136. Note how Allah added the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, after Him with the word
"and". It is evident and stresses the importance of his favored,
prominent status which was not bestowed upon any other of His prophets or
messengers,
Hudhayfa informs us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "No one should say 'What Allah wills and (wa)
so-and-so wills,' rather one should say,
'What Allah wills." Then pause and say,
'then so-and-so wills."
Al Khattabi draws our attention by saying,
"The Prophet has guided you to correct behavior by putting the will of
Allah then the will of others." Al Khattabi chose the word 'then' as
opposed to the word 'and' because 'and' denotes sequence.
At a gathering
in which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was present,
someone spoke saying, "Whosoever obeys Allah
and His Messenger has been rightly guided, and whosever disobeys them both
.." Whereupon the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, stopped
him and said, "What a bad speaker you are, get up" or in another
rendering "leave". This was on account of
his joining
Allah and His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, by using a dual
pronoun.
Abu Sulayman commented it was because, "He
disliked the two names being joined together in that way because of the
implication of equality." Whereas as someone else was of the opinion that
what he disliked was his stopping at 'whosever disobeys them both.' However,
Abu Sulayman's statement is considered to be more correct because it is in
compliance with another authentic
prophetic saying that reads "Whosoever
disobeys them has erred," without pausing after "... whosoever
disobeys them."
Allah says, "Allah and His angels praise
and venerate the Prophet."33:56.
Some
have commented on whether the word
"praise" refers to Allah and His angels or not. Some hold it
permissible to refer to both whereas it is forbidden by others on
account of the notion of partnership. They
consider the pronoun refers to the angels alone and conclude that the verse
means "Allah praises and venerates the Prophet, and His angels praise and
venerate the Prophet."
The Caliph
Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, said to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, "Part of your excellence
is that He made obedience to you, obedience to Him." Allah says, "Whosoever
obeys the Messenger, indeed he has
obeyed Allah." 4:80, and "Say
(Prophet Muhammad), 'If you love Allah, follow me and Allah will love you.
'" 3:31. When this verse was sent down the unbelievers said,
"Muhammad wants us to take him as being a mercy to us in the
same way the
Christians took Jesus as a mercy!" Thereafter Allah sent down the
verse, "Say, 'Obey Allah and the
Messenger.'" 3:32. Allah linked obedience to Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, with obedience to Himself thereby negating the claim of
the unbelievers.
Some scholars of Islam differ in the explanation
of the verses "Guide us to the Straight Path, the Path of those upon
whom You have favored. " 1:6-7. Abul Aliyyah and Al Hasan Basri are of
the opinion that the Straight Path is the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, who is the best of the People
of his House and his Companions. Referring to "the
Path of those upon whom You have favored" Al Hasan Basri also
commented, "By Allah, it is true, and it is
good advice. Makki was of a similar opinion and
said, "This refers to the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, and his two Companions, Abu Bakr and Omar, may Allah be pleased with
them."
Abu Abdur Rahman As-Sulami quoted a scholar of
Islam as saying in reference to the "firmest tie" in the following
verse, "and believes in Allah has grasped the firmest tie"
2:256 that it is Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
It
has also been said that it is Islam or the
witnessing of the Oneness of Allah "There is no god except Allah."
Allah says, "If you count the blessings
of Allah, you will never number them." 4:34. Sahi At-Tustori explains
this verse as referring to the blessings we receive on account of Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
The consensus of Islamic scholars upon the verse
of Allah that reads, "And he who comes with the truth, and confirms
it" 39:33 refers to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
who brought the truth. Another scholar added, "It s he who
confirmed it." The Arabic word in the verse is read in two ways one of its
meanings being 'spoke the truth' and refers to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, and the other meaning 'confirmed it' refers to believers. Amongst
other commentaries it is said that the word "confirmed" refers to Abu
Bakr or Ali.
Mujahid said
explaining the words of Allah "and whose hearts find comfort in the
remembrance of Allah." 13:28 are in
reference to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and his
Companions.
Section 2 - Allah made His Prophet a witness over
mankind; a description
of this praiseworthy and
honorable rank
Allah says,
"O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings,
and to bear warning, a caller to Allah by His
permission and as a light shedding lamp." 33:45-46. It is learned
from this verse that Allah endowed His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
with every noble rank and praiseworthy quality and that by conveying the Message
He made him a witness of his nation which was one of his special, praiseworthy
qualities. He is the one who brought the good news for all people who obey him,
and warned those who opposed the Message he delivered. His Message called to
the Oneness of Allah, and that it is
He alone that should be worshiped. Allah
described him as a "light shedding lamp" with which he guided to the
truth.
Ata, Yasar's son met Abdullah, Amr's son, who was
the son of Al As and asked him to described the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him. He said, "Indeed, by Allah some of the characteristics
described in the Koran are
found in the Torah that reads, 'O Prophet, We
will send him as a witness, a bringer of good tidings and as a warner and a
refuge for the unlettered. He is My
worshipper and
My Messenger, I will name him the one upon whom people rely.
He will be neither uncouth nor vulgar, nor yet
shout in the market-place or repay evil with evil, rather he will pardon and
forgive. Allah will not return him to Himself until the crooked nation has been
straightened by him and they declare 'There is no god except Allah!' Through
him, eyes that were blind, ears that were
deaf and
hearts that were covered will be opened." A similar narration is reported
by Abdullah, Salaam's son and Ka'b Al Ahbar.
Isaac's son quoted description of Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, in the Torah saying, "Who neither
shouts in the market-place nor uses obscene language or indecent words. I open
him to every excellent quality and will give him every noble characteristic. I
will make tranquility his robe, devotion his axiom, fear of Me his conscience,
wisdom his understanding, truthfulness and loyalty his nature, pardon and good
ethics his character, justice his demeanor, truth his jurisprudence, guidance
his leader, submission (Islam) his religion and his name is Praiser (Ahmad). I
will guide him after there as been a lack of guidance, and I will teach him
after ignorance. I will raise him after obscurity and make his name known after
being unknown. I will give him in abundance after there has been scarcity. I
will enrich him after poverty and gather him after separation. I will unite
hearts that have been divided, and scattered passions and separate communities
through him. I will make his nation (all who believe him) the best nation that
has ever come forth to people."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions of his description in the Torah, "My worshiper, Praiser
(Ahmad), the Chosen, born in Mecca who will migrate to Medina (or he said
Tayyibah) his nation will be those who praise Allah in every situation."
In the Koran Allah tells us, "And to
those who shall follow the Messenger - the Unlettered Prophet (Muhammad) whom
they shall find written with them in the Torah and the Gospel. He will order
kindness upon them and forbid them to do evil. He will make good things lawful
to them and prohibit all that is foul. He will relieve them of their burdens
and of the shackles that had weighed upon them. Those who believe in him and
honor him, those who aid him and follow the light sent forth with him shall
surely prosper. " 7:157.
Allah also says, "It was by the Mercy of
Allah that you (Prophet Muhammad) dealt so leniently with them. Had you
been hardhearted, they would have surely deserted you. Therefore ask
forgiveness for them. Take counsel with them in the
matter and
when you are resolved, put your trust in Allah. Allah loves those who
trust." 3:157.
As-Samarkandi
commented upon this verse saying, "Allah reminds them that He
made His
Messenger merciful to believers, compassionate and lenient. If he had
been harsh and
spoken to them sternly they would have deserted him. But Allah
made him generous, tolerant, kind and
gentle."
Abul Hasan Al
Qabisi explained the verse "And so We have made you a median
nation, in
order that you will be a witness above people, and that the Messenger
be a witness above you."2:143 saying,
"Allah makes the excellence of our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
very clear and also the excellence of his
nation."
By "median nation" Allah means a nation
that is both balanced and good. The meaning of the next verses "And in
this so that the Messenger can be a witness for you and in order that you be
witnesses against mankind." 2:143. And "How then shall it be
when We bring forward from every nation a witness, and bring you (Prophet
Muhammad) to witness against those!" 4:41 is, as Allah guided you, We
chose and preferred you by making you an excellent balanced nation and also to
permit you to be witnesses for the previous prophets against their nations, and
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, will be a truthful witness for
you.
It is narrated that when Allah asks the prophets,
if they conveyed the Message, they will affirm having done so, but their nation
will say, "No bearer of glad tidings or a warner has come to us."
5:19. It is then that the nation of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, will bear witness on behalf of the prophets and the prophets will endorse
their testimony. It is explained that everyone of you believing readers will be
a witness over the other nations and that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, is a witness over us.
As for those who believe, Allah says, "and
bear the glad tidings to those who believe that they have a firm standing with
their Lord." 10:2. Katada together with Hasan al Basri and Zayid,
explained "firm standing" refers to Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, who will intercede for believers on the Day of Judgement. Al
Hasan also added "It is the giving of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace
be upon him, to believers." In addition Sahl At- Tustori explained that it
is the mercy Allah had pre-ordained and placed in Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him. Muhammad son of Ali At- Tirmidhi further expounded saying,
"He is the leader of the truthful, and the true. He is the one whose
intercession is accepted, and the one whose supplication is answered."
Section 3 - The kindness and gentleness of Allah towards the Prophet
Allah said, "Allah has pardoned you. Why
did you give them leave (to stay behind) until it was clear to you which of
them was truthful and knew those who lied?" 9:43. The kindness and
gentleness of Allah is demonstrated in this verse. Awn, Abdullah's son draws
our attention to the gentleness of Allah who tells His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, that He had pardoned him by referring to his status of
continuous pardon before He mentions his minor mistake if any.
As-Samarkandi reported that he had heard it
explained that Allah protected His Prophet, and made his heart sound. If he had
first been addressed with the words "why did you give them leave"
then his heart would have been so stricken that it might almost have burst from
the terror of these words. But instead, Allah first told him that he had been
pardoned, and thereby caused the soothing of his heart.
It is easy for all to understand and recognize
that this is yet another demonstration of the high rank and honor in which the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is held by Allah that he is the subject
of His kindness, and if the depth of this kindness were to be known to us our
hearts would most surely burst.
Naftoyah discredited the claim that some people
were of the opinion that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was rebuked
in this verse. The opposite is the case, he was in fact preferred by it. When
he gave them leave, Allah informed him that if it had not been so then they
would have still remained in their state of hypocrisy, therefore no objection
can be raised as to their having been given leave.
In an effort to follow the Islamic code of life,
Muslims should strive hard and try to achieve the ethics outlined in the Koran,
not only in words, but in action, search and communication. This is the
accurate foundation of knowledge and the arena of acceptable behavior in both
religion and in one's everyday affairs. This superb kindness should not be
neglected when one supplicates to the Lord of all lords, the One from whom all
blessings flow, the One who is not in need of a single thing. The benefits of
this verse should not be overlooked, they should be well heeded. Notice how
Allah begins by first honoring him, then gently draws attention to the mistake,
and there is pleasure in granting pardon before even the mention of the mistake
if in fact there was a mistake.
Allah says, "And if We had not fortified
you, you would have been very slightly inclining towards them." 12:74.
This verse demonstrates the greatest possible concern Allah has for His
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Previously prophets were admonished, in
the case of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, he was gently
advised, thereby the gentle advice was more effective and a greater indication
of His love becomes apparent.
Pay attention to they way in which Allah begins
by expressing His fortification and security, before mentioning His gentle
advice to the very slight inclination so that the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, did not dwell on it. His innocence remained intact whilst being
gently advised so that he was not vulnerable on account of the gentle advising,
his honor and security remained untarnished.
This is applicable to the verse "We know
what they say saddens you. It is not you that they belie; but the harmdoers
deny the verses of Allah." 6:33. This verse was sent down when Abu
Jahl denied the authenticity of the Message when he said to the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, "We do not call you a liar. We say that what you
have brought is a lie."
It has also been narrated that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was saddened when his tribesmen belied him
whereupon the Archangel Gabriel, peace be upon him, visited him and asked,
"What saddens you?" to which he replied, 'My tribesmen belie
me." Gabriel then informed him "They know you are telling the
truth." It was soon after Allah sent down this verse.
This verse is full of kindness and gently
consoles the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. It also affirms that he is
indeed held to be truthful by all and they are not denying him personally. Even
before he was called to the Prophethood, all and sundry knew him to be
trustworthy. With the sending down of this verse his sadness that others now
thought him to be a liar was removed.
After this consolation, Allah censures those who
belie by referring to them as harmdoers saying "but the harmdoers belie
the verses of Allah." Allah removes His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, from dishonor and then classifies the deniers on account of their
denial of His signs as being arrogant. One should realize that belying arises
when a person has knowledge of something but chooses to deny it. Allah makes
this very clear in the verse, "They denied them unjustly out of pride,
though their souls acknowledged them." 27:14.
In another verse Allah further consoles His
beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, saying, "Messengers
indeed were belied before you, yet they became patient with that which they
were belied and were hurt until Our help came to them."6:34.
It is also of note that Allah addresses all His
other prophets and messengers by their name, for example "O Adam",
"O Noah' "O Abraham", "O Moses" "O David,"
"O Jesus". "O Zachariah", and "O John"
however, from His kindness and honoring His last Prophet, He addresses Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, with a title such as "O
Messenger" 5:67, "O Prophet" 33:45, "O Wrapped" 73:1,
"O Cloaked" 74:1.
Section 4 - The Swearing of Allah to his immense value
Allah says, "By your life, they wandered
blindly in their bedazzlement." 15:72. There is a consensus of
scholastic opinion in this verse that Allah swore by the length of Prophet
Muhammad's life and means "By your continuation, O Muhammad." This is
yet another indication of the great respect and honor in which Allah holds
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
Abbas' son explained, "Allah did not create
nor yet did He originate or make any soul more honored than that of Muhammad,
and I never heard of an oath taken by Allah on the life of anyone else."
Abu Al Jawza further explained that Allah did not swear on the life of anyone
else other than (Prophet) Muhammad because he is the noblest in status of His
creation.
Allah opens the chapter "YaSeen"
saying, "YaSeen. By the Wise Koran" 36:12. There is a
difference of opinion among scholars upon the meaning of "YaSeen".
Abu Muhammad Makki reported that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
said, "I have been given ten names with my Lord" and mentioned two,
"Taha" and "YaSeen". Jafar As-Sadiq said that its meaning
refers to the Prophet "O master" whereas Abbas' son said that it
means "O man". He also said that it is an oath, and one of the Names
of Allah. On the other hand Al Hanafiyah's son said the meaning of it is
"O Muhammad" and Ka'b said it refers to an oath Allah made a thousand
years before He created the heavens and the earth, and means "O Muhammad,
you are one of the Messengers."
The verse that follows reads, "you are
truly among the Messengers sent upon a Straight Path."36:3-4. Allah
assured that he is among the Messengers bearing His Revelation to His
worshipers and that he is indeed upon the Straight Path by his belief.
Then again if one inclines to the interpretation
of the meaning of YaSeen as being "O master", the title is a distinct
demonstration of the high esteem Allah has for him, and this is fortified by
the statement of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "I am the
master of the children of Adam, and this is not boastful."
Allah says, "No, I swear by this country
and you are a lodger in this country." 90:1-2. Makki, referring to the
word "No" commented that it does not mean the negation of the
sentence. What it does mean is that Allah swears by it while you, Muhammad,
reside in it and what you do in it is permissible. It has also been explained
that the word "country" refers to Mecca.
Al Wasiti explained the verse as meaning that
Allah swears by this country, the country which He honored and blessed, as it
is there that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, lived and it is there
that he will be buried.
However, the first interpretation of the two
meanings is considered to be more accurate because the chapter was revealed in
Mecca and it was there that he lodged. Ata's son says something similar when
commenting on the words "by this safe country" 95:2. He
explained, "Allah made it a safe place because the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, was there and his presence imparts security wherever he
is."
Of the verse "and by the giver of birth,
and whom he fathered, " 90:3 it has been said that this refers to Adam
and consequently a general statement. Some are of the opinion that it refers to
Abraham and his sons, which leads to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him. In either event the chapter swears by Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace
be upon him, twice.
There have been various interpretations of the
meaning of the opening verses in the Cow chapter in which Allah says, "AlifLaamMeem.
That is the Book, where there is no doubt."2:1-2. Abbas' son said,
that the opening letters AlifLaamMeem are oaths sworn by Allah.
Sahl At-Tustori commented, the letter
"Alif" is Allah, the letter "Laam" is Archangel Gabriel and
"Meem" is Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
As-Samarkandi was likeminded and further commented that it means Allah sent the
Archangel Gabriel to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, with the
Book in which there is no doubt.
Referring to the opening verse of chapter 50, "Qaaf.
By the Glorious Koran." 50:1
Ata's son said, "This is the swearing of
Allah by the strength of the heart of His beloved Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, because he was able to bear the impact of both His speech
and witnessing due to his exalted position." Other commentators have
expressed other opinions.
Jafar, Muhammad's son interpreted the verse "By
the star when it plunges, ” 53:1 with the meaning, that it is Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and that "the star" is his
heart and when it plunges its light expands and he is severed from everything
in the remembrance of Allah alone.
Of the opening verses in chapter 89, "By
the dawn and ten nights" 89:1-2 Ata's son commented "the
dawn" refers to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, because it
is from him that belief dawns.
Section 5 - The Oath of Allah confirming the position of Prophet
Muhammad
In the chapter "Mid-Morning" Allah
says, "By the mid-morning, and by the night when it covers, your Lord
has not forsaken you (Prophet Muhammad), nor does He hate you. The Last shall
be better for you than the First. Your Lord will give you, and you will be
satisfied. Did He not find you an orphan and give you shelter? Did He not find
you a wanderer so He guided you? Did He not find you poor and suffice you? Do
not oppress the orphan, nor drive away the one who asks. But tell of the favors
of your Lord!" Chapter 93.
The third verse addressed the rumors circulated
by the unbelievers that Allah had forsaken His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, on account of a period in time when no verses or chapters of the
Koran had been sent down to him. This chapter proved that Allah had never
forsaken him. The insight of this is that Revelations are of three types, one
is the Holy Koran, another Divine Quotations and the other Prophetic
quotations. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said that he was given
the Koran and twice of its likeness in size. The difference between the
category of Koran Revelation and other categories is that there is a built in
challenge that no one can compose anything like it, whereas the other
categories have prophetic styles which are the most elite among the Arabs. The
unbelievers were unaware of these fine details and were forever seeking ways in
which they might discredit the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and
seized upon the opportunity and consequently concocted rumors, not knowing that
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was continuously in the assembly of
angels and receiving light and wisdom and the other categories of Revelation.
After having addressed the complaint of the
unbelievers, it further demonstrates the certain assurance of the honor in
which Allah holds His beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, together
with His praising and the care He has for him which is made evident in six
different ways.
First of all, the opening verses of this chapter "By
the mid-morning, and by the night when it covers," is amongst one of
the highest forms of esteem Allah has for His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him.
Secondly, Allah clarifies his situation, and
favors saying, "your Lord has not forsaken you (Prophet Muhammad), nor
does He hate you." In other words, Allah has not abandoned him, and He
makes it very clear that He does not hate him. It has also been said, that
Allah did not neglect him after choosing him, neither did He despise him.
Thirdly, note the words, "The last shall
be better for you than the first" Isaac's son explained the meaning of
this verse to be that when he returned to Allah his honor is even greater than
the honor given to him in this world. Sahl At- Tustori said that it refers to
the intercession granted to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the
praiseworthy station Allah has reserved especially for him, which is greater
than he was given in this life.
Fourthly, from the verse "your Lord will
give you, and you will be satisfied" we learn not only of his honor in
this world and in the Hereafter but the happiness and blessings in both.
Isaac's son explained that Allah will satisfy him by sending relief in this
world and also reward him in the Everlasting life where he will be given the
Pool of Kawthar, the grand right of intercession and the praised status.
Referring to this verse, a member of the Prophet's family said, "The Koran
contains no other verse that has more hope than this one and we know that the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, will not be satisfied if any
of his nation enters the Fire."
Fifthly, in the verses "Did He not find
you an orphan and give you shelter? Did He not find you a wanderer so He guided
you? Did He not find you poor and suffice you?" our attention is drawn
to the blessings bestowed upon him by Allah together with His favors, which
include, the guidance of people through him or his guidance. He had no
property, yet Allah enriched him, or, it has been said, that it refers to the
contentment and wealth He placed in his heart. He was an orphan but his uncle
took care of him and it was with him that he found shelter. It has also been
explained as meaning that he found shelter with Allah and that the meaning of
"orphan" is that there was no other like him and Allah sheltered him.
As for the verses "Did He not find you a wanderer so He guided you? Did
He not find you poor and suffice you? Do not oppress the orphan," Allah
reminds His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, of these blessings and that
even before Allah called him to the Prophethood, He never neglected him either
when he was a young orphan or when he was poor. Rather, He called him to the
Prophethood and had neither abandoned him nor hated him. How could He do so
after He had chosen him!
Sixthly, in this verse Allah tells Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him "But tell of the favors of your
Lord!" to announce the blessings given to him by Allah and to be
thankful for the honor He bestowed upon him. This verse is also applicable to
his nation that they tell of the favors of Allah in sending Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, to them and making them witnesses over other
nations.
The first eighteen verses of chapter 53,
"The Star" are yet another example and reads, "By the star
when it plunges, your companion is neither astray, neither errs, nor does he
speak out of desire. Indeed it is not except a Revelation which is revealed
taught by One who is Stern in power. Of might, he stood firm while he was in
the highest horizon; then he drew near, and became close, he was but two bows'
length or even nearer, so (Allah) revealed to His worshiper that which he
revealed (to Prophet Muhammad). His heart did not lie of what he saw. What,
will you dispute with him about what he sees! Indeed, he saw him in another
descent at the Lote Tree of the Ending close to the Garden of Refuge. When
there comes to the Lote Tree that which comes his eyes did not swerve, nor did
they stray for indeed he saw one of the greatest signs of his Lord. " 53:118.
There is a difference of scholarly opinion concerning
the word "star", some say it means exactly that whereas others say
its meaning is the Koran. Jafar, Muhammad's son said it refers to the heart of
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him. Similar meanings have been
expressed in respect of the verses in "The Nightly Comer" where Allah
swears, "By the sky, and the nightly comer! What could let you know
what the nightly comer is! (It is) the piercing star." 86:1-3 and that
the "star" refers to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
The excellence and honor in which Allah holds His
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, abounds in the chapter "The
Star". It is clear that Allah established on oath His guidance of the
Prophet, his truthfulness in the recitation of the Koran, which was sent down
with the Archangel Gabriel, who is strong and powerful, to him directly from
Allah, and that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is rendered free
from all self-desire. Then again in the chapter "The Nightly Comer"
Allah reiterates his excellence and tells of his reaching the Lote tree near
the Garden of Refuge, and the certainty of his unswerving sight upon seeing one
of the greatest signs of His Lord. Allah also tells us of this great event in
the opening verses of the chapter "The Night Journey."
Allah revealed to the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, His Mighty Unseen Kingdom where he saw the wonders of the angelic
realm that can neither be expressed in words nor yet possible for human
intellect to endure hearing, not even in its minutest atom. In the verse "so
(Allah) revealed to His worshiper that which He revealed" there is in
the opinion of scholars, a subtle indication to the high estimation Allah has
for His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, as it is a most eloquent form of
expression.
Allah says, "he saw one of the greatest
signs of his Lord." 53:18. Our limited understanding is unable
to grasp the details of what was actually revealed and ultimately becomes lost
in any attempt to define what was the great sign.
In these verses Allah mentions Prophet Muhammad's
absolute state of purity and the protection he received during this miraculous
journey. In reference to his heart, Allah says "His heart did not lie
of what he saw", of his tongue He says, "nor does he speak out
of desire", of his eye He says, "his eyes did not swerve, nor
did they stray."
Allah says, "Rather, I swear by the
returning, orbiting, disappearing; by the night when it approaches and the
morning when it extends, it is indeed the word of an Honorable Messenger, of
power, given a rank by the Owner of the Throne obeyed, honest. Your Companion
is not mad, in truth he saw him on the clear horizon, he is not grudging of the
Unseen. Nor is this the word of a stoned satan." 81:15-25.
Scholars explained the meaning of these verses
saying, "Allah swears that this is the word of an Honorable Messenger who
has an honorable rank with Him, having the power to communicate the Revelation,
and that his position is both secure and firm with his Lord. He is obeyed in
the heavens and trusted to deliver the Revelation."
The consensus of scholars is that the preceding
verses refer to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him. Jesus
Ar-Rumani's son holds the opinion that the 'Honorable Messenger' refers to
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and consequently all the
qualities belong to him. Whereas other scholars hold the opinion that rather
than it being in reference to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
it is in reference to the Archangel Gabriel therefore the qualities are his.
They also say that the verse "in truth he saw him" the 'him'
refers to Gabriel. It has also been said that "not grudging"
means that when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, supplicates to Allah
he is neither grudging nor doubts the Unseen. It has also been explained that
it refers to his mentioning the wisdom and knowledge of Allah.
Another great oath is found in the chapter
"The Pen" in which Allah starts with the mystical letter
"Noon". "Noon. By the Pen and that (the angels) write, you
are not, because of the favor of your Lord, mad. Indeed, there is an unfailing
wage for you. Surely, you (Prophet Muhammad) are of a great morality."
68:14. The unbelievers held the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in
distain. They rejected him and attributed many falsehoods to him. In these
verses Allah swears a great oath that His chosen Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, he is free from all their assertions making his heart joyous and
increases his hope when Allah gently comforts him saying "you are not,
because of the favor of your Lord, mad." This verse is one of very
great respect and also displays the highest level of conversational manners.
Allah informs His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, "Indeed, there is an unfailing wage for you." The
meaning of this has been explained that Allah has in store for him everlasting
blessings, a wage that will never fail, a wage that although uncountable will
not be a cause for indebtedness. This is followed by the great attestation of Allah
that garlands his praiseworthy qualities, "Surely, you are of a great
morality." Apart from the verse meaning exactly that, the verse has
also been explained as referring to the Holy Koran, whereas others say it is
Islam. It has also been said that it means the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, was without any desire other than Allah.
Al-Wasiti explained that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, was praised for his absolute acceptance of the multiple
blessings given to him by Allah, and that He preferred him by adorning him with
this mighty characteristic.
Judge Eyad supplicates saying "Exaltations
be to the Subtle, the Generous, the All Praised who eased for us the doing of
good things and guided people to do them. He praises whosever does good and
rewards them for its doing. Exaltations be to Him! His blessings are abundant,
and His favors are vast!”
The chapter continues to console the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon, for the detrimental things said against him, saying "You
shall see and they will see which of you is the demented. Indeed, your Lord
knows very well those who strayed from His Path, and those who are
guided."68:5-7.
Having praised Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace
be upon him, Allah exposes his enemies by revealing the crudeness of their
character and wickedness by mentioning their foul qualities. Allah says, "Therefore,
do not obey those who belie, they wish you would compromise, then, they would
compromise. And do not obey every mean swearer, the backbiter who goes about slandering,
those who hinder good, the guilty aggressor, the crude of low character because
he has wealth and sons. When Our verses are recited to him, he says, 'They are
but fairy-tales of the ancients." 68:8-15.
In the verse that follows their impending punishment
together with their ruin is made very clear. Allah says, "We shall mark
them on the nose!" 68:16. These words of Allah are far more effective
than anything the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, might say, and the
confounding of his enemies is also more effective than anything he might do.
Section 6 - The mentioning of Allah of the
Prophet's compassionate and generous disposition
Allah says, "TaHa. We have not sent down
the Koran to you for you to be tired. " 20:1-2. There are various
opinions regarding the meaning to "TaHa" one of which
is that it is
a name given to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, whereas
others say it is amongst the Names of Allah. It
has also been said that it refers to
separate letters having different meanings. Al
Wasiti explained that it means "O Pure, O Guide" derived from the
Arabic words "Tahir" and "Hadi" respectively.
Ar-Rabi, Anas' son tells us that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, prayed diligently throughout most of the night
and that on occasions he saw him
standing first on one foot and then upon the
other to stay awake. It has been said that the word "Taha" consists
of two parts, "ta" and "ha". As for "ta" it is
from the verb "to tread" and "ha" refers to the earth,
which implies stand on both feet so as not to tire yourself, and it was on this
account that Allah out of compassion for His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, revealed this verse. All the explanations clearly point to his honor and
we have a glimpse into his excellent manners, and whether it is said that
"Taha" is one of his names or an oath, it remains a demonstration of
both compassion and care.
In other
chapters Allah says of His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "Yet
perchance, if they do not believe in this tiding,
you will consume yourself with grief and follow after them." 18:6. "Perhaps
you consume yourself that they are not believers, if We will, We can send down
on them a sign from heaven before which their necks will remain humbled."
26:3-4.
Allah also says, "Proclaim then what you
are commanded and turn away from the unbelievers. We suffice you against those
who mock and those who set up other gods with Allah, indeed, they will soon
know. Indeed, We know your chest is straitened by that they say."
15:94-97. And, "Other Messengers were mocked before you but I respited
the unbelievers, then I seized them. And how was My retribution! 13:32
Makki explained, "The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, suffered on account of the unbelievers so Allah sent down
verses to console him thereby making it easy for him and at the same time
informed him of the outcome of those who persisted."
Our attention is drawn again in the following
verses that say, "If they belie you, other Messengers have been belied
before you. To Allah all matters return. " 35:4 and, "Similarly,
no Messenger came to those before them but they said, 'Sorcerer, or mad!'
51:54
The preceding verses were sent to the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, as a means of solace and to inform him that his
predecessors also endured similar sayings. As for those who persisted Allah
made it easy for His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and told him,
"So turn away from them, you shall not be blamed."51:54. In
other words Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, had conveyed the
message and therefore was not subject to blame.
The compassion of Allah is further expressed in
the following verse as well as many other verses, "And be patient under
the Judgement of your Lord, surely, you are before Our Eyes." 52:48.
This is yet a further demonstration that he is constantly under the sight and
protection of Allah, and that he should remain patient with their harm-doing.
Section 7 - The way in which Allah praised the
excellent qualities of His Prophet
Allah says, "And when Allah took the
covenant of the Prophets, 'That I have given you of the Book and Wisdom. Then
there shall come to you a Messenger (Muhammad) confirming what is with you, you
shall believe in him and you shall support him to be victorious, do you agree
and take My load on this?' They answered, 'We do agree. ' Allah said, 'Then
bear witness, and I will be with you among the witnesses.'" 3:81
Abul Hasan Al Kabasi draws our attention to the
fact that in this verse Allah selected Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, out of all His Prophets and Messengers, and this excellence was not
given to anyone else.
Commentators
said that Allah described Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace
be upon him,
to each and every prophet and messenger before they were sent to
their nation, and took a covenant from each that
if he met him he must believe him. It has also been said that the covenant
entailed informing their nation of his impending coming together with his
description. The phrase, "Then there shall come to you a
Messenger" is addressed to the Jews and Nazarenes/Christians who were
the forerunners.
Ali, Abu Talib's son and others added that from
the time of Prophet Adam, Allah made a covenant with each prophet and messenger
to believe and help Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, if he
should happen to appear during their time. And that it was incumbent upon each
them to take a covenant with their nation to the same effect.
Allah says, "We took from the Prophets
their covenant and from you (Prophet Muhammad) from Noah and Abraham, from
Moses and Jesus the son of Mary."
33:7. And, "We have revealed to you as We
revealed to Noah and to the Prophets after him, and We revealed to Abraham,
Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the
tribes, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron and Solomon, and
We gave to David the Psalms. And Messengers of whom We have narrated to you
before, and Messengers of whom We did not narrate to you. Certainly, Allah
talked to Moses.
Messengers bearing glad tidings and warning, so
that the people will have no Argument against Allah, after the Messengers.
Allah is the Almighty, the Wise. " 4:163-165.
Upon the
passing of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, Omar
Al Khattab's son said as he mourned the loss.
"May my father and mother be your ransom. O Messenger of Allah, it has
been revealed that a fraction of your excellence before Allah is that He sent
you as His last Prophet whilst mentioning
you among the
first of them. 'We took from the Prophets their covenant and from
you from Noah'. May my father and mother
be your ransom! O Messenger of Allah, it has been revealed that a fraction of
your excellence with Allah is that the
people of the Fire will wish they had obeyed you
even when they are being
severely
punished and will say, 'Would that we had obeyed Allah and obeyed the
Messenger!' 33:66."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his followers, "Of all the prophets I was the first to be created and the
last of them to be sent." This is why he was mentioned before Noah and the
other prophets.
As-Samarkandi explained, "Because Allah
distinguished him by mentioning him before the other prophets - despite the
fact that he was the last of them to be sent - means that the covenant between
Allah and them was made when He brought them out from the back of Adam like
small ants."
Referring to the words "Of these
Messengers, We have preferred some above others" in the verse "Of
these Messengers, We have preferred some above others. To some Allah spoke, and
some He raised in rank."2:253 it has been explained that this phrase
refers to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, because he was sent
for all mankind. Allah also made the spoils of war lawful to him (which were
unlawful to previous prophets) and gave to him superior miracles. No other
prophet was given a virtue or an honorable rank without Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, being given its equivalent or higher. It has also
been said that a glimpse of his excellence is that Allah addresses him in the
Holy Koran using titles such as O Prophet, O Messenger whereas He calls the
other prophets by their names.
Commenting on the verse "Of his party was
Abraham" 37:83 Al Kalbi said, the word "his” refers to
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, because Abraham was of his
party, religion and path. However, it has also been said by Makki that it
refers to Prophet Noah, peace be upon him.
Section 8 -
The Command of Allah to His creation to praise the Prophet. His protection of
him and the removal of punishment on account of him.
Referring to
the period when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, lived in
Mecca Allah said, "But Allah was not to
punish them whilst you were living in their midst." 8:33.
After the Prophet's migration from Mecca to
Medina some Muslims remained in Mecca and the verse continues to say, "Nor
would Allah punish them if they repeatedly ask forgiveness of Him. "
Several years
later the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, led his unarmed
followers from Medina to Mecca on pilgrimage,
however, before they reached Mecca they encountered resistance from the
unbelievers of Mecca and were prevented from entering. Unknown to the Muslims
of Medina there were converts who had yet to migrate still living in Mecca and
because of them Allah sent down the verses, "If it had not been for
certain believing men and certain believing women whom you did not know, you
might have trampled upon them, and so sin reached you because of (killing) them
while you did not know." 48:25
From these
verses the exalted position of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, is clearly recognizable. If it had not been
for him the punishment would indeed have immediately fallen on the Meccans,
because Allah says, "And why should Allah not punish them"
8:34. Their punishment was postpone firstly on account of the Prophet's
presence amongst them, then because of the presence
of his
followers. After all the Muslims had migrated to Medina before Mecca was
opened the only people to remain in Mecca were
the unbelievers, but upon its opening the victory of the Muslims was
established and the unbelievers punished by having to accept defeat. It was
then that the property of the
Muslims
that had once been seized by the unbelievers was
restored to their rightful owners.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"I am a guarantee for my Companions." It has been said that this
means against innovation whilst others are of the opinion that it means against
disagreement and disorder. Another scholar said that the meaning of this quotation
is that the Messenger, was during
his life time, the greatest guarantee and he will
be present as long as his way is followed and that upon its abandoning
affliction and disorder are to be expected.
In chapter 33,
"The Confederates" there is a verse in which Allah Himself makes
clear the value of His Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, He says "Allah and His angels praise and venerate the
Prophet. Believers, praise and venerate him and pronounce peace upon him in
abundance." 33:56. Note how He begins the verse by referring to
Himself first in the praise and veneration of Prophet Muhammad, then Allah
makes it known that the angels do the same. Finally, one
becomes aware of the order that all believers are
obligated to ask Allah to praise and venerate our beloved Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him,
The saying of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, "The coolness of my eye is in the prayer" has been
explained by Abu Balr, Furak's son as meaning the praise of Allah, then that of
His angels followed by the response to the obligation of his nation up until
the Day of Resurrection. He went on to explain that the praise of the angels
and his nation is the supplication upon him and the mercy of Allah towards him.
It has also been said that "believers,
praise" the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, who taught his
Companions the supplication of praising upon himself, he made a distinction
between the Arabic words "salat" meaning praying to Allah, by bowing
and prostrating and "salat" meaning praising the Prophet.
Chapter 19 ’’Maryam" opens with the mystical
letters "KaafHaYa'aeenSaad." It has been explained that the
letter "Kaaf" is from the word "kifayah" meaning suffice,
and that Allah is sufficient for His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
This explanation is realized by the verse "Is it not that Allah
suffices His worshiper" 39:36, with the letter "Ha"
referring to the "hidayah" guidance of
Allah
as in the verse "and guides you on a
Straight Path" 48:2. "Ya" as in the word "ta'aed"
means support, and refers to the support of Allah as in the verse "And
remember how He gave you shelter" 8:26. As for the letter
"Saad" it has been explained as meaning the praise of Allah for him
as realized in the verse "Allah and His angel praise and venerate the
Prophet. " 33:56. Allah also says "But if you support one
another against him, (know that) Allah is his Guardian and Gabriel, and the
righteous among the believers."66:4. There are two explanations for
the phrase "righteous among the believers" one is that it refers
to the prophets and the other is that the meaning is as it is read.
Section 9 - The honor of the Prophet as expounded
in the chapter Al- Fath - "The Opening"
Allah
commences the Chapter "The Opening" with the verses "Indeed,
We have
opened for you (Prophet Muhammad) a clear
opening, that Allah forgives your past and future sins, and completes His Favor
to you, and guides you on a Straight Path, and that Allah helps you with a
mighty help. It was He who sent down tranquility into the hearts of the believers
so that they might add belief upon
belief. To Allah belong the armies of the heavens
and the earth. Allah is the Knower, the Wise. (From His Wisdom) He admits the
believers, both men and women, into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, there
to live for ever, and acquit them of their sins - that with Allah is a mighty
triumph - and that He might
punish the hypocrites and the idolaters, both men
and women, and those who think evil thoughts of Allah. An evil turn (of
fortune) will befall them. The Wrath of
Allah is on them, and He has cursed them and
prepared for them Gehenna (Hell), an evil arrival! To Allah belong the armies
of the heavens and the earth. Allah is the Almighty, and the Wise. We have sent
you (Prophet Muhammad) as
a witness and a bearer of glad tidings and
warning so that you believe in Allah and His Messenger and that you support
him, revere him (Prophet Muhammad) and exalt Him (Allah), at the dawn and in
the evening. Those who swear allegiance to you swear allegiance to Allah. The
Hand of Allah is above their hands. He who breaks his oath breaks it against
his self, but he that keeps his covenant made with Allah, Allah shall give him
a mighty wage. " 48:1 -10.
These verses denote yet again not only the favor,
praise, and nobility of the Prophet's rank but also portray the blessings of
Allah towards His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, all of which we are
only partially capable of understanding.
In the opening verse Allah announces to Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, that He will make him victorious over
his enemies, and how His word and law will govern. He tells him that he will
not be held accountable for
past or future actions and that he is forgiven.
"Allah forgives your past and future
sins," has been explained by a scholar of Islam that Allah gave the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, the status of pardoning and forgiveness
and that status becomes apparent by His addressing the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, with forgiving his sins though he has no major or minor sin
because his satan became a Muslim and his self ordered him only to do good, so
addressing him with forgiveness is only in the abstract and not for practical
reasons to correct any fault because there are none. In return to this some of
this forgiveness will transcend to his Companions and followers.
Another scholar said that "Allah forgives
your past and future sins, " means forgiveness for what had occurred
and what had not occurred. Makki, on the other hand it is said, "Allah has
made favor a cause for forgiveness and that everything comes from Him because
there is no god except Him. Favor upon favor and bounty upon bounty."
The second verse continues, "and
completes His Favor to you". Scholars said that this is brought about
by the humiliation of those who were arrogant. It has also been said that Allah
is referring to the opening of Mecca and Ta'if. In addition to these
explanations it has been said that it means the elevation of the Prophet's
status in this life, the help of Allah, and His forgiveness. In this verse
Allah tells him that the completion of His blessings is in humiliating the
arrogant enemies of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the opening
of two of the most important cities, Mecca and Ta'if through which the
prophetic status is raised because he is guided on the Straight Path which
ultimately leads to the Garden and happiness in the Everlasting Life. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was always helped by Allah, but the help
he received at that time was by far mightier.
The next verse
tells of the favor of Allah upon the believers through His blessing
towards them by the sending down of tranquility
of their hearts that increased them in belief. Further on He gives the best of
news - that of a mighty triumph - to both believing men and women that Allah
forgives and acquits them of their sins, and rewards them with the Garden where
they shall live for ever. Allah then
speaks of the punishment of the hypocrites and
idolaters in this world and in the Everlasting Life, saying they are cursed and
distanced from His Mercy as their final arrival is an evil place in Hell.
Allah says, "We have sent you (Prophet
Muhammad) as a witness and as a bearer of glad tidings and warning".
In this verse Allah mentions more of the Prophet's excellent qualities and
characteristics. He tells us that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, will be a witness against his nation because it is he who conveyed to them
the message entrusted to him by Allah.
It has also been said that it is on behalf of his
nation as he will bear witness to the Oneness of Allah. In addition to this He
gives good news of the impending reward and forgiveness to those destined for
good with the belief in Allah, and His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
and warns of the punishment that awaits his wayward enemies.
"That you support him, revere him"
the consensus is that this refers to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, and that he will be held in high regard by his nation.
Ata's son said that this chapter contains a
diversity of blessings for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. For
example, "the clear opening" is a sign of answering, "forgives"
is an indication of love, and it is freedom from any blemish.
"Completes" is another blessing and
an indication of his election, and the completed blessing is the attainment of
the degree of perfection. "Guides" is an indication of the
friendship of Allah with him, and is the summons to the witnessing.
Jafar,
Muhammad's son explained that part of the completed blessing of Allah to
His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is
that He made him His beloved, that He swore by his life, superseded other laws
with the one he brought, and raised him to the highest rank. Allah protected
him during the Night Ascent so that his eye did not swerve. He sent him for all
mankind and permitted
the spoils of war to his nation (that had
previously been forbidden to the People of the Book). Allah elevated him to the
rank in which his intercession is accepted
and made him the master of the descendants of
Prophet Adam, peace be upon him. Allah placed Prophet Muhammad's name next to
His own Name in many places such as in the proclamation of faith and in the
call to prayer.
The chapter continues to say, "Those who
swear allegiance to you swear allegiance to Allah."This is in
reference to those who gave their allegiance known as Ar-Ridwan - the pleasure
of Allah. When the Companions swore allegiance to the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, their oath of allegiance was to Allah.
The pledge is followed by the statement, "The
Hand of Allah is above their hands." The word "Hand"is
metaphorical and symbolizes the power of Allah,
His
reward, favor
or His bond, and strengthens the undertaking of their pledge to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, him, and at the same time
raises
the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, to whom their allegiance
was
given.
In the chapter "The Spoils" verse 17
there is a similarity, "It was not you who killed them, but Allah slew
them, neither was it you who threw at them. Allah threw at them".
However, in the previous verse it is metaphorical whereas in this
verse it is a literal truth because both the
Slayer and the Thrower were in reality Allah. The Creator, Allah, is the
Creator of actions therefore He was the One who threw, as well as the Giver of
power and decision to throw. No person has the power to throw in such a way
that the eyes of each and every enemy become
filled with dust, and the slaying was the reality
of the angel's slaying.
This verse has been explained as meaning that the
Muslims neither killed them nor did they throw either the stones or sand at
their faces. It was Allah who threw
terror into
their hearts. The meaning of this is that the benefit of the action comes
directly from
the action of Allah, and that Allah is both the Slayer and the Thrower
and the Companions were the doers in name.
Section 10 -
How Allah expresses His honoring of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
in the Koran and makes clear His position and the esteem with which He regards
him together with other blessed matters.
Part of the honor in which Allah holds His
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is found in chapters 17 and 53 "The
Night Journey", and "The Star". In these
chapters the
clarity of the Prophet's exalted, and incomparable rank together with
his nearness to Allah are witnessed.
In the under-mentioned verses, it is abundantly
clear that the protection of Allah is with His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him. Allah says, "Allah protects you from the people. "
5:67. "And when the unbelievers plotted against you (Prophet Muhammad),
they sought to either take you captive or have you killed, or expelled. They
plotted - but Allah (in reply) also plotted." 8:30. And, "If
you (believers) do not help him, Allah will help him as He helped him when he
was driven out with one other (Abu Bakr)." 9:40.
When the
unbelievers conspired and devised a plot to kill the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, Allah prevented him from being
harmed by his enemies by causing a deep slumber to fall upon the unbelievers so
that he might pass unseen through their midst.
Then again, in an attempt to prevent the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, and Abu Bakr, his honored companion's migration
to Medina the Koraysh set out in hot pursuit from Mecca and searched the caves
of its surrounding mountains. As the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
took rest in a cave on the steep slopes of Mount Thawr, Allah caused another protecting
miracle to occur. A spider spun a huge web across the entrance of the cave and
a pair of pigeons gathered some twigs from a nearby tree, then built a nest
beneath the web on the ledge. As the Koraysh started to climb the mountain the
female pigeon settled herself on the nest and laid her eggs, whilst her mate
perched nearby.
As the shouts and tramping of footsteps grew
nearer their footsteps could be heard on the ledge directly above the cave. Abu
Bakr became alarmed at the thought of being discovered and whispered to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "If they look under their feet they
will see us!" In his gentle, reassuring manner, Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, consoled him, saying, "What do you think of two
people who have Allah with them as their third?" When Abu Bakr heard these
words peace descended upon him and his fear vanished.
Shortly after, one of the search party noticed
the cave underneath the ledge on which he was standing and peered over to take
a better look at it. When he saw the spider's web and the pigeon sitting on its
nest he told the others that it would be a complete waste of time and effort to
climb down to check the cave as he was sure it must be empty on account of the
nest and the spider's web. Another peered over the ledge and agreed, saying the
cob-web was so old that it must have been spun before the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, had even been born!
Then again, when after they left the cave and
journeyed on to Medina an were spotted by Suraka Malik's son, the protection of
Allah encompassed them.
These stories
are all found in the quotations of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, that narrate the events of his
migration to Medina.
The chapter "The River of Abundance"
reads, "Indeed, We have given you (Prophet Muhammad) the abundance (Al
Kawthar: river, its pool and springs).
So
pray to your Lord and sacrifice. Surely, he who
hates you, he is the most severed." In this short chapter
Allah tells the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon
him, what he has been given. Kawthar has
been said to refer to his pool, also it has been said that it is a river in the
Garden, profuse blessings, intercession and
the multitude of miracles given to him, his
Prophethood. The statement "Surely, he who hates you, he is the most
severed” refers to his enemies and those who despise the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him. "Severed" bears the meaning of
wretched, abased, abandoned, or one who has no good in him whatsoever.
Allah tells his Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, in chapter 15:87. "We have given you the seven duals and the
Mighty Holy Reading. " There are several
explanations
to this verse. "The seven duals” have been explained as referring
to
the first lengthy chapters and that "the
Mighty Holy Reading” is the first chapter, "The Opener - Al Fatiha”.
It has also been said that "the seven duals” is the Mother of the
Koran meaning ”The Opener” and that the ”Mighty Holy Reading" refers
to the rest of the Koran. It has also been said that "the seven duals”
refer to the commands and prohibitions, good news and warnings.
”The Mother of
the Koran” has also been said to be the "seven duals" because
it
is read at least twice in each obligatory prayer.
It has also been said that Allah reserved it for Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, and did not give it to the other prophets, or that He called
the Koran "the seven duals" because of the repetition of its
stories. Finally, it has been said that "the seven duals"
bears the meaning that Allah honored His Prophet with seven distinctions,
honor, guidance, prophecy, mercy, intercession,
friendship, veneration with tranquility.
Allah tells His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, "And We sent down to you the Remembrance so that you can make
clear to the people what has been sent down to them, in order that they
reflect. " 16:44. And, "We did not send you (Prophet Muhammad)
for all mankind except to bring them glad tidings and to warn." 34:28.
And "Say: O mankind, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all.'" 7:158
Allah says, "We
have sent no Messenger except in the tongue of his own nation."
14:4. This verse specifies the messengers own
specific nation. Reflect for a moment and discover yet another special favor
granted to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, the initial sending
was when the Archangel Gabriel delivered the message to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, in
the tongue of his nation of birth. Thereafter,
the message spread over the frontiers where other languages are spoken. These
nations checked the veracity
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and
many converted then learned the Arabic language, and this is the realization of
the Prophet's saying
"I
was sent for all mankind."
Allah tells us, "The Prophet has a greater
right on the believers than their own selves; his wives are their
mothers." 33:6. The words "has a greater right on the
believers" has been explained that there is an obligation upon all
believers to obey his orders in the same way that a slave must obey the order
of his master, being obedient to his order is far better than using one's own
judgment that is subject to flaws. "His wives are their mothers"
means believers must respect the wives of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, as they respect their own mothers and for this reason his wives were not
permitted to marry anyone after his death - this is yet another indication of
the honor in which
Allah beholds him, and that his wives will be his
wives in the Garden.
Allah says, "Allah
has sent down to you the Book and the Wisdom... The Bounty
of Allah to you is ever great" 4:113. "Is
ever great" refers to his Prophethood or that which was given to him
in pre-eternity. Al Wasiti said that it is an indication to
his ability to endure the vision which Prophet
Moses could not endure.
AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE WAY IN WHICH ALLAH
PERFECTED THE
EXCELLENCE OF THE PROPHET'S CHARACTER
HIS ESTABLISHMENT
AND BY BLESSING HIM WITH ALL THE VIRTUES OF RELIGION
AND THIS WORLD.
Those who love our noble Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, and seek to learn the details of the immense treasure of
his reality should first know that they are one of two categories in which the
beautiful and perfect qualities of mankind can be found.
The first category:
This is the category of inborn characteristics,
for example, those which are necessary for this worldly life, and things
associated with the actions occurring in
one's daily habits.
The second category:
This is the category in which characteristics are
accomplished as part of one's religion, and these are the praiseworthy
qualities that draw one nearer to Allah.
These qualities are in themselves divisible into
two categories, and are either qualities that are inborn or acquired, or a
combination of both qualities.
With respect to inborn qualities, such qualities
are not subject to choice. For example a perfect physique, beauty, intellectual
power, perfect code of ethics, accuracy of understanding, removal from all bad
characteristics, eloquence, sharpness of senses, bodily strength, noble
lineage, power of one's relatives and the honor of one's nation.
There is a connection between the aforesaid and
to things necessary to one's daily life, for example, food, sleep, clothing,
home, marriage, property or rank. Such matters can be connected to the
Everlasting Life if one's intention is related
to the fear of Allah and educating one's body to
pursue the Path of Allah, even though all are defined and governed by Islamic
law as being necessities.
Qualities that
are acquired and relate to the Everlasting life include virtues as well
as manners
prescribed by Islamic Law, religious practices, knowledge, tolerance,
patience, gratitude, justice, self-restraint,
humility, pardon, chastity, generosity, courage, modesty, gallantry, silence,
contemplation, companionship and such like qualities all of which can be
characterized as being a "good character".
For some these qualities are inherent, or a
natural temperament whereas they are not found in others and therefore they
have to work to acquire them, however, there are some qualities that must exist
to form the foundation of one's nature, and Allah willing (inshaAllah), these
will be clarified shortly.
The consensus
of many scholars is that such qualities are deemed as being of a
"good and virtuous character" even when
the intention is not for Allah and the Everlasting Life. Why a person has these
qualities is a subject for debate amongst scholars.
When a person is known to have been blessed with one
or two of these noble qualities, that person, no matter whether he/she has
passed away or is alive, is considered to be a person of note and consequently
used as a role model, because of his endearing qualities and this in turn
causes him to be respected and honored.
When a person is blessed with an uncountable
abundance of perfection and nobility, it is impossible to even try to express
the extent of his worth by one's tongue. And one must know that such qualities
are only possible as a gift from Allah, the Almighty.
This is exactly the gift bestowed on Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and includes to list but a few, his
Prophethood, being chosen for the conveyance of His message, close friendship
with Allah, the receivership of His love, the Night Journey in which he was
blessed with a vision of Allah, nearness,
revelation, intercession, mediation, completion
of all virtues, high rank, the praiseworthy station, the winged mount Burack,
the accession, being sent for all
humanity, being the leader of all the other
prophets in prayer together with his witnessing over them and mastery over all
the descendants of
Prophet Adam, being the bearer of the Banner of
Praise, the bringer of good news and warning, his status before the Owner of
the Throne, obedience, bearer of the trust, guidance, being sent as a mercy to
all the worlds, the receiver
of the pleasure of Allah that permits him to ask
of Him when all of creation are silenced, the pool of Kawthar, being heeded,
the perfection of praising him, being in the status of pardon that covers both
past and future actions, the expanding of his chest, the removal of his burden,
the elevation of his eminence, being helped with a mighty victory, the sending
of down of tranquility, the support of angels, his conveyance of the Koran and
Wisdom together with the seven duals, the purification of his nation, his
inviting to Allah, the praise and veneration of Allah, and His angels upon him,
his judgement established on what was given to him by Allah, his removal of the
shackles and burden from his nation, the swearing of Allah by his name, the
answering of his supplications, the speech of not only the inanimate but
animals to him, the miracles of water that flowed from his finger tips, the
increase of small amounts to that of plenty, the dividing of the moon, the
delaying of the sun set, the transformation of items, given the help of casting
terror, his knowledge of the Unseen, the shade of the clouds, the exaltations
of the pebbles, his healing and his protection from the enemies of Islam.
The preceding are but a minute taste of
uncountable blessings that adorn our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and
knowledge of his fine qualities can only be contained by someone who is given
it, and it is Allah alone who is the Giver because there is no god except Him.
In addition to this there are honorable ranks,
degrees of purity, happiness, the excellence and increase of the Bounty of
Allah that lie in store for him in the Everlasting Life - these are to numerous
to be counted and are far beyond the grasp of anyone's intellect and mystify
the imagination.
Section 2 - The description of the Prophet's physic
It is
impossible to turn a blind eye to the fact that Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, is by far the most worthy and
the greatest of all mankind, and that he is the most perfect of all, adorned
with the most excellent virtues and
qualities.
In this
section Judge Eyad embarks upon detailing the perfection of the Prophet's
physical attributes and supplicates "May
Allah illumine my heart and yours, and increase our love for this noble
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him." He then
reminds the reader of the fact that the Prophet's
qualities were not acquired rather, they were gifted to him by the Creator.
His physical description and character have been
reported by many of his Companions and we are told that he was the most
handsome man ever created, surpassing the beauty of Prophet Joseph for whom the
women of the city cut their hands, "When she heard of their sly
whispers, she sent for them and prepared a banquet. To each she gave a knife,
(then called Joseph saying,) 'Come and attend to them. ' When they saw him,
they were so taken with him that they cut their hands, and said, 'Allah save
us! This is no mortal, he is no other but a noble angel!' 12.21.
The complexion of Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, was radiant. His eyes were black, deep, widely set, and
naturally mascaraed with a slight tinge of pink, accentuated by long eyelashes.
His nose was distinctive and his teeth evenly spaced. His face was round with a
broad forehead. His beard was thick and reached his chest. As for his chest and
abdomen they were equal in size and his shoulders were broad as was his chest.
His bones were large as were his arms. The palms of his hands were thick as
were the soles of his feet. His fingers were long and his skin tone fair. The
hair between his chest and navel was fine. He was of medium stature, however,
when a tall person walked by his side the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, appeared to be the taller. As for his hair it was neither curly nor
straight and when he laughed his teeth were visible like a flash of lightning,
or, they have been described as white as hailstones. His neck was balanced,
neither broad nor fat, as for his body it was firm and did not lack firmness in
any limb.
The following sayings are but a fraction of the
multi narrations of the Companion's description of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, although
they are but a sampling, they are sufficient to
convey the perception of his handsomeness. Everyone who met him said they had
never seen anyone like him. In the forthcoming sections we will, if Allah
wills, report even more.
When the
Companion Al Bara saw a lock of the Prophet's hair resting on his red
robe he
commented, "I have never seen anyone with a more beautiful lock of hair
than his resting on a red robe."
Abu Hurayrah, said, "I have never seen
anyone more handsome than the Messenger of Allah, it was as though the sun was
shining upon his face and when he laughed it reflected from the wall."
Someone asked Jabir, Samura's son, "Was his
face like a sword (meaning white and shinning)?" He replied, "No, it
was like the sun and the moon, and round."
Umm Ma'bad, the lady from whom the description of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was more profuse, said, "Even
from a distance he was the most beautiful of people, and as he drew near it was
apparent that he was the most handsome."
Abi Hala's son said, "His face glowed like
the full moon."
Imam Ali, may Allah honor his face, said at the
end of his description of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
"Anyone who came upon him by chance became filled with timidity towards of
him and those who kept company with him loved him."
Section 3 - The Prophet's cleanliness
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
”The religion is based on cleanliness."
The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was blessed by Allah with the extra
special quality of being free from all forms of
uncleanliness and bodily defects. These qualities were special for him and no
one else has ever been privileged with such qualities.
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
was born he was already circumcised and his umbilical cord cut. His mother Lady
Amina, peace be upon her, tells us, "He was clean when he was born and
there was no trace of impurity upon him."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
adorned with the sweetest of fragrances, as was his perspiration. Anas commented,
"I have never smelled amber, musk or any other (perfume) more fragrant
than the aroma of the Messenger of Allah."
One day the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, touched the cheek of Jabir, Samura's son and Jabir said, "I
felt a cool sensation and his hand
was fragrant,
it was as if he had withdrawn it from a sachet of perfume. Jabir also
said, "When the Prophet walked down a road,
anyone who happened to pass along the same road knew he had been there on
account of his fragrance." On another occasion Jabir rode behind the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon Him, and put his mouth upon the seal of his
prophecy between his shoulders and
its fragrance spread over him like musk.
It was also
reported that even if he had perfumed his hand or not, if he shook the
hand of a man the fragrance would remain for the
rest of the day. When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, placed his
hand on the head of a child, the child was recognizable from amongst other
children by its fragrance.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
visited the house of Anas and fell asleep on a rug and perspired. When Anas's
mother noticed the perspiration she fetched a long necked bottle into which she
collected the drops of perspiration. Later, the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, inquired about it, whereupon she replied, "We mixed it
with our perfume and it is the most fragrant of scents."
Even when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, relieved himself, it is reported that the earth would split open and
swallow his discharge and there remained a fragrant aroma.
Lady Ayesha, Mother of Believers, may Allah be
pleased with her, said to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "When
you return after relieving yourself, there is nothing offensive about
you." He replied, "O Ayesha, don't you know that the earth swallows
up what is discharged from the prophets so that nothing is seen?"
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
passed away, Imam Ali, may
Allah be
pleased with him, washed his body and said, "I washed the Prophet, and
looked for the normal discharge from a deceased
person but found nothing, whereupon I said, 'You were pure during your life and
pure in death.'" He
added,
"A sweet aroma exuded from him, the like of
which I have never experienced." Upon kissing the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, after his death, Abu Bakr also mentioned the sweetness of
his aroma.
On the day of
Uhud the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, suffered a slight
injury, whereupon he permitted Malik Sinan's son
to remove the blood which he then swallowed. The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told him, "The
Fire
will not touch you."
On another occasion, the Prophet's blood was
cupped, whereupon Abdullah, Zubair's son swallowed it. The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, did not object to what he had done but said, "Woe to
you from the people and woe to
the
people from you."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, kept a
wooden bowl under his bed in which, if he felt the need, he could urinate
during the night. One night a lady by
the name of
Baraka, (scholars differ whether or not she is the same Baraka who
served the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him), felt thirsty and upon seeing
the cup drank
the urine without knowing. There were also similar occurrences in
which his urine was drunk, when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, learned of it he did not order the washing of
their mouth nor did he forbid them
to
do it again. One should understand that when
ordinary people drink water it cleanses them, so their output is unclean. In
the case of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, the liquid that left his
body was clean, because he was pure in both body and physic therefore whatever
came from his bodily was pure and contained the effect of blessings, therefore
due to this, the output from his body was sweeter and the drinker did not taste
any urine as they would do so with anyone else. On several occasions the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions "Allah feeds me
and gives me to drink."
Lady Ayesha,
may Allah be pleased with her, said, "I never saw the private parts
of the Messenger of Allah", praise and peace
be upon him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked
Imam Ali to ensure that no one other than himself should wash him (his covered
body after his death). He told him, "No one has ever seen me naked, and if
it were to happen he would become blind."
Abbas' son said that as the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, slept he heard him breathing deeply. He woke up to pray but
did not make ablution. Ikrima said, "That was because he was protected by
Allah and when he slept his
eyes were
closed but his heart and internal being were not in the status of sleep,
therefore he
would make ablution only when it was needed. The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, said, "My eyes sleep
but my heart does not."
Section 4 - The Prophet's intellect, eloquence and astuteness
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
gifted by Allah with the most excellent intellect. He was astute and his senses
were acute, as for his speech he was by far the most eloquent. There is no
doubt that these qualities were unsurpassable.
The
superiority of his intellect and depth of understanding become evident when
one reflects
upon the way in which he administered not only the internal affairs of
his nation but also external affairs - no matter
whether they were the affairs of just ordinary people or those of the
chieftains of society. His ability was truly amazing, and his life exemplary
coupled with profound knowledge that simply flowed from him and the way in
which, without previous instruction, experience, or reading directed him to
carry out and fulfill the Laws of Allah.
Wahb, Munabbih's son, who was well educated said,
"From my readings it has been has become evident that if all the
intelligence of humanity, from the first to the last, were to be gathered as
one, it would be in comparison to the intelligence
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, as
a single grain of sand."
Allah says, "and
when you turn among those who prostrate themselves" 26:219.
The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "I see the one
behind my neck just as I see the one before
me." Mujahid explained when the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, arose from prayer he could see everyone behind him, just as if they
were in front of him."
Regarding the eyesight of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, Baki, Mukhallad's son informs us, "The Prophet, could
see just as well in the dark as he could see in the light."
In the references of authentic prophetic sayings
that tell of the ability of his sight one finds many reports of his seeing
angels and devils. When the Negus of Abyssinia passed away he was able to see
him whereupon he prayed the absent
funeral prayer
upon him, and before seeing him the Angel Gabriel came to inform
him of his passing. Although the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, was far from Jerusalem, he saw the city and described it
to the Koraysh. And as he was building the Mosque in Medina the Ka'ba was
visible to him.
His
clear-sightedness permitted him to see the eleven stars in the Pleaides. This
phenomenon was
also amongst the special blessings gifted by Allah to the other
prophets.
Abu Hurayrah heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "When Allah, directed glory near Prophet Moses, Moses
was able to see an ant on a stone a distance of thirty miles away." So
imagine what Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, was able to see of
spiritual affairs and ranks!
No one can deny this attribute after the
Prophet's, praise and peace be upon him, Night Ascent when he received the
special favor of seeing one of the greatest signs of his Lord.
Abu Rukana, known for his incredible strength
wrestled with the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, three times
and each time Abu Rukana was defeated, after which the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, invited him to Islam.
As for his gait, Abu Hurayrah said, "I never
saw anyone walk more swiftly than the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him. It was as if the earth rolled up for him, we would be exhausted but
there were no signs of weariness upon him at all." It is also reported
that when he walked, it was as if he were coming down a slope.
His laugh was that of a broad smile. When he
turned to face someone, he would look at them directly.
Section 5 - The perfection of the Prophet's speech
There are many reports of the Prophet's mastery
of the Arabic tongue together with his eloquence and fluency of speech. When he
spoke he was very concise
and expressed things clearly. His speech was well
structured, free from all affectation and he used sound meanings.
He was adept in all the different dialects of
Arabia and able to converse with each community using their own colloquial
expressions. When they debated
or argued with him he replied using their regular
phrasing, and there were several occasions when his Companions were unable to
understand what he said and requested him to explain.
The way in
which he spoke to the Koraysh of Mecca and the Ansar of Medina, or
the people of the Hijaz or Najd was different
from the way in which he spoke to Dhul Mishar Al Hamdhani, Tahfah Al Handi,
Katan, Haritha Al Ulaymi's son, Al Ashath, Kays' son, Wail, Hujr Al Kindi's son
and other chieftains of the Hadramat and the kings of Yemen.
As for his
everyday speech, famous speeches, statements and sayings, volumes
have been written about them together with
references containing their words and an explanation of their meanings.
The eloquence of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, is unequal and demonstrated in the following sampling:
"People are like the teeth of comb."
"A man is with the one he loves"
"There is no good in company that does not
show you what you show them."
"People are like mines of gold and silver.
The best of you in the 'Time of Ignorance' is the best of you in Islam, if they
understand (the Islamic Law)."
"A man who knows his own worth is not
destroyed."
"Allah shows mercy to His worshipper who
speaks well and gains, or who remains silent and safe."
"Become a
Muslim and you will be safe, become a Muslim and Allah will give you
your wage twice over."
"Those among you I love most and those who
will sit close to me on the Day of Resurrection are the best of you in
character, who give shelter, and protect and Reconcile."
"The two faced person has no status before
Allah."
"Gossiping is forbidden, as is excessive
questioning, squandering property, forbidding gifts, disobedience to mothers
and the burial of girls alive."
"No matter where you are, fear Allah. Follow
a bad action with one that is good because it erases (the bad). He created
people with a good character."
"The best affairs is the median way"
"Answer
the one you love with gentleness, lest one day he becomes the one who
hates you."
"On the Day of Resurrection, injustice will
appear as darkness."
There are a multitude of examples (over 12000
authentic statements), these are but a few and one cannot fail to marvel and
reflect upon the wisdom found within them.
The Companions
said to him, "We are unable to find anyone more eloquent than
you." To this he replied, "How could it
be otherwise, the Koran was revealed on my tongue, a clear Arabic tongue."
It is reported that on another occasion, the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "I am the most
eloquent of Arabs since I am from the Koraysh and was raised among the children
of Saad." The tribe of Saad was famous for their strength and purity of the
Arabic language and this was coupled
to the eloquence spoken in Mecca. All these
elements were combined with Divine support that accompanies the Revelation and
which no mortal can imitate.
Umm Mabab said of him, "His speech was sweet
and distinct without using too few words or an excess. It was as if his speech
consisted of threaded pearls.
His
very melodic voice penetrated."
Section 6 - The nobility of the Prophet's
lineage, his honored birthplace, and his upbringing
The lineage of
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, was from the
best of the children of Hashim and the noble
fabrics of the Koraysh. He was descended from the most noble and mighty Arabs
not only on his father's side but also on his mother's.
Referring to the blessing of his nobility the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told Abu Hurayrah "I was sent from
the best of each consecutive generation
of the children of Adam until I appeared in the
generation in which I am from."
There are many
Prophetic sayings reported by the Companions, the following are
a selection:
Al Abbas tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Allah created the Creation and from the best of
their generations He placed me among the best of them. Then He selected the
tribes and placed me among the best tribe. Thereafter, He selected families and
placed me among the best of them. I am the best of them in person and the best
of them in family."
Waila Aska's son tells of the time the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, spoke of his lineage saying, "Allah chose
Ishmael from the children of
Abraham, and from the
children of Ishmael He chose the children of Kinana, then from the children of
Kinana Allah chose the Koraysh and chose the children of Hashim from the
Koraysh, then Allah chose me from the children of Hashim."
We are told by
Omar's son that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said
"Allah, the Mighty, the Glorified chose from
His creation the children of Adam.
Then from the children of Adam He chose the
Arabs. Thereafter He chose from the Arabs the Koraysh. Then He chose from the
Koraysh and from them
He
choose the
children of Hashim. From the children of Hashim He chose me, and I
am the best of the best. Whosoever loves the
Arabs loves them because he loves of me. Whosoever hates Arabs hates them
because he hates me."
Abbas' son
said that the spirit of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
a light in the hands of Allah two thousand years
before He created Adam. That light exalted Him and by this light the angels
exalted Allah, and when Allah created Adam, He cast that light into his loins.
He also tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Allah brought me down to earth in the loins of
Adam, then He placed me in the loins of Noah and thereafter cast me into the
loins of Abraham. Allah proceeded to move me from one noble loin and pure womb
to another until He brought me out of my parents. None of them were ever joined
together in fornication."
Section 7a - The daily life of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him
The necessities of one's daily life can be
categorized as being of three kinds:
1. That which is excellent in small quantities
2. That which is excellent in large quantities
3. That which varies according to the situation
Being satisfied with a little has been acclaimed
by scholars and sages alike as being excellent. Having an excess of anything is
an indication of greed, covetousness and gluttony. Excess leads to harm in this
life and in the Everlasting Life. Take for example the consumption of excessive
food and
drink, overindulgence
cultivates illness, causes coarseness in the self and dulls the intellect. When
one is satisfied with a little it is an indication of contentment and
self-control.
The same can
be said of excessive sleep, it is an indication of weakness, lack of
intelligence and sharpness. The result is that of
laziness, squandering one's life in useless pursuits, hard-heartedness,
neglect, and this leads to the death of one's heart.
Ample proof is found in the sayings of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him and in observation from the sages of
bygone eras. These proofs will not be mentioned in full since the knowledge
they contain is well known, instead it will be summarized.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
the most abstemious of men and encouraged his followers to be satisfied with a
little. Al Mikdam, Madikarib's son reported that he said "The son of Adam
does not fill any container worse than his belly. A little is sufficient for
the son of Adam to keep his
back straight.
If there must be more, then a third for his food, a third for his drink
and a third
for his breath." The result of excessive consumption of food and drink
is excessive sleep.
Sufyan At-Thawri observed, "By partaking in
only a little food one is then able to stay awake during the night."
Another
advised, " Do not eat of a lot so that you drink a lot, then sleep a lot
and
lose a lot."
Lady Ayesha, wife of the Prophet, may Allah be
pleased with her, described the habit of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
saying. "He never filled his stomach completely. He neither asked his
family for food, neither did he desire it. If they fed it to him then he ate.
Whatever they served him he accepted and he
drank whatever he was given."
Luqman, known
for his wisdom (and mentioned in the Koran) said to his son, "My
son, when the intestines are full, contemplation
sleeps, wisdom is dulled and limbs hesitate and weaken in worship."
Sahnun said, "Knowledge does not befit
someone who eats until he is replete."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions, "I, myself do not eat seated in a reclining posture"
or sitting cross legged or in a comfortable manner. When the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, sat, he sat in a squatting position as if he was going
to get up.
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
slept it was but a little. He said, "My eyes sleep, but my heart does not
sleep." When he slept, he slept on his right side so that his sleep would
be shallow. Sleeping on the left side is easier on the heart and one's organs
as they incline to the left side. When one sleeps on the right side, there is a
tendency to wake up quickly and is not overcome by deep slumber.
Section 7b - Marriage and related issues
The second praiseworthy category of necessity is
that which is excellent in large quantities, and this category includes such
matters as marriage and rank.
It is praiseworthy for a man to have more than
one wife, referring to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Abbas' son
said, "The best of this community is the one with the most wives (also
reported is "the best of this community is she who gives birth)."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
forbade celibacy because marriage protects appetites from straying, and said,
"Whosoever is able to marry should marry, it lowers the eyes and protects
the private parts." It is for this reason that the scholars of Islam say
that it is not a matter that detracts from the virtue of abstinence.
When one examines the examples of the Companions,
it is found that the most abstemious among them had wives and were sexually
active with them and those whom their right hand possessed. Many disliked the
thought of meeting Allah unmarried.
The question has been raised, "How can
marriage be so virtuous when Allah praised, Prophet John, son of Prophet
Zachariah for being chaste? And how is it that Allah praised him for not doing
something that is considered to be a virtue. In addition, Prophet Jesus, son of
Mary also remained celibate. If it is as you say, would they have
married?"
In answer to this question indeed Allah praised
Prophet John for being chaste, and it was not, as someone once said, that he
was weak or not masculine. This derogatory remark has been rejected by
knowledgeable scholars and perceptive commentators on the grounds that it
implies imperfection and fault, neither of these characteristics befit any of
the prophets of Allah. What it does mean is that (in his state of celibacy) he
was protected from wrong actions, it is also said that he was detached from all
bodily desires and had no desire.
From this it
is understood that marriage is a desirable virtue whereas there is an
imperfection
in those who are able to marry but do not. The inability to marry may
be counteracted with the virtue of striving.
Prophet Jesus was perfect and strove. In the case of Prophet John, he was given
sufficiency from Allah.
Marriage
frequently distracts one from the remembrance of Allah when this is so
a person is attached to the world. There are
those who marry and fulfill the obligations of marriage without being
distracted from the remembrance of Allah and these people attain a high rank
before Allah. This high rank is found in Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, who had several wives but was never distracted from his worshipping.
Rather, it increased him in worship because he protected his wives, gave them
their rights, provided for them and guided them to the worship of Allah.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"Allah caused me to love women and perfume in this world of yours, but the
coolness of my eye (my delight) is in prayer." What he implied was that
whereas other people have the love of women and perfume, for them such matters
belong to worldly affairs, however his involvement with them was not for this
worldly life but rather for the Everlasting Life because he was anxious to be
wearing perfume when he met angels.
Above these worldly affairs, his passion which
was distinctly for him, was the witnessing of the angelic hosts of his Lord and
the closeness of conversation with Him. It is for this reason that he made a
distinction between the two loves by separating the two conditions in his
saying "and the delight of my eye is in prayer."
There is, however, an extra virtue the satisfaction
of satisfying a wife's need.
The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was given
an abundance of this ability and would visit all of his wives in the same hour.
Anas and his companions concluded that he had been given the power of thirty
men. Others such as
Tawas
said, "In the matter of sexual intercourse,
the Prophet was endowed with the power of forty men." After having visited
each wife he would take a purification bath before going to the next and said,
"This is better and purer."
Prophet Solomon and Prophet David were endowed
with the same ability. Prophet Solomon said, "During the night I visited a
hundred or ninety-nine women. Abbas' son said, "In the loins of Solomon
there was the semen of a hundred men, and he had three hundred wives and three
hundred whom the right hand possesses." It has also been reported that he
had seven hundred wives. As for Prophet David, he had ninety-nine wives.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
was sent during a time in which it was common-place to have forty wives. He
reduced the number of wives
a man could
have to four, and made it conditional when marrying more than one
that justice must prevail and each should be
evenly treated, if this cannot be established, then a man should only marry one
wife.
Anas reported that the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, said, "I have been preferred over my nation in four things -
generosity, courage, abundance of
sexual intercourse and great power."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was a
modest person. Even in the hearts of those who rejected, injured him and his
Companions or tried in secrecy
to harm him he
was well regarded. When he met them face to face they became
respectful and gave him what he requested.
There are many reports of the experiences of
people who met him, when Kayla saw him she began to tremble on account of
timidity but he calmed her gently saying, "Poor girl, you must be
calm." The father of Masood reported that a
man
came before
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and started to tremble,
but the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
straight away put him at ease saying, "Relax, I am not a king."
Section 7c - The way in which the Prophet dealt
with money and commodities
The third category is that which varies according
to the situation. Its praiseworthiness and excellence vary according to
circumstances and includes the accumulation of wealth.
When a person uses his wealth for pious reasons
and spends it in charity seeking Allah and the Everlasting Life, then it is a
virtue in the eyes of everyone upon all occasions.
As for the person who chooses to withhold his
wealth, regardless whether it is meager or abundant, misuses it and is anxious
to amass more, then his wealth has become a cause for his imperfection, it has
become worthless rather than a virtue. When this is the case his wealth does
not save him, rather the opposite, and the vice of miserliness and meanness is
attached to him.
Wealth can be a praiseworthy virtue, however, it
does not lie in the actual amount of wealth, rather it lies in its proper use.
If a person who has amassed a lot of wealth but uses it improperly he is not in
the true sense affluent or a wealthy person, and therefore cannot be called
praiseworthy. In fact he is deemed by scholars as being impoverished, as he
does not realize any of his goals because he does not have control over them.
He is like a treasurer in charge of someone else's property but he himself has
no property, it is as if he owned nothing.
The one who is truly affluent and wealthy is the
one who spends it because he has acquired the beneficial virtue that accompany
wealth, even after all has been spent.
Let us take a close look at the way in which
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, dealt with wealth. When one reads
the story of his life, it is apparent that he was given the treasures of the
world as well as the keys to lands.
Before his advent, the spoils of war had been
unlawful to other prophets and their followers, but to him and his followers
Allah made them lawful. He opened the Hijaz, Yemen, all of Arabia as well as
the areas bordering Syria and Iraq. He was brought a fifth of the spoils of
war, the poll-tax as well as the obligatory charity, and kings gave him gifts.
However, he neither kept the wealth for himself nor did he keep single coin for
himself, he spent it all in the way of Allah, he was generous, enriched people
and strengthened Muslims through its use.
His giving is illustrated in the following that
occurred after the conclusion of the afternoon prayer in Medina. Utbah Harith's
son said, "The moment the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, concluded
the prayer he stood up quickly and went to one of his rooms, stepping over the
shoulders of the worshipers. His haste made people curious. When he returned he
realized that his followers were wondering what had called him away so
urgently, so he told them, 'I remembered that I had a piece of silver (or gold)
left and this disturbed me, but now I have arranged for its
distribution.'"
He also said, "I feel uncomfortable if a
gold dinar remains with me overnight, unless it is a dinar I have set aside to
repay a debt."
There were occasions when he was given dinars and
after their division a few were left over, when this was so he gave them to his
wives. Once the dinars had been distributed he would say, "Now I can
rest." When he passed away his armor was in pawn in order to provide food
for his family.
When it came to such things as clothing, housing
and welfare, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was content with just
what was necessary and went without. He wore whatever was at hand and dressed
himself in either a cloak, a coarse garment, or a thick outer garment. When he
was sent robes of brocade, or with embroidery he would give them to whosoever was
in his company or send them to others because pride and adornment are not among
the qualities of men of nobility and honor found in those close to Allah,
rather, they are amongst the qualities of women.
The most praiseworthy of garments are those that are
clean and are of medium quality. When one wears such clothes it does not
detract from manliness nor does it lead to drawing attention to oneself which
is by Islamic Law reproachable. The most common cause of ostentation is that of
flaunting an excess of clothing or wealth.
The same is said of pride in a luxurious or a
spacious home, or the acquisition of a lot of furnishings, servants or
livestock. However, if a person has land, cultivates and harvests it and then
restricts his consumption and gives away its produce that person has gained the
virtue of his property, and should show his thanks for it. It is indeed
praiseworthy to turn away from wealth, or be content with a little when none is
left after having spent it in the correct manner.
Section 8 - Praiseworthy qualities
Some praiseworthy qualities and noble manners
that are acquirable: the consensus of scholars is that the person who has them
is virtuous and even someone who has just one of them is highly respected. Some
of these qualities have been described as being part of the qualities of
Prophethood, but are more
commonly known
as being "of good character". A good character is comprised of
having a balanced attitude, and the qualities of
the self which is that of moderation not extremism.
The perfect
example of being well balanced is exemplified by the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, Allah praises him for this
quality saying, "Surely, you (Prophet Muhammad) are of a great
morality." 68:4
Lady Ayesha, wife of the Prophet, Mother of
Believers, may Allah be pleased with her, described him saying, "His
character was that of the Koran, He was pleased by that which it finds pleasing
and angered by that which it finds hateful."
The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon us, informs us "I was sent to perfect the
code of finest ethics."
Anas observed
and described him saying, "Of all people, the Messenger of Allah
had the best character."
The scholars of Islam concur that these noble
qualities were within him from the instant of his creation. He neither acquired
nor learned them, rather he received them through the generosity of His Lord as
a special gift.
Similar qualities are found Jesus, Moses, John
and Solomon and all the other prophets of Allah. When one reflects upon their
life from the time of their childhood and continuing throughout their
Prophethood they are easily recognizable. These qualities were inherent within
them and when they were created they were given both knowledge and wisdom.
Allah speaks of Prophet John saying, "O
John, hold fast to the Book' and We bestowed on him judgment while yet a
child." 19:12. Scholars of Islam tell us that
when Prophet John was a child Allah gave him
knowledge of His Book. Mamar tells us that when John was only two or three
years old the children asked him why he didn't play with them, he politely
replied, "Was I created for playing games?"
Allah also says to Prophet Zachariah, "Allah
gives you glad tidings of John, who shall confirm a word from Allah."
3:39. When Prophet Jesus was three years old,
Prophet John bore witness that Jesus was the word
of Allah and His created spirit.
As Lady Mary was about to give birth Allah tells
us, "He (Jesus) called to her from below: 'Do not sorrow, look, your
Lord has provided a rivulet below you. '" 19:24. Scholars have said the
"he" refers to Prophet Jesus. Prophet Jesus spoke
when He was still in the cradle saying, "I
am the worshiper of Allah. Allah has given me the Book and made me a prophet.
" 19:30.
Allah says of
Prophet Solomon, "We made Solomon to understand it, and to both
(David and
Solomon) We gave judgement and knowledge. " 21:79. Solomon was
given judgment when he was still a child. Reflect
for a moment upon the well known stories of the woman who was about to be
stoned, and the story of the disputed infant - Prophet David concurred with his
judgement. At-Tabari said that
he was twelve years of age when he became king.
There is a similar story of Prophet Moses who, when he was an infant grabbed
the beard of pharaoh.
The scholars of Islam explained the words of
Allah "Before this We gave Abraham his virtue, for We knew him."21:51.
Allah guided him when he was young. Ata's son said that Allah chose him before
He created him. It is also said
that at the
time of Abraham's birth, Allah sent an angel to him with the command
to bear witness to Allah in his heart and to
remember Allah with his tongue. Prophet Abraham replied, "I have done
so." Note, he did not say "I will do so." This is the virtue
given to him.
It has been
reported that Prophet Abraham sought proof in the planet, the moon
and the sun when he was fifteen months old. Later
at the age of sixteen Allah tested his faith as he was cast into the fire by
the unbelievers. And that his son Prophet Ishmael was tested by his willingness
to be sacrificed when he was seven years old and praise be to Allah (Al
Hamdulillah), he, despite his young age was strong in faith.
It has been transmitted that when, as a child,
Prophet Joseph was cast into the well by his brothers Allah revealed to him, "You
shall tell them of what they did when they are not aware (it is you).
12:15.
The preceding are but a few examples, there are
many others.
Lady Amina, peace be upon her, daughter of Wahb,
mother of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said that when she gave
birth to him he spread his tiny hands out to the earth and lifted is head
heavenwards.
The Prophet,
himself, praise and peace be upon him, tells us, "As I was growing
up Allah made
idols and poetry loathsome to me. I was not tempted by any of the
practices of
the 'Time of Ignorance' except on two occasions and Allah protected
me from both, and I was never tempted by them
again."
All the prophets had complete mastery over their
affairs and the blessings of Allah encompassed them and the light of faith
shone within their hearts enabling
them to achieve their goal. They were able to
achieve their goal because Allah had chosen them to be His prophets and endowed
them with noble qualities, none of which were attained through either learning
or discipline. Allah says, "And when he was full grown, and reached the
perfection of his strength, We gave him judgment and knowledge."
28:14.
There are people who have been created with some
of these qualities, but not all of them. A person may be born with some of them
and by the Favor of Allah it is made easy for him to complete them. No doubt
you have seen
children gifted by Allah with excellent manners,
cleverness, honesty, truthfulness or generosity, and then there are others who
have the reverse.
It is understood that people can acquire and
complete the qualities they lack. This achievement is acquired through
self-discipline, hard work and by balancing elements that need to be balanced.
There is a difference of opinion regarding the aforesaid. Each of us is eased
to that for which he has been created. The early generations of Muslims differ
whether or not the qualities of one's character are inherent or acquired. Al
Hasan Al Basri said, "In a worshiper
of Allah a good character is inherent and a
natural disposition."
The Companion, Saad Abi Waqqas' son reported that
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "The nature of a believer
can have every kind of imperfection except that of treachery and lying."
The Caliph,
Omar said, "Courage and cowardice are natural qualities which Allah
places wherever He wills."
Praiseworthy qualities and noble attributes are
numerous. However, it is our intention not to mention their basic principals
but indicate to them, and if Allah wills, we will verify and establish the fact
that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had all of these qualities.
Section 9 - The intellect of the Prophet
Knowledge in all its forms is rooted in
intellect. It is the source and nucleus from which knowledge and faith springs.
Intellect produces a sharp understanding, clear perception, precise
observation, sound opinion, awareness of what is best for one's self, striving
in self-denial, judgment, management, the attainment of virtues and avoidance
of vices.
In previous sections we have drawn the reader's
attention to indications of the Prophet's intellect and the tremendous depth of
his knowledge, knowledge of which no other human being had, has or will ever
possess and those who have taken the time to investigate his characteristics
recognize and verify that the majesty of his rank is perfected.
Reflect upon
his life, the wisdom of his sayings, his knowledge of the contents of
not only the
Torah but also the lost Gospel given to Prophet Jesus, the revealed
Books, the wisdom of the sages, truth between
falsehood, the history of bygone nations and their battles, his use of
colloquialism, the division of inheritance, lineage, and their like which, if
Allah wills, be made clear in the section illustrating his miracles. It is an
established fact that our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, could neither
read nor write and it wasn't until Allah expanded his chest, clarified his
affair, taught him and enabled him recite the Holy Koran, that he knew anything
of these matters. These virtuous intellectual qualities were neither attained
through tutored learning, instruction, or the reading of previous Holy Books.
His intellect caused him to be steadfast in the
matters Allah taught him, and he became knowledgeable of not only past, but
present and future events, and he became engrossed in the wonderment of the
power of Allah and the enormity of His Angelic Hosts.
Allah says, "Allah has sent down to you
the Book and the Wisdom and He has taught you what you did not know. The Bounty
of Allah to you is ever great. " 4:113. When intellectuals attempt to
assess the overflowing favors of Allah to him
they fall into the state of bewilderment.
Section 10 - The clemency, forbearance, patience,
forgiveness and pardoning status of the Prophet
Amongst the multiple excellent manners of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, are clemency, forbearance, patience and
forgiveness when it was expected that he might punish, and his patience during
times of hardship.
Clemency is the condition of dignity and
constancy during provocation.
Forbearance means being able to restrain oneself
and enduring pain and injury. Patience has a similar meaning.
Forgiving means declining to hold something
against his violation.
Allah says, "Accept the easing, order
with fine jurisprudence, and avoid the ignorant." 7:199. When this
verse was revealed to the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, he asked the Archangel Gabriel to
expanded upon its meaning.
Gabriel
replied, "Wait until I ask the One who knows." Upon his return he
said, "O
Muhammad,
Allah orders you to bond yourself with those who sever themselves
from you and to give to those who refuse to give
to you, and pardon those who are unjust to you."
Allah also
conveyed to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, the saying of
Lokman to his son, "And bear patiently
with whatever may fall upon you, indeed that is true constancy. "
32:17. And, "Let them pardon and forgive. " 24:22.
Also, he
who bears patiently and forgives - indeed that is true constancy. " 42:43.
Even the most clement amongst mankind has been
known to lapse at one time or another. However, our Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, was not subject to lapse, in fact it was the reverse, his
forbearance in times of adversity, even when intense, became more distinct, and
when those who opposed him tried their best to harm him in one way or another
it only served to increase his forbearance.
Lady Ayesha, wife of the Prophet, Mother of
Believers, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Whenever the Messenger of
Allah was given an option between two matters he always chose the easier of the
two as long as it was not sinful. If it
was sinful then he was the furthest of people
from it. For himself he never took revenge, but if the honor of Allah had been
violated he would take revenge for His sake."
During the Battle of Uhud the Prophet's tooth was
broken and he sustained an injury to his face. It was almost unbearable for the
Companions to see him in such condition and they said, "If only you would
supplicate for a curse against them!" But the reply of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, was, "I have
not been sent to curse, rather I was sent as an
inviter (to Allah) and as a mercy. O Allah guide my nation because they do not
know." Upon seeing the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, bleeding,
Omar said, "May my father and mother
be your ransom! O Messenger of Allah, Noah
supplicated against his nation when he said, "My Lord, do not leave a
single unbeliever upon the earth." 71:26.
If you had supplicated such a curse against us we
would all have been destroyed. Your back has been trodden on, your face
blooded, your tooth broken, yet you refuse to say anything except good. You
said, 'O Allah guide my
nation because they do not know.'"
Dear reader, observe the perfection of his
graciousness, the virtuous rank (the internal and external perfection), the
excellence of his character, his generosity, absolute patience and forbearance
in his saying. Our Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, did not remain silent
regarding them, instead he pardoned, showed compassion and mercy towards them,
then interceded for them with a supplication. He said, 'guide' then apologized
for their ignorance with
the words, 'indeed, they do not know.'
On another occasion a man accused the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, with unfairness and said, "Be fair, this is
a division by which the Face of Allah is not desired!" It was indeed a
provoking statement but the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, just drew his attention in
a polite manner by admonishing him and reminding him, by saying, "Who will
be fair if I am not fair?
Indeed, I would fail and be lost if I did not act
fairly." One of the Companions was outraged by the man's accusation and
was about to strike him, but the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
intervened and stopped him.
Ghawrath, Harith's son and others were discussing
a raid on Dhatur Rika where they planned to assassinate the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be
upon him. When they came across him they found
him sitting under a tree. He did not prevent them from drawing near and as
Ghawrath stood over him with a drawn sword in his hand he said, "Who will
protect you from me!" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied,
"Allah" whereupon the sword fell from his
hand and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, took hold of it and said, "Who will protect you from me?"
Ghawrath replied, "Punish me in the best manner" whereupon the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, arose and left him. When Ghawrath
returned to his tribe he exclaimed, "I have come to you from the best of
people!"
After the
victory at Khybar, a Jewess poisoned the meat she had prepared for the
Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him. The meat spoke to him telling him that it
had been poisoned and the woman confessed. Rather
than punishing her he pardoned her.
Another Jew proficient in the art of magic named
of Labid Al Azam was approached by a fellow Jew to concoct a spell of deadly
proportion to kill the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. However, the
angels informed him of his
action and the cure was revealed to him. When he
regained his strength, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, neither
reprimanded nor punished Labid.
Abdullah, Ubayy's son was amongst the hypocrites
of Medina and despite the seriousness of his and their actions, coupled with
the detrimental things they said
against the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, he took no action against them even when an outraged Companion suggested
that one of their number should be put to death, he turned to him and said,
"No, do not let it be said that Muhammad kills his companions."
Anas recalled an incident as he traveled with the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was wearing a thick cloak when a Bedouin rode up to him and pulled his
cloak so violently that it left a
mark on the
side of his neck. The Bedouin demanded, "Muhammad, let me load
my two camels with the property of Allah you have
in your possession. You will not let me load up with either your property or
your fathers!" The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, remained silent for a
while then said, "This is the property of Allah and I am His
worshiper." He continued, "Shall I retaliate for your
actions Bedouin?" The Bedouin replied,
"No." Whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked
"Why not?" The Bedouin replied, "Because you do not repay a bad
action with a bad action!" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
laughed and ordered one camel to be loaded with barley and the other with
dates.
Lady Ayesha, said, "I never saw the
Messenger of Allah take revenge for an injustice inflicted upon him as long as
it was not one of the orders of Allah which
must be complied with. His hand never struck
anyone unless it was during the course of a Holy War in the Name of Allah, and
he never hit a servant or a woman."
There was the time when a man was brought before
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and he was informed, "This man wanted
to kill you!" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, 'Do not
fear, do not fear! Even though you wanted to do that, you would not have been
given the power over me."
Before the conversion of Zaid, Sana's son, who
was a Jew, Zaid went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and demanded
the repayment of a debt.
As he did he tugged at the Prophet's robe and
pulled it from his shoulder, then seized him and proceeded to behave in an
uncouth manner saying, "Children of
Abdul Mutalib
you are delaying!" Omar got up and chased him away and in doing
so spoke
harshly to him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, smiled and
said,
"Omar, both he and I need something from you. Order me to repay well and
order him to
ask for his debt well." Then he said, "I still owe him three."
Dutifully,
Omar ordered that Zaid be repaid and added to it
twenty more on account of frightening him. Zaid converted to Islam saying,
"Amongst the signs of his Prophethood were two that I had yet to see in
him, they were forgiveness when he encountered quick-temperedness and extreme
ignorance and this only
increased him in clemency. I tested him in both
and found both in him as he is described in the Torah."
There are numerous Prophetic sayings that portray
his forbearance, and these are but a sampling. If you wish to learn more about
these noble virtues you will find them in authentic references of the prophetic
sayings together with multiple chains of transmitters. All narrate how he
patiently handled the harshness, hardships and injury meted out to him during
the era known as the "Time of Ignorance" by the Koraysh and
thereafter Allah gave him power over them by causing him to be victorious. The
Koraysh persisted even though they realized they were subject to being overcome
and their hierarchy put to death. However the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, continuously pardoned and overlooked their actions and asked them,
"What do you say I have done to you?" Their reply was, "Good, a
generous brother and a generous nephew." Whereupon he replied with Prophet
Joseph's saying to his erring brothers, "'Let no reproach be on you this
day.' Go you are free."
Anas tells us "At the Dawn Prayer eight men
from Tanim came intent on killing the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him. They were seized but the Messenger of Allah set them free. Allah sent
down the verse "It was He who restrained their hands from you..."
48:24.
Abu Sufyan and his companions were responsible
for the martyring of the Prophet's uncle and many of his Companions. Despite
the great loss and hurt, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, forgave him
and treated him gently saying, "Isn't it about time you knew that there is
no god except Allah?" Abu Sufyan replied, "May my father and mother
be your ransom! How forbearing and
generous you are in maintaining the ties of
kinship!"
It is a fact that he was the slowest of all
people to anger and the easiest to please.
Section 11 - The generosity and openhandedness of the Prophet
Generosity, benevolence, nobility and elite
bountifulness each have a deeper meaning than at first glance and may be
divided into many branches. For example, scholars say that benevolence is to
gladly spend upon important and useful matters, it is also referred to as being
courage and nobility. Nobility is spending freely thereby avoiding acquisition
which is not a quality worthy of praise, spending freely is the opposite of
miserliness. Bountifulness is to gladly release the repayment of a debt and is
the opposite of ill-nature.
Each of these
noble qualities were apparent in the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, and
there has never been, nor will be, anyone of equal characteristics.
No one who ever met him described him as being
otherwise.
Jabir
Abdullah's son tells us that when the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, was asked for anything he never
refused.
When it came to giving gifts Anas's son tells us
that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was the most generous, and he
was even more generous during Ramadan. When Gabriel came to him, he was more
generous than even the wind which is sent.
Anas related the story about a man who went to
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and asked him to give him something.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave him the herds of sheep grazing
between two mountains. Upon his return to his tribe he declared, "Become a
Muslim! Muhammad gives the gift of a man who does not fear poverty!"
It is known that he gave a hundred camels to many
people. To Safwan he first gave a hundred then two hundred more. This generous
characteristic was well known even before he was entrusted to deliver the
Message. Waraka, Nawfal's son told him, "You bear all and accomplish what
others are denied."
Upon the defeat of the tribe of Hawazim, rather
than keeping the six hundred captives he returned them all to their tribe.
Abbas was given so much gold that he could not carry it. Then there was the
time when 90,000 dirhams were brought
to him
whereupon he placed them on a mat, and distributed all. He never turned
down the request of anyone until there was none
left to give away.
Another time a man came to him and asked to give
him something. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had nothing to give
but rather than let the man return empty handed he said, "I do not have
anything, but buy something on my account and I will pay for it when I get some
money." Omar was present and said, "Allah has not commanded you to do
what you are unable to do." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
not predisposed to the remark, whereupon a man from the Ansar said, "O
Messenger of Allah, spend! Do not fear decrease from the Owner of the
Throne!" Upon hearing this, the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, smiled and his pleasure could be seen on his
face. Then he said, "This is what I am commanded."
Muawwidh Afra's son brought the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, a plate of fresh dates and cucumber, and the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, gave him a handful of gold and jewelry.
Anas tells us that the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, never kept anything of wealth for the following day.
Abu Hurayrah narrates the occasion when a man
came to visit the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to ask about a certain
matter. The Messenger
of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, had borrowed
half a local weight of measure (wasq) from him and the man had come to be
repaid, however the Prophet gave him extra and said, "Half is for the
repayment and the other half is a gift."
There many
reports similar to these that depict his generosity and bountifulness.
Section 12 - The courage and bravery of the Prophet
Courage and bravery are two more virtues apparent
in the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Courage is a virtue, a component
of which is doing the
right
thing without fearing the consequences being
controlled by one's intellect and wisdom. Bravery is a praiseworthy virtue and
overcomes fear of harm to one's self. An example is when one engages in combat
despite the odds being against oneself.
There were many occasions when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, encountered perilous situations however he never
faltered and remained steadfast despite the circumstances even when the most
courageous and heroic
of his Companions retreated. Once he had decided
to advance he was never seen to either retreat or waver, there has never in the
history of mankind been
a person so brave.
The encounter
at Hunain was one of the fiercest battles, and one in which the yet
to be converted tribesmen of Mecca joined forces
with the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to defend their City. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, told his followers if they remained
steadfast victory would be theirs. However, the enemy took the army of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, by surprise and chaos reined as those of
the Koraysh who were yet to believe took flight and caused panic. When asked
about the battle Al Bara replied, "The Messenger of Allah did not flee, I
saw him riding his white mule with
Abu Sufyan holding its reins, and he said, 'I am
the Prophet, this is no lie.'" Al Abbas was heard to say, "When the
Muslims and the unbelievers met, the Muslims turned in retreat. I tried to hold
his mule back, not wanting it rush whilst Abu Sufyan walked briskly by his
saddle as the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, called out, 'O
Muslims!'" Others observed there was none fiercer
than
he on that day.
Ali said,
"We were concerned for the Messenger of Allah when there were fierce,
dangerous
encounters, and fear was intense. However, there was no one closer
to the enemy than he. I was near him and saw him
on the Day of Badr, and he was at the forefront against the enemy. He was the
bravest of all on that day."
It has been
said that just by the virtue of the fact that a Companion was near the
Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, when they encountered the enemy, that
person was blessed with the virtue of being
brave.
Ubayy, Khalaf's son had been taken captive at the
Battle of Badr and then ransomed and was bent on taking his revenge against the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. In his hatred he threatened the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, saying, "I have a horse and each day I feed
it several measures of
wheat. I will kill you, if I am riding him!"
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "If Allah wills, I
will kill you." Sometime after, during the Battle of Uhud the occasion
presented itself and Ubayy cried out, "Where is
Muhammad?
May I not survive if he survives!" When
Ubayy spotted the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, he galloped towards
him and some Muslims tried to prevent
him from reaching the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, but the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Leave
him" and took hold of Al Harith's spear and shook it in such a manner that
those around him dispersed in the same way as flies fly off the back of a camel
when it shakes itself. Then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, just
scratched Ubayy's neck with the point of the spear and he lost his balance and
fell from his horse. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, took no further
action and Ubay remounted and returned to his camp crying out, "Muhammad
has killed me!" Those who attended him back at the camp replied,
"There is nothing wrong with you!" He replied, "Anyone would be
killed by that which I have received! Didn't he say, 'I will kill you?' By
Allah, even if he had spat at me, his spittle would have killed me." Ubayy
died shortly after on his return to Mecca at a place called Sarif.
Many of the
Companions attested to the greatness of his courageous and brave
virtues.
Section 13 - The modesty of the Prophet and lowering of his gaze
The modesty of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is unparalleled and
is yet another of his excellent virtues. Modesty
is that which causes a person to turn his face away from a matter when
something dislikeable occurs, or to leave something alone when it is best left
undone. Lowering of one's gaze is to restrain
one's eyes from something one finds disagreeable
or has the element of temptation.
Commenting upon the shyness of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, Abu Sayeid Al Khudri said, "The Messenger of
Allah was more modest than a cloistered virgin. When he disliked something, it
was easily discernable upon him face."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
extremely sensitive, his modesty and generosity prevented him from saying or
thinking of anything that a person would dislike to hear.
Lady Ayesha, Mother of Believers, may Allah be
pleased with her said, "When the Prophet heard something he disliked about
someone, he would not say, 'What do you think about so-and-so doing or saying
this?' Rather he would say, 'What do you think about a people who do such a
thing or say this?' so he could forbid it without mentioning the name of the
person who had done it."
Anas tells us
of the occasion when a man went to the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, with traces of saffron on him.
However, he did not say anything to him because it was not his habit to
confront anyone with something he disliked. When the man left, the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, asked one of his Companions to either ask him to
wash if off or remove it.
Lady Ayesha also tells us that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was not vulgar neither did he use obscene
language. In the market place he neither shouted nor repaid evil with evil, and
that his disposition was to forgive and overlook.
The son of Salaam and Abdullah, Abbas' son who
were both knowledgeable of the Torah and commented that the Torah mentions
these qualities would be found in the awaited Prophet.
Another facet of his modesty is that he would
never stare directly at someone's face. When someone was persistent he
addressed them in an affectionate, respectful way with the familiar expression
"father or mother of so-and-so."
Section 14 - The goodness of the Prophet's
companionship, his manners and nature.
One finds
multiple reports of the good companionship of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, his excellent manners and
cheerfulness to all peoples. Ali described him as being the most generous and
truthful of people as well as being
the most lenient.
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, went to visit the family of Kays, who was the son of Saad. When it was
time for him to leave the father of
Saad brought him a donkey with a saddle-cloth
whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him mounted. Then the father of
Saad said to Kays, "Accompany the Messenger of Allah." So the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, invited Kays to ride with him saying
"Ride in front of me, the owner is more entitled to be in front."
With respect, Kays politely declined and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, departed.
It was
customary for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to draw people
to him, he never drove them away. When people
embraced Islam he honored their hierarchy by letting them retain their previous
position over their fellow tribesmen. Although he was always cheerful and well
mannered with people he was cautious and careful.
He paid particular attention to his Companions
and spared time for them and whosoever of them was in his company thought that
none had been more honored than he.
Whenever someone either came to him, sat down
with him or asked for something he was always patient, and was never the first
to take his leave of their company. His nature was to give those who asked or
say a kind word to them. He was like a father to them and his fine nature
embraced all.
Abi Hala's son described him as always cheerful
with an easy disposition. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was gentle
rather than off-handed. He was never rude nor did he raise his voice. He was
neither obscene nor did he find fault, and he did not over compliment. He left
food that he did not want and never complained about it.
Allah says, "It was by that Mercy of
Allah that you dealt so leniently with them. Had you been harsh and
hard-hearted, they would have surely deserted you." 3:159 and, "Good
and evil deeds are not equal. Repel with that which is most just
and see, the
one whom there is enmity between you will be as if he were a loyal
guide." 41:34
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, never
refused and invitation and accepted a gift even it if was as little as a
sheep's foot, and he would in return reward its giver with more and supplicate
for him.
Anas served the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, for ten years and during that time he never said
"Huh" to him nor did he ask, "Why did you do it?" or,
"Why didn't you do it?"
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, spoke
of the Prophet's character saying, "No one had a better character than the
Messenger of Allah. Whenever a
Companion or a member of his household called
him, he replied, 'Indeed, with pleasure.'"
Jabir Abdullah's son said of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, "Ever since I became a Muslim, the Messenger of
Allah never distanced himself from me and whenever he saw me he would
smile."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, would
mix and joke with his Companions and play with their children. He allowed them
to enter and sit in his room and accepted the invitation of a free person,
those in servitude and the very poor. He would visit the sick even those on the
outskirts of the City and accept the excuse of anyone who offered an excuse.
Whenever someone spoke in the ear of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, he would never move his head away until the person
moved his, and when anyone shook his hand, he was never the first to let go. He
never placed his feet
in the face of anyone thereby complying with the
etiquette of the desert Arabs. When he met someone he was always the first to
greet them, likewise he shook the hands of his Companions first. He never
stretched his legs so that his Companions felt cramped. Whenever someone
visited him the visitor was treated with honor. Many were the times he would
spread out his robe or offer the cushion he was sitting on to someone, and, if
the person declined, he would insist upon his visitor to accept the invitation.
It was his nature to prefer the needs of others to that of his own. To his
Companions he gave endearing names, and honored them by calling them by the
best of their names. As for his conversation he never cut a person short, and
it was only when that person had finished speaking that he would get up. It has
been reported that if someone should happen to come to him while he was praying
a voluntary prayer - in which his habit was to enlong the recitation of the
Koran - he would shorten his recitation and inquire as to their need,
thereafter he would return to his prayer.
He smiled a lot and was very cheerful, except
when verses of the Koran were being revealed, or when he was warning, or giving
a sermon.
Anas tells us that the water bearers of Medina,
seeking blessings, would bring their water containers to the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
in the morning and he would dip his hand in the
containers even when the weather was cold.
Section 15 - The Prophet being sent as a mercy,
his gentleness and compassion
Allah says, "Indeed, there has come to
you a Messenger from your own, he grieves for your suffering, and is anxious
about you, and is gentle, merciful to the believers."9:128 and speaks
of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, saying, "We have not
sent you except as a mercy to all the worlds. " 21:107.
His gentle disposition, concern and mercy
encompassed every sector of creation. Part of his excellence is that Allah
adorned him with two of His Names when He said, "and is gentle,
merciful."
Shehab's son reported that after Hunain, the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, gifted Safwan, Umayyah's son
one hundred camels to which he added a further hundred. He also reported that
Safwan, who had hated the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, more than
anyone else was given so much by the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
that his heart turned to him and he swore by Allah that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, had become more beloved to him than anyone else.
Abu Hurayrah tells us of the occasion when a
Bedouin went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and asked him to
give him something and was given a gift. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, asked, "Have I been good to you?" The Bedouin was ungratefully
dissatisfied and replied, "No, you have not, you have not done
well!!" Upon hearing this impertinent remark the Companions became angry
and were about to rise up against him but the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, indicated that they should not do so and
went into his home to fetch another gift and gave
it to the Bedouin. He then inquired, "Have I been good to you?" The
Bedouin replied, "Yes, may Allah repay
you and your family well." In a gentle
manner the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told him, "What you said
made my Companions angry, if you like, repeat what you have just said to them
so that what they harbor in their chest against you will be removed." They
returned to the Companions and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"This Bedouin said what he said and then we gave him more and claims to be
content." Then he turned to the Bedouin and
asked, "Isn't this so?" The Bedouin
replied, "Yes, may Allah repay you well in your family and tribe."
Thereafter the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions,
"The example of that man and myself is like a man who has a she-camel that
bolts away from him, the people chase it but they only make it bolt still
further. The owner of the camel tells the people to leave him and his camel
alone and says to them, "I am more gentle and better to it than you."
Then he goes in front of it and takes some clods of earth and drives it back
until it comes and kneels, whereupon he saddles and mounts. If I had given you
leave when the man said what he said, you would have killed him and he would
have entered the Fire."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"None of you should report anything to me about my Companions. I do not
want to go out to you except with
an innocent heart."
Upon reflection one sees that amongst his
merciful way of dealing with his community was that he made things easy for
them. There were things that he disliked to do as he feared they might become
obligatory for them. For example, he said, "If I had not been merciful to
my nation, I would have ordered them to use a tooth brush (siwak) each time
they made ablution." What is meant by 'my nation' refers to everyone who
came after the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, up until the Last Day.
His mercy and concern for his nation is further
demonstrated in narrations that speak of the amount of time to be spent during
the night in prayer and the forbidding of continuous fasting. The reason he
disliked entering inside the room within the Ka'ba was the fear that it might
become obligatory upon his nation.
If he heard a child cry during the prayer, the
Prophet's tender loving care was evident. He would shorten his recitation and
reduce the prayer essentials to the minimum.
His tender mercy is seen when he supplicated to
Allah saying, "Should I ever curse a man, or supplicate against him, let
it be for him charity, mercy, supplication, purification, and a coming closer
by which he will come closer to You on the Day of Resurrection."
Even when his people rejected him, his mercy
prevailed. We recall the time when the Archangel Gabriel, peace be upon him,
came to him saying, "Allah has heard what your nation say and their
rejection of you. He has ordered the Angel of the Mountains to obey whatever
you tell them to do." Thereafter, the Angel of the Mountains called him
and greeted him saying, "Send me to do whatsoever you wish. If you wish I
will crush them between the two mountains of Mecca." In his tender, caring
mercy, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "No, rather it
is my hope that Allah will bring forth from their loins those who will worship
Allah alone and not associate anything with Him."
Lady Ayesha, Mother of Believers, may Allah be
pleased with her, confirmed that whenever the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was given the choice between two matters he always chose the easier of the
two.
Masood's son commented, "The Messenger of
Allah was careful when he warned us because he feared it might tire us."
There was an occasion when Lady Ayesha, peace be
upon her, rode an obstinate camel and started to slap it as is usual. When the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, saw her doing this he told
her, he spoke gently saying, "You must have mercy."
Section 16 - The integrity of the Prophet, his
honesty in contracts and uprightness in maintaining family ties
Al Hamza's son Abdullah, relates the occasion
when he made a sale to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, however, not
all of the goods were present at the time of sale so he promised go and fetch
it while the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, waited. However Abdullah
forgot, and three hours passed before he remembered whereupon he took the goods
to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Rather than being angry and
taking him to task, he simply said, "Young man, you were hard on me, I
have waited for you for three hours."
Anas tells us that a gift was given to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and he said, "Take it to
such-and-such a lady's house, she was a friend of Khadijah and loved her."
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, said,
"I was never jealous of any lady the way I was jealous of Khadijah when I
heard him mention her. When he sacrificed a sheep he would send some to her
friends and when her sister asked permission to enter he was happy to see
her." She also said, "A lady came to him and he welcomed her with
kindness and inquired about her at length. When she left he said, 'She used to
come to us when Khadijah was with us. Maintaining ties is part of belief."
A scholar of Islam described the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, saying, "It was his custom to maintain ties with
his kinsmen without preferring them over those who were their better."
Lady Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, the
Prophet's daughter, had a daughter named Umamah whom he used to carry on his
blessed shoulders. When he prostrated he would put her down, and when he stood
up he would pick her up.
When a delegation from the Negus of Abyssinia
visited the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Abu Katada tells us that he
got up to serve them. The Companions said, "Let us do it for you."
Whereupon he said, "They were generous and honored our Companions, and it
is my wish to do the same for them."
After the encounter at Hunain, when Shaymah - the
daughter of Halima, the foster mother and wet nurse of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, whom he had not seen for many years, was taken captive so
she went to him and made herself known. He immediately spread out his cloak for
her to sit on and kindly offered choices saying, "If you would like, you
can stay with me in honor and compassion, or I will give you supplies and you
can return to your tribesmen." Shaymah chose to accept the supplies and
her tribesmen.
We find on another occasion when the Prophet's
foster parents, and brother visited him, Amr son of As Saib said that he would
spread out his garment for them to sit on.
After the Archangel Gabriel brought Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, the first Revelation, he was shaken and
returned to his wife Lady Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her. She
immediately comforted him and attested to the uprightness of his character
saying, "By Allah, be happy. Allah will never cause you to grieve. You
preserve the ties of kinship, you help those in need, you are hospitable to
guests, and assist people to receive what is due to them"
Section 17 - The humility of the Prophet
Although Allah raised the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, to the highest rank and position he remained extremely
humble; no trace of pride was ever observed in him.
We recall the event when he was offered a choice
between being a king- prophet or a worshipper-prophet and he chose the latter.
Having made his choice the Angel Israfil told him, "Allah has been
generous to you on account of your humility toward Him. On the Day of
Resurrection you will be the master of the children of Adam, and the first for
whom the earth will open and the first to intercede."
His humility is further demonstrated as the
father of Umamah tells us, "The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, came out to us leaning on his walking stick, and we got up for him
but he in all humility said, 'Do not get up as it is the way of the Persians to
show their regard for one another."
Of himself, he said, "I am a servant. I eat
as a servant eats and I sit as a servant sits."
He was never too proud to visit and sit with the
poorest of people and never declined an invitation of a servant. He would sit
with his Companions and mingle with them and was not choosey where he sat. As
for riding, he would ride a donkey and share the ride with another who would
mount behind him.
He disliked excessive praise for himself and Omar
tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Do not
lavish praise on me (by associating me in a trinity) as the Christians do on
the son of Mary. I am a worshiper, so say the worshiper of Allah and His
Messenger."
He never shunned people and Anas relates the
story of a woman, whose mental capacity was below normal, met him and said,
"I need something from you." Rather than turning her away he told her
"Come, sit down, mother of so- and-so, I will sit with you in any of the
roads in Medina until you get what you need." Anas went on to say that it
was only after the woman sat down that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, sat and he stayed with her until her need was met.
Anas further sheds light on the humility of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and recorded that during the conflict
with the children of Koraysh he rode a donkey with a saddle-cloth tied with a
rope made from palm-fiber. Even when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
was invited to eat bread made from coarse barley and rancid butter he never
declined the invitation. He further tells us that after the Opening of Mecca,
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, went on pilgrimage riding a mount
with a well worn saddle over which was placed a worn cloth that could only have
been worth four dirhams. And he supplicated saying, "O Allah, make it an
accepted pilgrimage without ostentation or desire of earning a
reputation." During this pilgrimage he sacrificed one hundred camels to
feed everyone in the City.
His humility is highlighted again upon the
opening of Mecca when he entered the City with his band of followers. Rather
than making a triumphant entry he rode humbled to Allah, bowing his head so low
that it very nearly touched the saddle.
Among the many signs of his humility is that he
said, "Do not prefer me over Prophet Jonah, Matta's son, neither generate
rivalry between the prophets, nor prefer me over Moses.... Had I remained in
prison like Joseph, I would have answered the summons." Someone once said
to him, "O best of creation!" in humility he replied (as Allah raised
Prophet Muhammad in rank above all the prophets) "That was Abraham".
The greatness of his rank will become evident to the masses and their prophets
on the Day of Resurrection when there is a dire need for the unparalleled
intercession granted alone to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
by Allah.
The Prophet's granddaughter, Lady Ayesha who was
the daughter of Al Hasan, Imam Ali's son as well as others said that he would
do the housework like the other members of his family, rid his clothes from
barbs, repair his sandals, serve himself, sweep the floors and hobble a camel.
They also said that he would take his camels out to graze and eat with those in
servitude and kneed bread with them. When he went to the market he would carry
his own goods.
Anas tells us that a female who served in his
household could take hold of his hand and take him wherever she wished to go
until she achieved her need.
A man came to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, and when he saw him began to tremble on account of timidity, but the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, put him at ease straight away saying,
"Be calm, I am not a king, I am the son of a woman from the Koraysh who
eats dried meat."
On another occasion, the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and Abu Hurayrah went to the market where he purchased a
loin cloth. He told the merchant, "Weigh and then add some more." The
man jumped up to kiss the hand of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
but he immediately pulled his hand back saying, "This is what the Persians
do with their kings. I am not a king, I am one of your men." Then he took
his loin cloth and carried it saying, "The owner is more entitled to carry
his property.
Section 17 - The justice of the Prophet, his
trustworthiness, decency and truthfulness
Of all people, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, was by far the most trustworthy, just, well-mannered and truthful.
Even his opponents and enemies never denied these qualities. Before he was
called to the Prophethood he was called by all "The trustworthy".
Isaac's son said explained, "He was called, 'the trustworthy' on account
of the favor of Allah to him that granted him a concentration of all the
indisputable qualities of goodness."
The consensus of the majority of Islamic scholars
is that the verse "Obeyed and honest" 81:21 refers to Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
When it came to placing the Black Stone during
the rebuilding of Ka'ba each of the chieftains of the Koraysh wanted the honor
of being the one to place the Stone and a heated argument which was to continue
for several days erupted. To resolve the dispute they all agreed that the first
man to enter the precincts of Ka'ba would be the adjudicator. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was the first to enter and they said, "This
is Muhammad, the trustworthy. We are satisfied with him", and the dispute
was amicably settled.
Ar Rabi, Khuthaym's son informs us that when
there was a dispute between two parties in the "Time of Ignorance"
(pre-Islamic days) and the Messenger of Allah was called upon to gave a
judgment, none debated the judgment.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, informs
us, "By Allah, I am the one who is trustworthy in the heavens and the one
who is trustworthy in the earth."
Even Abu Jahl, whose hatred of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, is well documented said to him "We do not
call you a liar, rather, we say what you have brought is a lie."
Thereafter Allah sent down the verse, "We know what they say saddens
you. It is not you that they belie; but the harm-doers deny the verses or
Allah." 6:33. It is also reported that Abu Jahl said, "We do not
call you a liar and you are not a person among us who is termed a liar."
At the Battle of Badr Al Akhnas, Surayk's son met
Abul Hakkam, (better known as Abu Jahl), and asked him "Abul Hakkam, there
is no one here to overhear us, tell me about Muhammad. Is he truthful, or is he
a liar?" Abu Jahl replied, "By Allah, Muhammad is a truthful person,
and never lies."
When Heraclius, the Emperor of Rome examined Abu
Sufyan, who had yet to embrace Islam, about the veracity of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, he asked, "Did you ever suspect him of being a liar
before he said what he says?" Abu Sufyan replied, "No."
One day An Nadr, son of Al Harith said to the
Korayshi tribesmen, "When Muhammad was young amongst you he was the most
pleasing, truthful and trustworthy of you all, now he has white hairs around
his temples and has brought you what he has brought, you say, 'A magician'. No,
By Allah, he is not a magician!"
When it came to women, Lady Ayesha, may Allah be
pleased with her, tells us that he never touched a woman over whom he did not
have rights.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
told his Companions, "Woe to you, who will be just if I am not just? If I
am not just I will lose and be disappointed."
The exemplary manner in which one should divide one's
day is found in the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. He divided it into
three parts; a third for Allah, a third for his family, and a third for
himself. With regard to the third for himself he would split it between his
followers and himself. Those who were closer to him were asked to help those
who were not so close, and he asked them to convey the needs of persons
incapable of conveying their need and told them, "If someone conveys the
need of someone who is unable to do so, Allah will give him security on the Day
of the Greatest Terror."
Imam Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said
that he heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, say, "There were
only two occasions when I was close to anything that was done by the people
during the 'Time of Ignorance' and on both occasions Allah prevented me. I have
never considered doing anything evil ever since Allah honored me with His
Message. One night I asked a serving boy who was my fellow herdsman, to watch
the sheep for me while I went to Mecca to spend a night. When I came to the
first house in Mecca, I heard the playing of flutes and drums in celebration of
someone's marriage and sat down to watch. Suddenly, I was overcome by sleep and
only woke up after the sun had risen and returned without having participated.
The same thing happened another time, and since then I have never considered
any evil."
Section 18 - The dignified composure of the
Prophet, his silence, contemplation, natural refinement and excellent
disposition
Kharija, Zaid's son was present at several
gatherings in which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, attended and
observed that he was the most dignified and composed of all people and hardly
ever moved his limbs. Another observed that during such gatherings he was patient,
modest, and caring. The Companions did not raise their voices before him, nor
show disrespect. When he spoke his Companions bowed their heads in silence,
just as if there were birds perched upon them.
Another Companion named Abu Sayeid Al Khudri also
observed the posture of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, during
meetings. He tells us that on most occasions he would sit with his hands
clasped around his legs which were pulled up to his stomach.
As for the speech of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, he avoided people who were crude and vulgar, and was more often
silent, only speaking when necessary but when he did so he was easily
understood. There are many reports about the way in which he would address
those in his presence and is well known to have conducted himself in the most
excellent manner. His speech was eloquent and flowed yet simple for the
ordinary person to understand. When he was silent it was on account of four
matters, patience, caution, evaluation or reflection. When asked about the
speech of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Lady Ayesha, may Allah be
pleased with her, tells us that when he spoke he would say it in such a way
that a person could count his words, if he so wished.
When the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, laughed it was as a smile and
when his Companions were in his company they too,
out of respect for him, would smile rather than laugh.
His gait was that of inclining forward, similar
to the way in which one walks when
going down a slope. It has also been reported
that as he walked he concentrated, his pace was moderate and he did not walk
hastily neither did he tarry.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, would
perfume himself and was known to love fragrant aromas and perfume. He used them
often and encouraged their use saying, "I have been made to love three
things in this world of yours - women, perfume, but the coolness of my eye is
in the prayer."
Section 20 - The refraining of the Prophet from worldly things
We have already mentioned many traditions
depicting the Prophet's simplified life style in previous sections and it
suffices to say that he was content with little, and turned away from worldly
attractions. On many occasions he was given the riches of the world, yet he did
not keep them, rather, he immediately gave them away, and when he died he owned
nothing except his armor which he had pawned to a Jew so that he might feed his
family. His supplication for his family was, "O Allah, make the provision
of the family of Muhammad nourishment with no excess." Lady Ayesha, may
Allah be pleased with her, confirmed, "The Messenger of Allah left neither
a single dirham nor dinar, nor a sheep nor a camel."
Al Harith's son, Amr said, "The Messenger of
Allah, left only his armor, his mule and some land which he had gifted as
charity."
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, tells
us that until the time the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
passed away he never had his fill of bread on three consecutive days. It has
also been reported "barley bread for two consecutive days. If he had
wished, Allah would have given him things that are unimaginable." And,
"The family of the Messenger of Allah never had their fill of bread until
he met Allah, the Mighty, the Majestic."
At the time of his death Lady Ayesha said,
"There was nothing in his house that a living creature could eat except
some barley on one of my shelves. He told me, 'I was offered the entire valley
of Mecca filled with gold but said: O Lord, I prefer to be hungry one day and
full one day. On the day I am hungry I will supplicate and invoke You. On the
day when I have eaten I will praise You."
She also tells us that the Prophet's stomach was
never full, yet he never complained to anyone. He preferred poverty to wealth and
even when he suffered from the pangs of hunger during the night, it would not
prevent him from fasting the following day. If he so wished he could have asked
his Lord for all the treasures and fruits of the earth, and a life of plenty.
She tells us that she would weep for him on account of the state in which she
saw him, and massage his stomach with her hand because of his hunger. She said
to him, "May I be your ransom! If you had but enough of this world to feed
you!" Whereupon he replied, "O Ayesha, what do I have to do with this
world? My brethren among the unyielding Messengers were patient and steadfast
when they faced worse than this. They passed away as they were and went on to
their Lord, how honored were they! Allah has been very generous in rewarding
them. I am too shy to enjoy a life of ease if it means that tomorrow I will
fall short in comparison to them. There is nothing I desire more than to be
joined to my brethren and close friends." The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, passed away within the month.
She also tells us, "Sometimes we, the family
of Muhammad, went for a month without lighting a fire. There was nothing except
dates and water."
Abbas' son, tells us that the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, and his family, would not find anything for their
evening meal on many consecutive nights.
We find another example of his abstinence in a
transmission in which we learn the Archangel Gabriel came to him and asked,
"Allah greets you and asks, would you like Me to give you this mountain in
gold to accompany you wherever you go?" Whereupon he bowed his head for an
hour and replied, "Gabriel, this world is the dwelling place of someone
who has no dwelling place and the property of someone who has no property. It
is accumulated by those without intellect." Then Gabriel said, "Allah
has made you steadfast, O Muhammad, confirming you with the firm word."
The dining habits of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, have been recorded by Anas who tells us that he neither ate
from a table nor plate, fine bread was not prepared for him neither was a
broiled sheep.
As for his bed, Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased
with her, tells us that it was a skin stuffed with palm fiber. Lady Hafsa, may
Allah be pleased with her, spoke of his bed in her room and said that it was
made from sacking folded twice, and said, "One night we doubled it four
times for him, and in the morning he asked, 'What kind of bed did you make for
me last night?' We told him and he said, 'Put it back the way it was, its
softness prevented me from praying during the night.' Sometimes he slept on a
bed of palm rope that left welts on his side."
Section 21 - The Prophet's fear of Allah, his
obedience and the intensity of his worshipping Allah
The Prophet's fear of Allah, his obedience to
Him, and the intensity of his worshipping Allah were rooted in his knowledge of
his Lord.
Abu Hurayrah tells us that the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, would say, "If you knew what I know
you would laugh but a little and weep a lot." Abu Dharr added further
information to this telling us that he said, "I see what you do not see
and hear what you do not. The heaven cries out and it cries out rightfully.
There is not a single place in it, the width of four fingers that does not
contain an angel whose forehead is prostrating to Allah. By Allah, if you know
what I know, you would laugh but a little and weep a lot, and you would not
have enjoyed women in your beds, rather you would have gone out to the
mountains crying to draw near to Allah. Would that I were a tree
standing!"
Several of the Companions including Abu Hurayrah
tell us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, would stand in prayer
so much that his feet became swollen. When he was asked why he burdened himself
in such a way when Allah had already given him the status of forgiveness for
past and future wrong actions he replied, "Shouldn't I be a grateful
worshiper?"
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her,
described the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, as being steadfast in
every thing he did and would ask his Companions, "Who amongst you can do
what I do?" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, would fast a lot
and Lady Ayesha, peace be upon her, tells us, "He would fast until we said,
'he will not stop fasting!"
One night Malik's son, Awf was present when the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, prepared himself to pray and observed
that before he made his ablution he used a tooth stick (siwak) and thereafter
stood in prayer and that he prayed alongside the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him. During his recitation of the chapter "The Cow" he would
stop and supplicate to Allah after he had recited a verse pertaining to mercy
and after he recited a verse pertaining to punishment he would stop and seek
refuge with Allah. His bowing was the length of his standing and he would say,
"Glory be to the Master of the worldly earth and the entire universe with
its angels, of Greatness and Might." Thereafter he prostrated and said
something similar. This was followed by the Chapter "The House of
Imran" and so on, chapter by chapter.
Lady Ayesha tells us that the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, would stand throughout the entire night reciting
a single verse of the Koran.
Ash Shankhir's son, Abdullah tells us that he
observed the Prophet's fear of Allah when he went to see the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, and found him praying. As he prayed he
heard sobbing coming from his chest and that its sound was similar to the boiling
of a large pot.
Abi Hala's son said the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, was always sorrowful and pensive, and never rested.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions that he asked Allah to forgive him one hundred times a day. In
another narration it is reported seventy times a day.
Imam Ali asked the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, about his path and he replied, "Faith is my capital. Intellect
is the basis of my religion. Love is my foundation. Yearning is my mount. The
remembrance of Allah is my endearing companion. Reliance is my treasure. Sorrow
is my companion. Knowledge is my armor. Patience is my cloak. Satisfaction is
my booty. Incapacity is my boast. Self-denial is my profession. Certainty is my
food. Truthfulness is my intercessor. Obedience is enough for me. Striving
against falsehood is my character and the coolness of my eye is in the
prayer."
He also said, "The fruits of my heart lie in
His remembrance. My sorrow is for the sake of my nation. My yearning is for my
Lord, the Mighty."
Section 22 - The qualities of the Prophets
Each and every prophet and messenger of Allah was
blessed with a perfect disposition. They were handsome and their lineage noble.
Their character was good as was their behavior. This is because they all
possess the attributes of perfection. They guided to the completed the code of
human spiritual behavior which was to be completed by Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, and practiced virtuous deeds on account of their rank
being of the most noble and their degree being of the highest.
Allah tells us that He preferred some of the
prophets and messengers over others with His words, "Of these
Messengers, We have preferred some above others. To some Allah spoke; and some
He raised in rank. We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear signs and strengthened
him with the Spirit of Purity (Gabriel)" 2:253. He also tells us, "and
We chose them, out of a knowledge above the nations (of their time)"
44:32.
Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, said, "The first group to enter the Garden of
Paradise will be like the full moon... every
man will be in
the height of their father Adam who was sixty
cubits (90 feet) tall."
The description of several of the prophets has
been made known to us by Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, who
tells us, "I saw Moses, he was tall with curly hair. He resembled the men
of Shanu'a. I saw Jesus, he was of medium height with a reddish face just as if
he had come out after having taken a hot bath." He further described him
as being slender, like a sword.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave
additional information about Moses saying, "He is like the best men you
have ever seen with a dark complexion."
Of himself the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "Among the descendants of Abraham, I am the one who most
resembles him."
Abu Hurayrah tells us, "After Prophet Lot,
Allah did not send a prophet who was not from the noblest class of his
people." In addition to this is that they were among the wealthy and
powerful.
Anas tells us that Allah did not send a prophet
without making his face and voice beautiful, and that Prophet Muhammad, may
Allah praise and venerate him and grant him peace, had the most handsome face
of all of them and also the best voice.
During the cross-examination of Abu Sufyan by
Heraclius, Emperor of Rome, Heraclius said, "I questioned you about his
lineage and you said that he was of good lineage among you, and that is how all
the Messengers have bee sent, from the noble families of their people."
There are many references to the prophets and
messengers who were preferred by Allah mentioned in the Holy Koran, some of
which are mentioned below:
Of Prophet Job, Allah says, "We found him
to be patient, a good worshiper and he was penitent."38:44
Of Prophet John, Allah says, "O John,
hold fast to the Book' and We bestowed upon him judgment while yet a child, and
tenderness from Us and purity, and he was cautious; honoring his parents, being
neither arrogant nor rebellious. Peace be upon him on the day he was born and
the day he dies, and on the day when he is raised up alive. " 19:12-15
He also tells us of the time Prophet Zachariah,
peace be upon him, was given the good news of a son, "Allah gives you
glad tidings of John, who shall confirm a Word from Allah. He shall be a master
and chaste, a Prophet and from the righteous." 3:39
Allah tells us, "Allah chose Adam and
Noah, the House of Abraham and the House of Imran above all worlds."
3:33-34
Of Prophet Noah He says, "He was a truly
thankful worshiper." 17:3
Of Prophet Jesus He says, "When the
angels said, O Mary, Allah gives you glad tidings of a Word (Be) from Him,
whose name is Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary. He shall be honored in this
world and in the Everlasting Life - and he shall be among those who are
close." 3:45
Allah quotes Prophet Jesus who said, "I
am the worshiper of Allah. Allah has given me the Book and made me a Prophet.
(He has made me) kind to my mother; He has not made me arrogant, unprosperous.
He made me to be blessed wherever I am, and He has charged me with prayer and
charity for as long as I shall live. " 19:29-31.
Allah warns, "Believers, do not be like
those who hurt Moses. " 33:69
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
tells us that Prophet Moses was a modest man who covered himself. No part of
his body was seen on account of his modesty.
Allah quotes Moses as saying, "But my
Lord has given me judgment and made me one of the Messengers." 26:21
Several of the prophets are mentioned by Allah in
the Koran as saying to their people, "I am for you an honest
Messenger." 26:107.
In reference to Abraham, Allah says, "We
gave him Isaac and Jacob and guided both, and We guided Noah before them, among
his descendants were David and Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron - as such,
We recompense the good-doers, and Zachariah, John, Jesus and Elias, each was of
the righteous, and Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah and Lot. Each We preferred above the
worlds as We did their fathers, their descendants, and their brothers. We chose
them and guided them to a Straight Path. Such is the guidance of Allah by it He
guides whom He will of His worshipers. Had they associated (others with Him),
their labors would have indeed been annulled. Those, We have given them the
Book, judgment, and Prophethood. If these disbelieve it, We have entrusted it
to others who do not disbelieve in it. Those were whom Allah guided. Follow
then their guidance and say, 'I do not ask you a wage for it. Surely, it is a
reminder to the worlds.'" 6:84-90.
In the following Koranic quotations Allah
describes the prophets and messengers as possessors of many fine qualities;
right action, chosen, judgment and prophecy.
Concerning Isaac, Allah tells us that the angels
said to Abraham, "'Have no fear', and gave him the glad tidings that he
was to have a knowledgeable son." 51:28. Concerning Ishmael, the first
son born to Abraham, Allah says, "And We ga ve him the glad tidings of
a very gentle son. " 37:101.
Allah says, "We tried Pharaoh's nation
before them. A noble Messenger came to them (saying), 'Be obedient to me O
worshipers of Allah, I am your honest Messenger.” 44:17-18
At the time when Abraham was about to fulfill his
sacrificial vision of his son, Ishmael told him, "Father, do as you are
ordered (by Allah). Allah willing, you shall find me one of those who are
steadfast." 37:102.
Of Ishmael, Allah says, "And mention in
the Book, Ishmael; he too was true to his promise, a Messenger and a
Prophet." 19:54.
Allah speaks of the devotion of Moses saying,
"He was devoted, a Messenger and a Prophet. " 19:51. Also, "He
(Moses) said: 'If Allah wills, you shall find me patient, I shall not disobey
your order. " 18:69
Allah tells us that Solomon was, "an
excellent worshiper, he was penitent." 38:30
Allah calls upon us to remember, ”Also,
remember Our worshipers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, those of might and vision.
Indeed, We purified them with a most pure quality, the remembrance of the
Everlasting Life. Indeed with Us they are among the chosen; the
excellent."38:45-47
Of David, He says, "Our worshiper David,
a man of might. He was ever turning in repentance." 38:17, and "We
made his kingdom strong and gave him wisdom and decisive speech. "
38:20.
Of Joseph, Allah says, "He (Joseph) said:
'Give me charge of the storehouses of the land, I am a knowledgeable
guardian." 12:55
Allah mentions the saying of Shu'aib, "Surely,
you will find me, if Allah wills, among the good." 28:27. And, "I
do not desire to go behind you, taking for myself that which I forbid you. I
seek but to reform as much as I can." 11:88.
Of Lot, Allah tells us, "To Lot, We gave
judgment and knowledge. " 21:74.
Of Zachariah and John, Allah tells us, "They
raced with each other in good works and called on Us out of yearning and awe,
and they were humble to Us. " 21:90.
Sufyan Ath-Thawri draws our attention to another
aspect of the characteristics and qualities found in the prophets, which is
their continuous sorrow, this is an indication of their perfection and there
are many prophetic quotations that endorsing this fact.
Prophet Muhammad, may Allah praise and venerate
him and grant him perfect peace, described the noble lineage of Prophet Joseph,
saying, "The noble son of a noble son, of a noble son of a noble man,
Joseph, son of Jacob, son of Isaac, son of Abraham the prophet, son of a
prophet, son of a prophet, son of a prophet."
He also said, "The eyes of the prophets
slept, but their hearts did not sleep."
Solomon, who was given a great kingdom, never
raised his eyes to the heavens because he was humble and feared Allah. As for
his diet, he would eat coarse bread made from barley but would serve others
with fine food. It was revealed to him, "O leader of worshipers and goal
of the abstinent." The story has reached us of how one day when he was
riding on the wind with his armies, when an elderly woman complained to him,
whereupon he commanded the wind to stop so he might attend to her need before he
continued on his way.
When Joseph was asked, "Why are you hungry
when you are in charge of the treasures of the earth?" He replied, "I
am fearful that I might become full and thereby forget those who are
hungry."
Abu Hurayrah heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "Recitation was made easy for him. He would order his
mount and turn it loose, and would finish his recitation before his mount
wandered off."
David ate only from the labor of his own hands
and would ask Allah to provide for him from the work of his own labor so that
he would not need to take anything from the treasury. Allah tells us, "And
We softened iron for him, (saying) 'Make large coats of mail and measure their
links well.'" 34:11
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
told his Companions, "The prayer Allah loves most is that of David,
and the fast Allah loves most is that of David. He would sleep for half of the
night, stand up for a third and sleep for a sixth. He would fast alternate
days. He wore wool and slept on hair. He ate barley bread mixed with salt and
ashes. His drink was mixed with tears after his error of inaccurate judgment in
which he had passed judgment before hearing from the second party. He was never
seen to laugh nor look upwards to the sky because of his shyness before his
Lord and he wept continuously until he died. It is said that he wept until
plants sprang up from his tears and until the tears formed a crease on his
cheeks, and that when he went out he would disguise himself to learn what people
thought of his justice, and upon hearing people praise him, he became more
humble."
Jesus was asked, "Why don't you ride a
donkey?" He replied, "I exalt Allah so much to be occupied with
tending to a donkey." His clothing was made from hair and he ate from the
trees. He did not have a house and would sleep wherever sleep overtook him. The
name he most liked to be called by was "the very poor".
One day he was heard greeting a pig with peace.
When he was asked why he had done so he replied, "I do not like that my
tongue should move with evil speech,"
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
spoke of the trials of previous prophets saying, "Some of the prophets
before me were tested with poverty and lice. They preferred those trials to
gifts."
Mujahid tells us that Prophet John's food was
that of herbs and he wept so much on account of his fear of Allah that
puffed-up folds formed on his cheeks. To secluded himself apart from people he
would eat in the company of wild animals.
Wahb, Munabbih's son tells that Moses sought
shelter in a hut. He ate and sipped from a stone with a hollow in it. In
humility he sipped in a way similar to that of an animal because of the honor
Allah had shown him by speaking to him.
These reports have all been recorded and the
perfect attributes of the prophets and messengers together with their good
character, handsome features and qualities are well known so we will not linger
any more on them. Should you read contrary to these reports in other books,
know that the historian or commentator is among the ill-informed.
Section 22 - The qualities of the Prophet as
described by Abi Hala's son to Al Hasan, the grandson of the Prophet.
We have already spoken about several of the
Prophet's praiseworthy qualities, his excellent virtues and perfect attributes,
and brought you ample proof through reliable reports that all these qualities
are truthful. However, one must be aware that these reports are but a sample
and that there are so many more to learn, collect and study.
This section also relates to the qualities of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and one must realize that we have only
scratched the surface as the extent of the proofs is colossal. There is an
overflowing ocean of knowledge relating to the qualities of the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, and when buckets full of this knowledge
are drawn from that ocean, it's effect on that ocean is insignificant.
To complete this chapter, we are of the opinion
that the best manner would be to quote the sayings of Al Hasan, and Al Hussain,
the grandsons of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, narrated by Abi
Hala, as they cover many of his qualities and include a considerable amount of
physical detail.
Al Hasan tells us that he asked his uncle Abi
Hala about the features of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, as he wished to recall them. He said, "The Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, was not only imposing but majestic, his face shone like
the full moon. He was a little taller than medium height and a little shorter
than could be termed tall.
The head of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was well proportioned and his hair was neither curly nor straight, and
parted; it did not reach lower than the lobes of his ears. His complexion was
fair and he had a wide brow. His eyebrows were thick separated by a narrow
space. When he was angered a vein throbbed between them. His nose was long and
had a line of light over it that someone might, unthinkingly, suppose to be his
nose. His beard was thick, and his eyes were black and naturally mascared. His
cheeks were firm and his mouth wide with evenly spaced teeth. The hair on his
chest formed a fine line. His neck was as if it were fashioned from pure
silver.
The Prophet's physique was finely balanced, and
his body firm and muscular. His belly was equal in size to his chest. His chest
was broad and the space between his shoulders wide. His calves were full. He
was luminous!
Between the neck and navel of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, there was a fine line of hair, however the rest of his
torso was free from hair. He had hair on his forearms and shoulders as did the
upper part of his chest. His wrists were thick, and the palms of his hand
broad. Both his hands and the soles of his feet were firm, and his fingers were
long. He was slender. He had a high instep and his feet were so smooth that
water ran off them.
As for his gait, when he walked it was a though
he was going down a hill. His walk was dignified and easy. He walked swiftly.
When he addressed someone he would turn his
entire body towards them.
He lowered and restrained his glance which would
be more downward than upward. He was the first to speak to his Companions and
the first to greet any person he met."
Al Hasan then asked how he spoke whereupon Abi
Hala's son replied, "The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
was sad on account of his knowledge of reality and reflected. He took no rest
and spoke only when necessary, spending long periods in silence. He began and
concluded his talk correctly and his words were straight to the point and
easily understood without excess, or inadequacy.
His temperament was exceptional, he was neither
harsh nor cruel. He valued a gift no matter whether it was small. He neither
censured, nor criticized anything, nor did he praise the taste of food. He was
only angry with whosoever violated the rights of Allah, he was never angry for
his own personal sake.
If he happened to point to something, he pointed
with his entire hand. When something surprised him he would turn the palm of
his hand upside down. When talking, he held his right thumb in his left palm.
When angered he turned away, averting his face and when he was happy, he looked
downwards. More often than not his laughter was that of a smile and he showed
his teeth which were as white as hailstones."
Al Hasan said, "I delayed mentioning this to
Al Hussain for a while, then I mentioned it to him only to discover he had
beaten me to it. He had asked our father (Imam Ali) about the preceding
prophetic qualities of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
both at home and outside, and also about his features. He omitted
nothing."
Al Hussain said, "I asked my father about
the prophetic qualities of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, at home and he replied, 'He was permitted to enter his house for his own
comfort. When he retired to his house, he divided his time in to thirds, a
third for Allah, a third for his family and a third for himself, then, he
divided his third between the people and himself. As for the time allotted for
the people, he spent more time with ordinary people than he did with the
hierarchy, so none were excluded. In respect to the prophetic qualities in the
third set aside for himself he would show preference to those of merit and
divide the time according to the excellence of their faith. Some only had one
need, whereas others had two or more. He concerned himself with them and kept
them active in doing things that were beneficial for both themselves and the
community. He always asked about them and their affairs. He would say, 'Those
of you who are present should convey things to those who are absent, and you
should let me know the needs of the people who are unable to convey their needs
to me. On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will make firm the feet of a person
who conveys to a ruler the need of someone who is unable to convey it
himself.'"
Sufyan, Wukay's son, commented "The people
entered (into his presence) as seekers and only departed after they had tasted
something, and left to guide others."
Al Hussain asked his father about the occasions
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, went out and his mode of behavior.
Imam Ali replied, "The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
did not speak unless it was in respect of the concerns of people. He unified
people and did not divide them. He honored the nobility from each delegation
and appointed them over their people. He was cautious and guarded himself
against them, however he was never discourteous and never turned his face away
from them.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
inquired about his Companions and would ask people about others. He praised and
encouraged what was good, and disliked and discouraged anything that was
odious. He took a balanced course, without making changes. He was never
neglectful, because it was his fear that people might become negligent or
weary. He was always prepared for any eventuality. He neither neglected a right
nor let his debt become excessive so that he had to ask for the help of others.
To him, the best and most preferred people were those who were good advisors to
others. As for those he esteemed most, they were those who supported and helped
him."
Al Hussain also asked Imam Ali, may Allah be
pleased with them, him about his gatherings and prophetic qualities while he
was with them. Imam Ali replied, "The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, neither sat down nor stood up without mentioning Allah. He did not
reserve a special place for himself and forbade others to do so on his behalf.
When he came upon a group of people he would sit down at its edge and ask
others to do the same. Everyone who sat with him received his share of time and
no one who sat with him felt that another was more honored than he. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was patient with all people and those in
his company would be the first to depart. When someone in need asked for
something he would either give it to him or speak to him with words of
consolation. Of all people, he was the kindest and most well mannered, and was
like a father to them. When it came to the rights of people each was equal
before him.
The gatherings of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, were those of forbearance, modesty, patience and trust. Voices
were never raised during these gatherings neither were people's shortcomings
made known, nor lapses exposed. Each participant was humble, bonded to one
another through their fear of Allah. Respect was shown to the elderly and mercy
shown to the young, they helped those in need and were merciful to
strangers."
Having asked these questions Al Hussain then
asked about the Messenger of Allah's interaction with his Companions. Imam Ali
told him, "The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, was of a
cheerful disposition, with an exceptional temperament. He was never harsh or
rude and did not shout or use obscene language. He was not one to find fault
nor over praise anyone. He disregarded and left anything that was unessential.
He was void of hypocrisy, and did not store up matters, nor did he concern
himself with trivialities. He neither censured anyone, scolded them, nor pried
into the secrets of people.
When Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, spoke it was only about things to receive a reward from Allah. When he
spoke, those sitting with him sat still, as if they had birds perched on their
heads. When someone spoke to him, they remained silent until he had finished.
Their conversation was about the first matter that was raised. He laughed at
what they laughed and was surprised by that which surprised them. When a
stranger spoke to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in a vulgar
manner, he was patient with him. He said, "When you find someone asking
for something of which he has a need, give it to him." He did not look for
praise except to balance a matter. He never interrupted someone who happened to
be speaking, and spoke only when that person had finished what he was going to
say or when the person got up from where he was sitting.
Imam Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was
asked by someone else to describe the silence of the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, to which he replied, "He remained silent on account
of four matters; forbearance, caution, evaluation and reflection. He reflected
upon what would endure and that which would not. He was forbearing in his
patience, and provocative matters never angered him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
exercised caution out of concern for his nation in several matters. For example
he avoided offering voluntary worship in front of his followers lest they
follow him and thereafter the voluntary become obligatory. If such matters had
become obligatory his nation would have been punished if they neglected to do
them.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon, would
overlook something minor in order not to harm the establishment of something
major. In other words focusing on the principle cause rather than minor issues
and he would strive to establish .
what was best for his nation, both materially and
spiritually of the code of practice, and the supportive knowledge and wisdom.
He established the best practice in this life for the sake of winning in the
Everlasting Life."
Praise be to Allah, and our thanks to Him. This
brings to a close a glimpse of the description of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him.
THE AUTHENTIC AND WELL KNOWN TRADITIONS NARRATING
THE
ESTEEMED VALUE ALLAH HAS PLACED UPON HIS PROPHET,
TOGETHER WITH HIS EXALTED POSITION, AND NOBILITY IN THIS LIFE
AND THE EVERLASTING LIFE
There is no room to dispute that Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah praise and venerate him and grant him peace, is by far the
most noble of all mankind, and that he is the Master of the Children of Adam.
Nor is there any doubt that he is in the Sight of Allah the one who is elevated
to the highest station and rank, and the one who is nearest to Him. You should
know dear reader the quotations that have reached us are innumerable and that
we have limited ourselves to those that are authentic and well-known. This
chapter is in fifteen sections and discusses and expounds the meaning of these
quotations.
Section 1 - The position of the Prophet in the Sight of Allah.
Judge Eyad
opens this section with the narration of Abbas' son who tells us that
the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "Allah divided people into two groups and placed me in the best
group. Allah speaks of 'the Companions of the Right' and 'the Companions of the
Left', I am among the Companions of the Right and the best of the Companions of
the Right. Then He divided the two groups into three and placed me in the best
of the three. Allah says, 'Companions of the Right, what are the Companions
of the Right? Companions of the Left, what are the Companions of the Left? And
the Outstrippers, the Outstripped 56:8-10. I am among the Outstrippers and
the best
of the Outstrippers. Thereafter He divided the
three into tribes and placed me in the best tribe. Allah says, 'And made you
nations and tribes that you might know
one another. The noblest among you before Allah
is the most righteous of you. Allah is the Knower, the Aware' 49:13. Of all
the children of Adam, I am the one who fears Allah most, and the noblest in His
Sight, and this is no boast.
Then, He divided the tribes and placed me in the
best house. Allah says, 'O family of the House, Allah only wishes to
distance fault from you and to cleanse you, and to purify you abundantly".
33:33"
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
asked when the Prophethood was bestowed upon him and Abu Hurayrah tells us that
he replied, "When Adam was between the body and spirit."
With regard to the excellence of the Prophet's
lineage we are told by Al Asqa's son, Wa'ila, that the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, told them, "Allah chose Ishmael from the
children of Abraham, and from the children of Ishmael He chose the children of
Kinana. From the children of Kinana He chose the children of Hashim, and from
the children of Hashim He chose the Koraysh, and He chose me from the children
of Hashim."
In the following quotation Anas tells us that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke of his honored position saying,
"I am the most honored of the children of Adam with my Lord, and this is
no boast."
Lady Ayesha, Mother of Believers, may Allah be
pleased with her, tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
said, "Gabriel came to me and said,
'I searched the East and the West of the earth
and saw no man better than Muhammad, neither did I see a tribe better than the
children of Hashim.'"
On the "Night Journey" Burack, (the
white, heavenly winged mount) was brought for the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, to ride and Anas tells us that it shied away from the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, whereupon Gabriel said to Burack, "Would you do
this to Muhammad? No one who has ever ridden you is more honorable to Allah
than he." Upon hearing this Burack broke into a sweat.
Anas also tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Allah brought me down to earth in the loins of
Adam, then He placed me in the loins of Noah and thereafter cast me into the
loins of Abraham. Allah proceeded to move me from one noble loin and pure womb
to another until He brought me out of my parents. None of them were ever joined
together in fornication."
Abbas praised the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, saying, "And when you were born the earth shone and the horizons
were lit from your light.
Even before your arrival in this world, you were
excellent in the shadows and repository in the time when they covered
themselves with leaves.
Then, you came through the centuries,
not as a mortal, nor yet as a lump of flesh nor
as a clot, rather as a drop that rode the ships, and bridled the idol. The drop
was transferred from loin to womb.
As the world proceeded, the next era appeared.
Then your guardian house contained loftiness from
Khindiff underneath which were mountain ranges.
When you were born, the earth shone
And the horizon was illuminated by your light.
We travel in that illumination
And in the light and paths of right guidance.
O coolness of the fire of Abraham!
O cause of the protection in the blazing Fire!
Abu Hurayrah,
together with several other Companions tells us that the Prophet,
praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Five things have been given to me that no
other prophet before me was given. Through terror
being cast into the hearts of my enemies I was given help a month before I
arrived. The earth has been made a mosque for me and a place of purity,
therefore when the time for prayer arrives, any man of my nation can pray. The
spoils of war which were unlawful to all previous prophets have been made
lawful to me. I have been sent for all peoples. I have been given the
intercession (on the Day of Judgement)." It has also been transmitted that
"Allah will instruct Prophet Muhammad, 'Ask and you will be given and
pleased.' He will reply 'I will not be pleased if any of my nation is in Hell.
And also he said 'I left my best supplication for the sinners of major deeds of
my nation.'"
Also the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "I was sent to the fair and
the dark." This last statement has been
explained in two ways, the first is that "the dark" refers to the
Arabs and "the fair" non-Arabs. The second explanation
is
that "the
fair" refers to mankind and "the dark" to jinn (who were created
from fire
and live in the wilderness).
Abu Hurayrah
also tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"Through terror being cast into the hearts
of my enemies I was given help a month before I arrived and I have been given
all the worlds. While I slept, I had a vision in which the keys of the
treasures of the earth were brought to me and placed in my hands." In
addition to this in another transmission is "The rank of Prophethood was
sealed for all times by me."
Amir, Ukba's son narrates that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "On your behalf, I will go in advance
before you, and I will be a witness for you. By Allah, I am looking at Al
Kawthar (the river, its pool and springs) now. I have been given the keys to
the treasures of the earth. By Allah, I do not fear that you will associate
(another with Allah), rather, I fear you will vie with one another for worldly
gain."
Amr's son, Abdullah tells us that the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, said, "I am Muhammad, the
unlettered Prophet, there is no prophet after me. I was given all the Words and
their seals. I was made to recognize the guardians of the Fire and the bearers
of the Throne."
Omar's son tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, spoke of the end of the world saying, "I have been sent
not long before the arrival of the Last Hour."
Wahb's son, reported that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, told them that Allah said, "Ask, O Muhammad!"
whereupon he replied, "What shall I ask from my Lord? You took Abraham for
a friend, You spoke to Moses, You chose Noah and gave a kingdom to Solomon, the
like of which no one after him can have." Allah replied, "What I have
given you is better than that, I have given you Al Kawthar (the river in
Paradise, its pool and springs), and I have placed your name after My Name,
which is announced throughout the heavens (on the earth in the daily Call to Prayer).
For you and your nation I have made the earth a place of purity. I gave you the
status of forgiveness for your past and future deeds. You walk among people who
are forgiven because of you. I have not done this for anyone before you. I have
placed in the hearts of your nation the Holy Reading (Koran). For you I have
reserved your rank of intercession, and I have not reserved it for any prophet
except you."
On another occasion the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, spoke to his Companions about the first people to enter the
Garden, and Hudhayfa tells us that he said, "My Lord has given me good
news that seventy thousand people from my nation and myself will be the first
to enter the Garden. With each of the seventy thousand there will be another seventy
thousand who will not be held to account. To me He has granted that my nation
will neither hunger nor yet will they be overcome. He has given me victory,
might and terror which runs a month before me. The spoils of war have been
permitted to me and my nation. To me, He has made lawful much of that barred to
those who were before me. He has not placed any discomfort in the religion for
us."
Abu Hurayrah tells us that, the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, spoke of the signs of Prophethood given to previous
prophets, saying, "Every prophet was given signs by which people would
believe him, and I have been given the Revelation which Allah has sent down to
me, and it is my hope that I will have the greatest number of followers on the
Day of Resurrection."
The following is a simplified explanation of the
preceding quotation on a vast subject which will, Allah willing (inshaAllah),
be discussed in greater detail in the final chapters that speak of the miracles
given to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
Scholars of
Islam have explained the meaning of this quotation is that the Koran,
the greatest miracle given to Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, is unlike all the miracles of other prophets and
it will remain as long as the world remains. The miracles of previous prophets
appeared but did not remain and were present only during their life time. The
Koran will remain generation after generation as something that can be seen by
the eye, not just as information and will remain up until the Day of
Resurrection. It is read, memorized by children and recited with its fine
recitation.
Our attention is drawn by Imam Ali, may Allah be
pleased with him, that every prophet was given seven noble, helping companions
from his nation. However, our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was given
fourteen and include, Abu
Bakr, Omar, Masood's son and Ammar. Furthermore,
ten of the Companions of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, were
guaranteed Paradise: (Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman son of Afan, Ali, may Allah honor
his face, Talha son of Obidallah, Zubair son of Al Waam, Abdul Rahman son of
Awf, Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas, Sayed son of Zayed, Abu Obaidah son of Jarrah).
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"Allah protected Mecca from the elephant (and the army of Abraha that came
to destroy Ka'ba), and gave the
Opening of
Mecca to His Messenger and the believers. This will not be permitted
to anyone after me and it was made lawful for me
for only one hour of one day."
Sariyyah, Al
Irbad's son heard the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, say, "I am the worshiper of Allah and
the Seal of the Prophets. I was cast into the clay of Prophet Adam, and I am
the promise of my father Abraham, and the good news of Jesus, son of
Mary."
Abbas' son spoke to his companions about the
position of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, saying, "Allah
preferred Muhammad to the angels of the
heavens and all the other prophets."
Whereupon his companions inquired about his excellence over the inhabitants of
the heavens, so he told them, "Allah says to the inhabitants of the
heavens, 'If any one of them says: I am a god other than
Him, We will
recompense him with Gehenna (Hell). As such We recompense the
harm doers'" 21:29. Whereas He said
to Muhammad "Indeed, We have opened for you a clear opening, that Allah
forgives your past and future sins, and completes His Favor to you, and guides
you on a Straight Path. " 48:1-2. They then inquired about his
excellence over the other prophets and he reminded them of the verse,
"Allah says, We have sent no Messenger except in the tongue of his own
nation, so that he might make everything plain to them. But Allah leads astray
whom He will and guides whom He will. He is the Almighty, the
Wise.' 14:4 whereas He said to
Muhammad, "We did not send you for all mankind except to bring them
glad tidings and to warn." 34:28.
One day, Khalid, Madan's son was amongst the
Companions who asked the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, to tell them more about himself, so he told them, "I am the answer to
the supplication of my father Abraham, when he supplicated 'Our Lord, send
among them a Messenger from them.' 2:129. Jesus also gave the good news
about me."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
continued, "When I was in my mother's womb, she had a vision in which a
light came from her that illumined the
castles of Basra in Syria." Then he spoke of
his suckling saying, "I was suckled by the tribe of Saad Bakr's son"
and told them, "I was herding some animals with
my
foster-brothers behind our tents when two men wearing white robes came to
me. They held me tightly and split open my chest,
from my throat down to my belly. Then they removed my heart and split it open
and extracted a black drop from it and disguarded it. Then they washed my heart
and chest with snow until they had cleansed it."
Regarding the belief and wisdom in his heart even
when he was a child it has also been reported that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Then one of them reached for something and there
was a ring of light in his hand that would dazzle anyone who looked at it.
Then, he sealed my heart with it and my heart was filled with belief and
wisdom, and he put it back. Thereafter, the other passed his hand over that
part of my chest and it was healed and restored. Then one of them said to the
other, 'Weigh him against ten from his nation', so they weighed me and I
outweighed them. Then he said, 'Weigh him against one hundred of his nation',
so they weighed me and I outweighed them. Then he said, 'Weigh him against one
thousand of his nation', so they weighed me and I outweighed them. Then he
said, 'Leave him, if you were to weigh him against all of his nation he would
still outweigh all of them.' (This is proof that he is the major core and
center point of creation). Thereafter they embraced me, kissed my head and then
kissed me between my eyes. Then they said, 'O beloved, do not be afraid, if you
did but know the blessings that are destined for you, you would be overjoyed!'
Then they said, 'How honored you are with Allah!' Allah and His angels are with
you.' Then they left me, and it is as if I can still see them."
On another occasion Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, spoke of Prophet Adam, and As-Samarkandi and other scholars
tell us that he said, "When Adam made his mistake he said, 'O Allah,
forgive me my sin by the right of Muhammad!' And Allah inquired (gently
although He already knew), 'How do you know Muhammad?' He replied, 'I saw
written everywhere in the Garden: There is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah, so I knew that he was the most honored of creation in Your
eyes. So Allah turned to him and forgave him." It has been explained that
this is the meaning of the verse, "Then Adam received Words from his
Lord, and his Lord relented towards him. He is the Receiver of Repentance, the
Merciful." 2:37.
It has also been reported that Adam said,
"When You created me, I lifted my gaze to Your Throne, and on it, it was
written, 'There is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,' so
I knew that no one would be held in greater esteem by You than he whose name
You placed next to Your Name." Then Allah revealed to him, "By My
Might and Majesty, he is the last of the prophets among your descendants. If it
were not for him, I would not have created you." It has been said that
Adam was given the endearing name "Abu Muhammad', meaning father of
Muhammad, some people say it was Abul Bashar meaning 'father of mankind'.
Surayj, Jonah's son tells us that, "Allah
has angels, who as an element of their worship, visit each house that has a
person called Ahmad or Muhammad in it on
account of the honor in which they hold
Muhammad."
Abul Hamra
tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke of his
Night Journey, saying, "When I was taken to
the heavens on the Night Journey, written on the Throne of Allah were the
words, 'There is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and I
have supported him with Ali."
Abbas' son explained the verse "Beneath
it was buried a treasure which belong to them." 18:82 saying, "It
is a tablet of gold on which it was written, 'How strange is it for the one who
is certain about the decree! How can he begin? How strange for the one who is
certain of the Fire! How can he laugh? How strange for the one who sees this
world and its unexpected changes in respect of people - how can he be at peace
there? 'I am Allah, there is no god except Me. Muhammad is My worshiper and My
Messenger.'"
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, also
told those in his company, "Written on the door of the Garden is 'I am
Allah, there is no god except Me. Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. I will
not punish anyone who says that.'"
Many
inscriptions have been found either on inanimate objects or otherwise all of
which testify to the rank of Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, amongst which are:
Written on an ancient stone it is written,
"Muhammad fears Allah, a righteous man, and a trusted master."
One day as Al-Simintari was in Khorasan he saw a
child and written on one side of him was the inscription, "There is no god
except Allah," and on the other side "Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah."
In India a red
rose was found with an inscription written in white that read, "There
is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger
of Allah."
(In the following narrations, our attention is
drawn to the meritorious value of naming a son Muhammad.)
Muhammad Jafar's father tells us that "On
the Day of Resurrection a call will be given, 'Let whosoever is named Muhammad
stand up and enter the Garden by the meritorious honor of his name.' May Allah
praise and venerate him and grant
him peace."
Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, said, "No harm will come if
he has, one, two or three Muhammad's in the
house."
Malik heard the people of Mecca say, "There
isn't an unprosperous house in which there is the name Muhammad. All the people
of that house are provided for and likewise their neighbors."
Abdullah,
Masood's son said, "Allah looked into the hearts of His worshipers and
from among
them chose the heart of Muhammad. He chose him for Himself and
sent him with His Message."
When the verse "You must not hurt the
Messenger of Allah, nor shall you ever wed his wives after him, surely, this
would be a monstrous thing with Allah. " 33:53 An-Naqqash tells us
that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, arose and addressed the people,
saying, "O gathering of believers! Allah, the Immense has preferred me greatly
over you, and He has preferred my wives greatly over yours." It also draws
our attention to the favor of Allah upon him and his wives.
Section 2 - The miracle of the Prophet's night
journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, and the Heavenly Ascent
[Judge Eyad
presents different rich opinions relating to the journey that were narrated
down to each group, while he and the subject matter experts hold that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, started by vision spiritual ascent which
in turn graduated him to the final miraculous actual ascent in both body and
spirit, and that final state is what caused the debate of the unbelievers flair
since a vision is incontestable.]
Speaking of the miraculous Night Journey of
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, tells of his conversation with
Allah, his
vision, his being the leader of all the prophets,
his ascent to the Lote Tree (Sidrat Tree) of the Ending, close to the Garden of
Refuge, and speaks of the greatest signs of Allah seen by him during his
journey.
Another of
Prophet Muhammad's very special qualities are made known to us as
a result of this event added to which we learn
more of the exalted degrees bestowed upon him on account of it. This miraculous
event is mentioned in the Holy Koran and further details are made known to us
in the authentic prophetic quotations.
Allah says, "Exalted is He who carried
His worshiper (Prophet Muhammad) to travel in the night from the Sacred Mosque
(Mecca) to the Furthest Mosque (Jerusalem) which We have blessed around it so
that We might show him some of Our signs. He is the Hearer, the Seer."
17:1
And, "By
the star when it plunges, your companion is neither astray, neither errs,
nor does he speak out of desire. Indeed, it is
not except a Revelation which is revealed, taught by One who is Stern in power.
Of might, he (Gabriel) stood firm
while he was in the highest horizon; then he drew
near, and became close he was but two bows' length or even nearer, so (Allah)
revealed to His worshiper (Gabriel) that which he revealed (to Prophet
Muhammad). His heart did not lie of what he saw. What, will you dispute with
him about what he sees! Indeed, he saw him in another descent at the Lote Tree
(Sidrat tree) of the Ending close to the Garden of Refuge. When there comes to
the Lote Tree, that which comes
his eyes did not swerve, nor did they stray for
indeed he saw one of the greatest signs of his Lord. " 53:1-18
Muslims have absolutely no doubt about the
occurrence of this great, miraculous event because Allah in His unchangeable Word,
the Holy Koran Himself testifies to it. There are a great number of authentic
prophetic quotations that elaborate upon its detail and marvels to acquaint us
still further with the very special qualities of our beloved Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him. Some of the information has already been made known to
you, dear reader in previous chapters, however, we will, Allah willing
(inshaAllah), enlightened you with more indications to its magnitude.
Malik's son Anas tells us that he was told by the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, "Burack was brought to
me. It was a white animal, somewhat taller than a donkey, yet smaller than a
mule. Its step extended a distance that equaled the range of its vision. I
mounted and rode it until I was brought to Jerusalem. I tied it to the ring
that the prophets used and thereafter entered the mosque where I prayed two
units of prayer. When I came out, Gabriel brought me two vessels, one of milk
and the other of wine. I chose the one containing milk and Gabriel said, 'You
have chosen the upright nature.'
Then he ascended with me to the first heaven and
asked for it to be opened and a voice asked, 'Who is it?' He replied,
'Gabriel'. Then the voice asked, 'Who is with you?' Gabriel replied,
'Muhammad'. The voice inquired, 'Was he sent for?' and he answered, ' He was
sent for', whereupon the door was opened for us and I found Adam who welcomed
me and supplicated for me. Then we ascended to the second heaven and Gabriel
asked for it to be opened, and a voice inquired, 'Who is it?' and he replied,
'Gabriel' and the voice asked 'Who is with you?' To which he replied,
'Muhammad'. It was asked, 'Was he sent for?' and he answered, 'He was.' And the
door was opened for us, and there I found my cousins, Jesus, Mary's son and
John, Zachariah's son. They welcomed me and supplicated for me. Then we
ascended to the third heaven and the same thing happened and the door was
opened for me and I met Joseph, he had been given half of all the beauty, and
he too welcomed me and supplicated for me. Then we ascended to the fourth
heaven and the same thing occurred.
There I found Idris and he welcomed me and
supplicated for me. (Of Idris) Allah says, "Idris, he too was of the
truth and a Prophet." 19:56. Thereafter, we ascended to the fifth
heaven and the same occurred. Aaron was there and he welcomed and supplicated
for me. Then, we ascended to the sixth heaven, and the same thing occurred, and
there I found Moses who welcomed and supplicated for me. Thereafter we ascended
to the seventh heaven and the same thing occurred and I found Abraham leaning
against the "Bayt Al Ma'mur (the Crowded House) pilgrimaged by seventy
thousand angels in the heavens who enter but do not emerge until the Day of
Judgement.
Then he took me to the Lote Tree of the Ending,
its leaves are like the ears of elephants and its fruits are like earthenware
vessels. When a command from Allah covers it, that which is covered is
transformed in a way that no creature is capable to describe on account of its
absolute beauty. Then, Allah revealed to me what He revealed and He obligated
to me fifty prayers during each day with its night. Then I descended to Moses
who advised me saying, 'Go back to your Lord and ask Him to lighten it, your
nation will never be able to do that. I tested the Children of Israel and know
from experience.' So I went back to my Lord and requested, 'My Lord, lighten it
for my nation.' So He reduced it by five, and I returned to Moses and told him,
'He reduced it by five for me.' Moses said, 'Your nation will not be able to do
that, go back again and asked Him to lighten it.' I kept going and coming
between my Lord and Moses until Allah said, 'Muhammad, they are five prayers
throughout each day with its night. Each prayer counts as ten, equivalent to fifty
prayers. Whosoever intends to do something good, but does not do it, a good
action will be written for him. If he does it, ten will be written for him.
Whosoever intends to do something bad and does not do it - nothing will be
written against him. If he does it, then one bad action will be recorded.' Then
I returned to Moses and told him and he said, 'Go back to your Lord and ask Him
to lighten it.' Whereupon I said: I have gone back to my Lord so often that I
am shy before Him."
A fine detail of the preparatory Heavenly Ascent
was narrated by Abu Dharr who tells us that the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "The roof of my house was split open, and Gabriel
descended and opened my chest and washed it with water from Zamzam. Then he
brought a gold dish filled with wisdom and belief and poured it into my chest
and then sealed it. He took me by the hand and ascended with me to the
heavens."
Judge Eyad continues to throw more light up the
Night Journey by drawing our attention to the reports of several Companions:
Shehab's son tells us, "Every Prophet except
Adam and Abraham said to me (Prophet Muhammad). 'Welcome to the righteous
Prophet and the righteous brother'. Adam and Abraham said, 'a righteous
son.'"
Abbas' son, reports that the Prophet said,
"Then he (Gabriel) ascended with me until I reached a level plain where I
heard the scratching of pens." To this Anas added, "Then he (Gabriel)
ascended with me until I reached the Lote Tree of the Ending, and it was
covered in colors that I did not recognize, thereafter I was brought into the
Garden."
Sa'sa'a son, Malik tells us of the Prophet's,
praise and peace be upon him, conversation with Moses, he said, "When I
passed Moses, he wept. He was asked, 'Why do you weep?' He replied, 'Lord, this
is a young man who was sent after me, and more of his nation will enter the
Garden than those of my nation."
Abu Hurayrah, tells us, "Then he (the
Prophet) traveled until he reached Jerusalem where he dismounted. He tied his
mount to the Rock and prayed with the angels. After the prayer they asked,
'Gabriel, who is this with you?' He replied, 'This is Muhammad, the Messenger
of Allah, the Seal of the Prophets.' Whereupon they inquired, 'Has he been sent
already?' To which he replied, 'Yes'. And they said, 'May Allah give him a long
life as a brother and a caliph, an excellent brother, an excellent caliph!'
Thereafter he met the spirits of the prophets who praised their Lord and he
mentioned what each of them said. They were, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, David and
Solomon."
Abu Hurayrah went on to say, "Muhammad
praised his Lord, the Mighty, the Glorified, and said, 'You have all praised
your Lord, and I will praise Him: Praise be to Allah who has sent me as a mercy
to the worlds and as a bringer of good tidings and as a warner for all mankind.
He has sent down the Criterion on me that clarifies all things. He has made my
nation the best nation, and He has made my nation a median nation. They are the
first and the last. He opened my chest for me and removed my burden from me. He
has elevated my prominence and made me an opener and a seal.' Abraham said,
'That is why Muhammad is better than you.'"
Masood's son tells us, "He brought me to the
Lote Tree of the Ending, which is in the sixth heaven. Whatever rises from the
earth to it reaches it and touches a part of it. Whatever falls from above it
reaches it and touches part of it. Allah says, "When there comes to the
Lote Tree, that which comes" 53:16
Ar Rabi, Anas's narrates, "I (Prophet
Muhammad) was told, 'This is the Lote Tree of the Ending. Each of your nation
who travels your Path will reach it. It is the furthest Lote Tree. From its
roots spring rivers of sweet water, rivers of unstaling milk, rivers of wine, a
delight to its drinkers, and rivers of pure honey. The tree is so huge that it
would take a rider seventy years just to ride across its shadow. One leaf from
it would shade creation, light and angels cover it." Abu Hurayrah
explained that this refers to the words of Allah, "When there comes to
the Lote Tree, that which comes. " 53:16.
Allah told him, "Ask," and Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "You took Abraham to be a
close friend and You gave him and immense kingdom. You spoke directly to Moses
and gave David an immense kingdom and made iron malleable for him, and You
subjected the mountains to him. To Solomon, You gave an immense kingdom and
subjugated men, jinn and satans to him, and the winds and gave to him a kingdom
the like of which no one after him would have. To Jesus You taught the Torah
and the Gospel and permitted him to heal the blind and the leper. You protected
him and his mother from the accursed satan so that he would find no way against
them."
Allah then said to him, "I have taken you as
a close friend and a beloved. In the Torah it is written, 'Muhammad is the
Beloved of the Merciful'. I have sent you to all people and made your nation
such that none will be permitted to speak until they have all testified that
you are My Worshiper and My Messenger. I made you to be the first of the
prophets to be created and the last to be sent. I have given you the seven dual
verses (Mathani), and I did not give them to any prophet before you. To you I
have given the seals of the "Cow" chapter from the treasure under My
Throne, and these I did not given to any prophet before you. I have made you an
opener and a seal."
In another version it reads, "The Messenger
of Allah was given three things. He was given the five prayers, the seals of
the "Cow" chapter, and the pardoning for the major sins of his nation
for each of his nation who did not associate anything with Allah." Allah
says, "His heart did not lie of what he saw." 53:11. Masood's
son tells us that he saw Gabriel in his reality and described him as having six
hundred wings.
Sharik, Abi Namr's son, says that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, saw Moses in the seventh heaven, then he was
taken higher to that of which Allah has knowledge, Moses said, "I did not
think that anyone would be raised above me."
Anas tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, prayed with the prophets in Jerusalem. He also tells that he said,
"One day when I was sitting, Gabriel came to me and nudged me between my
shoulders, whereupon I arose and ascended to a tree in which there was
something similar to two bird's nests. He sat in one and I sat in the other,
and it grew until it filled both the east and west. If I had wished I could
have touched the sky. I looked around and glanced at Gabriel and it appeared to
me as if he was a piece of transparent cloth. I recognized the superiority of
his knowledge of Allah over mine. Then the gate of heaven was opened and I saw
a blinding light and a veil dropped below me. The pearl and ruby split open and
Allah revealed to me what He wished to reveal."
Imam Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, informs
us, "When Allah wanted to teach His Messenger the 'Call to Prayer',
Gabriel came to him with a mount called Burack. As he went to mount it, it
shied away from him and Gabriel said, 'Be still, by Allah, no worshiper has
ever ridden you who is more honored before Allah than Muhammad.' Then he
mounted and rode it until it brought him to the veil just below the Merciful,
whereupon an angel came out of the veil and the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, inquired, 'Gabriel, who is this?' He replied, 'By the One
who has sent you with the truth, I have the closest station to Allah of all
creatures, yet I have not seen this angel from the time I was created until
this moment.' The angel said, 'Allah is the Greatest! Allah is the Greatest!'
Then a voice came from behind the veil saying, 'My worshiper has spoken the
truth, I am the Greatest, I am the Greatest!' The angel then said, 'I bear
witness that there is no god except Allah' and a voice from behind the veil
said, 'My worshiper has spoken the truth, there is no god except Me,' and the
rest of the Call to Prayer was mentioned, although he did not mention the
response to the words, 'Come to the prayer, come to success.'" After this
he said, "Then the angel took Muhammad by the hand as a guide so that he
was the prayer leader for the inhabitants of the heavens, including Adam and
Noah."
The grandson of Al Hussain tells us, that
"Allah honored Muhammad above the inhabitants of the heavens of the
earth."
Dear reader, we must understand that it is the
creatures who are veiled in this life, not the Creator because He is never
absent but eyes never reach Him, whereas He reaches the eyes. The Creator,
Exalted is He, is not connected with anything that might veil Him because veils
are defined by physical senses and reflective lights on substances. He veils
the eyes, the inner eyes, and the perception of His creatures how and when He
wills as He has said.
However, on the Day of Judgement Allah will be
seen by the elite amongst the believers in Paradise, but not with the physical
method of this life's sighting because Allah is removed from directions and is
neither contained by either space or location. Allah tells us, "On that
Day there shall be radiant faces, gazing towards their Lord." 75:22-23.
Whereas the unbelievers are veiled from this rank as Allah said, "No
indeed, on that Day they shall be veiled from their Lord." 83:15
The preceding hadith speaks of an angel 'coming
out of the veil', therefore it is understood that it is a veil which veils what
is beyond it and so the angels cannot grasp the power and immensity of Allah
nor yet the wonders of what He created of the earthly life and the angelic
world of the whole universe beyond that point. This is an indication that the
veil is not particular to the Essence, rather to the creation. Ka'b explained
that it is there at the Lote Tree of the Ending, that the knowledge of the
angels ends, and it is there that they find the command of Allah and their
knowledge does not extend further than that point.
The hadith says, "Then a voice (having no
direction) came (as if ) from behind the veil saying (not heard by the ear,
rather by the heart), My worshiper has spoken the truth I am Greater, I am
Greater!"
From this it is understood that the angel does
not hear the words of Allah here, rather they are from behind a veil. Allah
says, "It does not belong to any human that Allah should speak to him
except by Revelation, or from behind a veil, or that He sent a Messenger to
reveal whatsoever He will by His permission. He is the High, the Wise."42:51.
The meaning of this is that he does not see Allah, his eye is veiled from
seeing Him.
Section 3 - The reality of the Prophet's Night Journey
[Judge Eyad
presents different rich opinions relating to the journey that were narrated
down to each group, while he and the subject matter experts hold that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, started by vision spiritual ascent which
in turn graduated him to the final miraculous actual ascent in both body and
spirit, and that final state is what caused the debate of the unbelievers flair
since a vision is incontestable.]
There are three varying opinions among those of
the early generation of Muslims and other scholars of Islam as to whether or
not the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, went on the Night Journey in
body or just in spirit.
One faction, who are in no doubt that the visions
of the prophets are a truth and a revelation, maintain that he went in spirit,
and not by body, and that the event took place in a vision. Amongst those who
adhered to this opinion is Mua'wiyah. It has also been said that Hasan Al Basri
adhered to the same opinion. However, Muhammad Isaac' son indicates that Hasan
Al Basri actually held the opposite opinion. In support of this opinion they
quote the words of Allah that read, "We did not make the vision which
We showed to you, and the tree cursed in the Koran except to be a trial for
people." 17:60.
Speaking of the Ascent and the Night Journey,
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "I did not miss the
warmth of the body of the Messenger of Allah", meaning he went and the bed
was still warm, is a timeless miracle.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, tells
us "As I slept". Anas said, "He was asleep in the Sacred
Mosque". The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "I awoke
and I was in the Sacred Mosque."
Most of the Companions, including, Abbas' son.
Jabir, Anas Hudhayfa, Abu Hurayrah, Sa'sa'as son Malik, Abu Habba Al Badri,
Masood's son, Ad Dahhak, Jubair's son Sa'id, Katada, the son of Al Musayyab,
Shehab's son, Zaid's son, Al Hasan Al Basri, Abraham, Masruk, Muhjahid, Ikrima
and Jurayi's son, believe that he went on the Night Journey in his physical
body while he was awake. This opinion is upheld by the majority of jurists,
scholars of hadith, theology, and by those who explained the Holy Koran.
Another faction are of the opinion that he was
taken bodily on the Night Journey, in a state of awakeness from the Sacred
Mosque to Jerusalem, and thereafter he was taken in spirit through the heavens.
To support their opinion they quote the verse, "Exalted is He who
carried His worshiper to travel in the night from the Sacred Mosque to the
Furthest Mosque which We have blessed around it so that We might show him some
of Our signs. He is the Hearer, the Seer." 17:1, deeming the
"Furthest Mosque" the end of the journey. This miraculous event is of
such immensity, that it is awe-inspiring, and is yet another illustration of
the tremendous honor bestow on Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him.
This faction are of the opinion that if the Night Journey had taken place with
him in his physical body further than the Furthest Mosque, Allah would have mentioned
it and consequently his praiseworthiness would have become even more elevated.
There is a difference of opinion in these last
two factions as to whether or not he prayed at Jerusalem. Anas and others, you
will recall, tell us that he prayed there, however, Hudhayfa Al Yaman's son,
said, "By Allah, they did not leave the back of Burack until they
returned."
The sound position, Allah willing (inshaAllah),
is that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, traveled in both spirit and
body throughout the entire Night Journey. Verses from the Koran, authenticated
sayings, and the considered opinion direct us to this. The habit of the
scholars is that they accept the literal meaning unless it is impossible. This
being the case they conservatively approach the metaphoric interpretation to
keep the faith pure of the Oneness of Allah and the difference between Him and
His creation. We cannot visualize Allah by either our worldly dictionary or
human interaction.
It is not impossible that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, went on the Night Journey in his physical body and in a
state of awakeness. If it had been a vision, then Allah would have said,
"with the spirit of His worshiper". Recall how Allah says, "his
eyes did not swerve, nor did they stray" 53:17. If it had been a
vision then it would not have implicated either a sign or a miracle.
Some unbelievers, and some Muslims whose faith
was yet to mature, held the ascent or the night journey to be a dream, on this
ground they would not have objected to it and not believed it to be impossible.
Their dilemma was that it happened outside the state of sleep. It was
only because of the fact that the entire event took place both in spirit and
body in the state of awakeness that doubt entered their minds, and that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had spoken of his praying with the other
prophets not only in Jerusalem but in the heavens. If it had been a vision, he
himself would have described it as such, and the Koran would have said the
same. Especially as it was the habit of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, to make it clear whether a matter was seen in a vision or otherwise.
In this respect the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, mentioned the events of this miracle such as when Gabriel brought
Burack for him to mount, then again during his ascent when the heavens were
asked to open they inquired "Who is it?" and Gabriel's answer
"Muhammad". Then, there were the welcoming and conversations with the
prophets in each heaven, the establishment of the obligation of the five daily
prayers and the going back and forth when Moses' advised him to request a
reduction in the number of prayers. Abbas' son said, "It was a direct
sighting which he saw with his own eyes. It was not a dream."
Hasan Al Basri tells us that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, said, "As I slept in the Hijr, Gabriel came to me
and nudged me with his foot. I sat up, but saw nothing so I lay back
down." This happened three times. He said,
"Upon the third occasion, he grasped me by
my arm and took me to the door of the Mosque, where there was a riding animal,
the Burack."
Umm Hani tells us, "It was during the same
night that the Messenger of Allah spent in my house that he was taken on the
Night Journey. He had prayed the final prayer of the night and slept with us.
Before dawn, the Messenger of Allah woke us up and prayed Subh with us.
Thereafter he said, 'Umm Hani, I prayed the final prayer with you as you saw
here in this valley, then I went to Jerusalem and prayed there. Then I prayed
the morning prayer with you as you see'". This report validates his
physical traveling.
Abu Bakr tells us that he said to the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, "I looked for you in your usual
place but did not find you" whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, replied, "Gabriel carried me to the Furthest Mosque."
Omar was present when the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "I prayed in the front of the Mosque
on the evening of the Night Journey, then I came to the Rock in Jerusalem where
an angel stood with two vessels."
The preceding are explicit statements that
clarify matters, so it was not impossible. Therefore it is evident that the
literal meaning is to be taken.
And again, Abu Dharr's narration
tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "When I was
in Mecca, the roof of my house was split open, and Gabriel descended and opened
my chest and washed it with the water of Zamzam....... then
he took me by the hand and ascended with me."
Anas also tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him said, "I was fetched, and they took me to Zamzam and
opened my chest."
When the Koraysh asked the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, (about Gabriel and the Angelic Assembly) Abu Hurayrah tells
that he said, "The Koraysh asked me about my Night Journey. They asked me
things of which I was unsure (because he did not pay attention of trivial
matters) and I became more distressed than I had ever been, then Allah made it
appear before me so I could look at it."
Omar spoke of the Night Journey, and said that
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "I returned to my wife
before she had turned over."
Section 4 - The rebuttal to those who say the journey was a dream
[Judge Eyad presents
different rich opinions relating to the journey that were narrated down to each
group, while he and the subject matter experts hold that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, started by vision spiritual ascent which in turn
graduated him to the final miraculous actual ascent in both body and spirit,
and that final state is what caused the debate of the unbelievers flair since a
vision is incontestable.]
There are some people, who lived many centuries
after the Ascent and Night Journey took place, that claim the event was a
dream. To support their opinion they quote the verse "We did not make
the vision (ru'yah) which We showed to you.... Except to be a trial for
people." 17:60. There is no disagreement among scholars that this
verse was revealed with regard to the decision Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, took at Hudabiyah, and relates to the disappointed, would-be
pilgrims. They overlook the first verses of the same chapter that clearly speak
of the Night Journey. Allah says, "Exalted is He who carried His
worshiper (Prophet Muhammad) to travel in the night from the Sacred Mosque to
the Furthest Mosque which We have blessed around it so that We might show him
some of Our signs. He is the Hearer, the Seer." 17:1. Such mistaken
people also choose to ignore the fact that Abu Bakr, the first Caliph accepted
the reality immediately and never interpreted it otherwise.
The Arabic word "ru'yah" means vision.
The rebuttal for this mistaken minority is found in the beginning of the same
chapter which is named "The Night Journey" in which Allah says, "Exalted
is He who carried His worshiper to travel in the night." 17:1. This
statement disproves their claim because one cannot say about someone who is
asleep that he went on a journey.
This is an affirmation that he saw a vision with
his eye together with a physical, bodily journey because if it had been just a
dream, dreams do not constitute trials. This fact cannot be rejected by anyone,
since anyone can have a dream and see himself in different places at the same
time. And there are many times that Allah addressed His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and no one ever said it meant only his spirit, rather all of
him, body and spirit
In regard to their line of reasoning they quote
him as saying, "in sleep (manam)" and in other quotations,
"between being asleep and awake," and "I was asleep and then
awoke", this is not substantiated because it is most likely that when the
angel first came to him he was asleep, therefore it would stand to reason he
was asleep at the beginning prior to him being taken and carried at night.
There is nothing in the prophetic quotations that point to the entire event
having taken place as such.
Section 5 - The Prophet's seeing of His Lord
[Judge Eyad
presents different rich opinions relating to the journey that were narrated
down to each group, while he and the subject matter experts hold that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, started by vision spiritual ascent which
in turn graduated him to the final miraculous actual ascent in both body and
spirit, and that final state is what caused the debate of the unbelievers flair
since a vision is incontestable.]
Opinions varied amongst the first generation of
Muslims as to whether or not Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
saw his Lord. Amongst those who reject this concept is Lady Ayesha, may Allah
be pleased with her, who when asked by Masruk, "O Mother of Believers, did
Muhammad see His Lord?" She emphasized her reply by saying three times, "My
hair is standing on end at what you have said. Whosoever has told you this
lied." Then she recited the verse, "No eye can see Him, though He
sees all eyes. He is the Subtle, the Aware." 6:103. Masood's son and
Abu Hurayrah endorsed this opinion and said that it was Gabriel whom he saw
however, this opinion lends its self to dispute.
Amongst those who support the opinion as factual
are noted scholars of the Prophetic Sayings, theologians and jurists. They
reject the preceding opinion and the prohibition on the Prophet's, praise and
peace be upon him, permission to see Allah in this life. Abbas' son stated
"He saw Him with his eyes', while Ata related from him that he saw Him
with his heart. Abul Aliyyah said that he saw Him twice with his heart. Omar's
son inquired of Abbas' son whether the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
had seen his Lord, and Abbas' son affirmed that he had.
The most accepted opinion is that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, did in fact see his Lord with his eyes, and the
statement of Abbas' son is reiterated in many transmissions. He also draws our
attention by reminding us that Prophet Moses, peace be upon him, was selected
by Allah with direct speech (again without ear, or sound), and that Prophet
Abraham, peace be upon him, was selected for close friendship, and now Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him was gifted with a vision of Him. To
support this opinion are the verses, "His heart did not lie of what he
saw. What, will you dispute with him about what he sees! Indeed he saw Him
('Him' can either refer to Allah or Gabriel) in another descent. "
63:11-13.
Many knowledgeable people including Al Mawardi,
Ka'b Al Ahbar, Abu Dharr and the tribe of Hashim are in agreement with Abbas'
opinion. Reiterating Abbas' son's opinion, Ka'b exclaimed until the
mountains echoed with his exaltation, "Allah is the Greater!" He also
endorsed Abbas' son statement saying, "Allah divided the vision and the
speech between Muhammad and Moses. He spoke directly to Moses twice and Muhammad
saw Him twice with his heart."
Muhammad, Ka'b Al Qurdi together with Rabi,
Anas's son tell us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was asked,
"Have you seen your
Lord?" Whereupon he replied, "I saw Him
with my heart, I did not see Him with my eye."
Such was the conviction of Hasan Al Basri that he
would swear by Allah that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, saw
his Lord.
The authentic transmissions relating to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, seeing His Lord are numerous. An-Naqqash
said that Ahmad, Hannbal's son said "The meaning of Abbas' son's statement
is that he saw Him with his eye!" He repeated this phrase so many times
that he ran out of breath.
Whereas Abu Omar At-Talamanki reported that
Hanbal's son said Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, saw Him with
his heart, and that he refrained from saying that he saw Him with his eyes in
this world.
Ata's son draws our attention to the verse "Have
We not expanded your chest for you." 94:1 and says that this means
that Allah expanded his chest in order to receive the vision whereas He
expanded the chest of Moses for direct speech.
Al Ashari and his companions are all of the
opinion that he saw Allah with his physical eyes, and said, "Each prophet
is given a sign. Our Prophet was also given one. Out of all of them he was
selected to receive the vision of Him." Commenting upon this a shaykh was
somewhat hesitant and said, "There is no clear proof for it, however it is
permitted for it to be so."
It is an indisputable truth that it is
conceivable for him to have seen Allah in this life, and there is nothing to
make it logically impossible (unless one quantifies Allah, in which case he
will be mistaken). The supporting proof that it is permissible in this life is,
you will recall, that Prophet Moses asked for it and it is impossible for a
prophet not to know what is permitted for Allah and what is permitted for
himself. Undoubtedly, Moses would have only asked for something permissible,
not something impossible. However, he was not given the seeing of Allah, while
some said that when he was in a state of shock and death, it was then that he
saw Allah. Then when He revived him Moses said "Forgive me" because
he had asked to see Him in this life and later when his people asked for it they
were also overwhelmed by lightening as a punishment.
Allah told Moses, "You shall not see Me.
But look at the mountain, if it remains firm in its place, then you shall see
Me."7:143. This verse means that Moses would not be able to bear the
seeing of Allah, because it is impossible. To illustrate this, Allah made the
mountain which was far stronger and firmer than Moses' physical form to be
crushed and leveled.
Regarding the verse, "No eye can see
Him" 6:103, we have already mentioned there are varying
interpretations, and the qualification of the one who says, "in this
life" does not demand that the vision of Allah is impossible.
There are scholars who have taken this verse as a
proof that it is permissible and not impossible to see Him. Others have said
that it refers to the eyes of the unbelievers who do not perceive Him. Then,
there are those, such as Abbas' son who say that they do not encompass Him.
Whereas some say it is only those with inner sight that He is perceived. None
of these varying interpretations can be taken to mean that the vision of Him is
forbidden or impossible.
No proof can be established in the verse "You
shall not see Me" and later on Moses says "Exaltations to You!
I repent to You. I am the first of believers." 7:143 that this is not
representative of a prohibition. The first quotation has been explained as
meaning 'You will not see Me in this world.' One's attention is drawn to the
fact that in this verse there is nothing that forbids the vision and that it
refers specifically to Moses. As for, "I repent to You. I am the first
of believers." This has been explained with the meaning that Moses
repented from asking for something he could not have.
Abu Bakr Al Hudhali said, "The explanation
of the verse "You shall not see Me" means it is not for any
mortal to have the capacity to look at Him in this life and whosoever looks at
Him dies. Abu Bakr continued saying, "I have observed that there are some
of the early and later generations of Muslims who said that it is the human's
physique and their faculties, and these faculties are prone to destruction and
disaster, and it is because of this the human does not have the capacity to
receive a vision of Allah. But, in the Everlasting Life, our physique will be
different and our faculties enhanced so that we will be given the strength to
endure, and so it is that the lights of the inner eyes and hearts will be
illumined.
Malik, Anas's son explained, "Allah is not
seen in this life because He is Enduring, and the Enduring cannot be seen by those
who are passing. However, in the Everlasting Life we will be given enduring
eyes, so the Enduring will be seen by the enduring."
This is an excellent point. However, it does not
prove that a vision is impossible except in the case of the weakness of faculties.
But Allah is the Strengthener and if He wills strengthens whosoever He chooses
of His worshipers and gives them the power to bear the vision, such being the
case it is not forbidden to him. Both the power of the sight of Prophets
Muhammad and Moses, peace be upon them, together with their perception was
attained through Divine Power that Allah had given them so that they could
perceive what they perceived and see what they saw. Allah knows best.
Judge Abu Bakr Al Baqilani was asked about this
verse and said that its meaning is that Moses saw Allah and that was the reason
why he fell down senseless, and that when the mountain saw its Lord it became
crushed and leveled due to the special perception Allah created for it. This he
deduced from His words "But look at the mountain, if it remains firm in
its place, then shall you see Me. And when his Lord was revealed to the
mountain and caused it to be crushed and leveled Moses fell down
senseless." 7:143. His revealing to the mountain was the effect of His
Glory, from this it is understood that Moses actually saw his Lord during his
death but this is only an opinion as Moses said when he was revived,
"Forgive me." And did not explain any further. And Allah knows best.
Jafar, Muhammad's son is also of the same opinion
and further theorized that Allah preoccupied Moses with the mountain so that He
might see the effect of His Glory on the mountain, thereupon Moses died .
It has also been said that Moses saw the demise
of the mountain, and that by seeing its demise it is proof that it is
permissible to say that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, saw
Allah and there is nothing in the verse that would forbid it.
The event, coupled with the Prophet's witnessing
is from the Kingdom of the Unseen, and unless someone is taught by Allah no one
has knowledge.
As for the visions being necessary for Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and the verse that reads "He
saw Him with his eyes ", there is yet again nothing to forbid this and
one must rely on the two verses in the chapter "The Star" that read, "His
heart did not lie about what he saw. What, will you dispute with him about what
he sees! 53:11-12 coupled with what was mentioned earlier, it is
permissible to say that this is most likely factual. However there is no
Prophetic saying reported on this matter since it was personal to the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, in the same way that the verse at the beginning
of the chapter tells us, "Allah has revealed to His worshiper what He
has revealed" was not explained, which is yet another indication to
the high rank of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the spiritual
secrets and merits he possess.
As for the theories of Abbas' son and Abu Dharr,
they do not have chains of transmission traceable to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, they are opinions as to the explanation of the verse.
If one were to quote the transmission of Mu'adh,
it is open to interpretation and both its chain and text are insufficient.
Abu Dharr is reported to have mentioned another
prophetic saying, however the versions handed down to us vary and are obscure.
One rendering has the phrase "A light which I saw." Another of our
shaykhs said that he said, "I saw Him luminous" then, in another
version it reads, "I asked him and he said, 'I saw a light." It is
impossible to take any of these versions and use them as a proof for the
validity of the vision. If the sound version is the phrase, "I saw a
light," then it stands to reason he is in fact reporting that he did not
see Allah, and what he saw was a light that prevented him from seeing Allah,
"A light which I saw" would then refer to how he saw Him with the
veil of light that obscures the sight, and this is comparable to another saying
that reads, "His veil of Light". In another transmission, Abu Dharr
quotes, "I did not see Him with my eye, I saw Him with my heart."
Then he recited the verse "Then he drew near, and became close."
53:8
Allah is able to do anything He wills and is able
to create in the heart the perception which normally belongs to the eye or
whatsoever He determines - there is no god except Him!
If a prophetic saying with a defining text had
been transmitted on this subject, there is no doubt it would have been believed
and relied upon, since there is no absolute impossibility that it could have
occurred. Allah gives success to what is correct.
With regard to the meaning of this verse one
finds a difference in opinion between Abbas' son, Ikrima, Hasan Al Basri and
Masood's son. Abbas' son and Ikrima both interpret it with the meaning that he
saw Him with his heart. Whereas Hasan Al Basri and Masood's son said it was
Gabriel whom the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him saw. This is a good
conclusion, and Allah knows the truth. Regardless of which opinion you read,
you should understand that they never quantified Allah, nor did they address
Him with our human dictionary underneath layers of motives and reactions etc.
Section 6 - The conversation between Allah and His Prophet
[Judge Eyad
presents different rich opinions relating to the journey that were narrated
down to each group, while he and the subject matter experts hold that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, started by vision spiritual ascent which
in turn graduated him to the final miraculous actual ascent in both body and
spirit, and that final state is what caused the debate of the unbelievers flair
since a vision is incontestable.]
In reference to the wondrous events of the Night
Journey, Allah tells us, "so (Allah) revealed to His worshiper that
which he revealed " 53:10. Most commentators say that Allah revealed
to Gabriel, and thereafter Gabriel revealed it to Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him.
Jafar Muhammad As Sadek's son approaches the
explanation of this verse differently. He is of the opinion that Allah revealed
directly to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, without an intermediary.
This opinion is endorsed by a similar saying of Al Wasiti.
Al Ashari, and other theologians rely upon the
transmissions of Masood's son and Abbas' son, and believe that Allah spoke to
our beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, during the Night Journey.
However, others differ. An- Naqqash quotes the transmission of Abbas' son who
said that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said referring to the
Words of Allah, "then he drew near, and became close" 53:8
that 'Gabriel raised me up and the sounds were severed from me so I could not
hear them. Then, I heard my Lord say, 'Calm yourself Muhammad, draw near, draw
near.'
These opinions pivot upon the Words of Allah that
say, "It does not belong to any human that Allah should speak to him
except by Revelation, or from behind a veil, or that He sent a Messenger to
reveal whatsoever He will by His Permission." 42:51. Such persons are
of the opinion that this verse consists of three categories:
1. "from behind a veil" as when He spoke to Moses
2. "or, that He sent a Messenger to reveal" - all the
prophets, and most of the Revelations given to Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, were received via the angel.
3. "so (Allah)
revealed to His worshiper that which he revealed ". The only form of
speech remaining is that of direct speech together with its witnessing. It has
been explained that this "revelation" is what He casts into the heart
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, without an intermediary.
Imam Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, spoke in
connection with a prophetic quotation relating to the Night Journey that sheds
light upon the way in which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, listened
to these words. He said, "The angel said, 'Allah is Greater, Allah is
Greater!' and I was told from behind the veil, 'My worshiper has spoken the
truth, I am Greater, I am Greater.'"
The dilemma of this transmission and the
previously mentioned transmission by An Naqqash will be discussed later on in
detail.
It is permissible to say that Allah spoke to
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and any of His other selected
prophets, and there is nothing in the Islamic Law that definitively forbids it.
If there was a proven sound Prophetic quotation, it would of course take
preference and be relied upon.
It is an established fact that Allah spoke to
Moses and the proof is the definitive text of the Koran and it is grammatically
emphasized. We are told in a transmission that Allah raised Moses' position to
the seventh heaven because it was there that He spoke to him. As for Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, Allah raised him above this so that he
reached the plain where he heard the scratching of pens. Therefore, how can it
be claimed that it is impossible or even unlikely for him to have heard His
speech in this manner? Exaltations be to the One who sets apart those whom He
chooses for whatsoever He wills and elevates some of the prophets above others!
Section 7 - The proximity of the Prophet and his nearness
[Judge Eyad
presents different rich opinions relating to the journey that were narrated
down to each group, while he and the subject matter experts hold that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, started by vision spiritual ascent which
in turn graduated him to the final miraculous actual ascent in both body and
spirit, and that final state is what caused the debate of the unbelievers flair
since a vision is incontestable.]
The transmissions and prophetic quotations that
relate to his drawing near and his proximity during the Night Journey of which
Allah says, "then he drew near, and became close he was but two bows'
length or even nearer. " 53:8-9 have been explained in several ways.
"He drew near" and "became close" can refer
to either Gabriel or Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, or that it
could be in both cases Gabriel or Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him. Or, that it might be in reference to the Lote Tree of the Ending.
Ar-Razi and Abbas' son have been reported as
saying that it is Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, who drew near
and became close to his Lord. It has also been reported by Makki and Al Mawardi
that he said it was Allah who drew near to Prophet Muhammad, meaning His
command and judgement drew near.
Al Hasan tells us, "Allah drew near to His
worshiper Muhammad, and came close to him, and showed him whatsoever He willed
to show him of His power and immensity."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
'Gabriel raised me and the sounds were severed from me and I heard the words of
my Lord, the Mighty and Majestic.'"
Anas informs us that "Gabriel ascended with
him to the Lote Tree of the Ending, and the Majestic Lord of Might drew near
and became close until He was but the distance of two bows' lengths or nearer.
Then Allah revealed to him what He willed and revealed the fifty prayers to
him."
Jafar, Muhammad's son said, "The drawing
near of Allah cannot be defined nor yet its limit, whereas the worshiper's
human drawing near is limited." He also said, "How it occurred cannot
be applied to the drawing near. Do you not see how Gabriel was veiled from His
drawing near? Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, drew near and
believed in his own heart. He became close through the tranquility of his heart
with that which drew near when both doubt and hesitation were removed from his
heart."
It should be understood that drawing near and
nearness to or from Allah is not comparable to a nearness of place or even
proximity in space, or human dimensions.
The drawing near to his Lord of our beloved
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and his nearness to Him is apparent on
account of his honorable rank, the splendor of the lights, his witnessing of
the secrets of the unseen world of Allah, coupled to His power and that
kindness, coolness and generosity came to him from Allah.
With regard to the Prophet's words, "Our
Lord descends to the nearest heaven" this should be viewed by
interpretation, because an aspect of descent is that of granting favors,
subtleness, acceptance and kindliness. On this subject Al Wasiti said,
"Whosoever surmises that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, drew
near perceives this in terms of distance. Anything that draws near to Allah,
the Real, hangs in the distance. In other words far from one's comprehension of
its reality, this is because to the Real neither our human understanding of
nearness nor distance applies."
He continued to expand upon the part of the verse
that reads "Two bows' lengths or nearer." Saying if one were to make
the pronoun refer to Allah and not Gabriel then one makes it a statement
relating to the limit of nearness, the subtle of the proximity, clarification
of faith and honor for Muhammad. What it does refer to is the fulfillment of
his want, the granting of his request, the welcoming of Allah all these were
coupled to the increase of his position and the blessed rank Allah bestowed
upon him. In the same way that His words, 'When he draws near to Me by the span
of a hand, I draw near to him by the span of an arm. Whosoever comes to Me
walking, I come to him running', nearness occurs by answering, acceptance, the
gifting of goodness, and the acceleration for that which is hoped. As fir the
nearness in regard to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, it is the
admitting him to the highest Angelic and Spiritual Assembly, of this Abu Yazid
Bustami said, 'The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, has over 1,000 ranks
each of which is like an ocean in magnitude, if I were to come near the lesser
of them I would be burned.'"
Section 8 -
The preceding of the Prophet before the people on the Day of Resurrection
There are many authentic prophetic sayings
relating to the Prophet's exalted and honored position on the Day of
Resurrection.
Anas tells us that one day the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, spoke of the events that will occur on the Day of
Resurrection. He said, "When mankind are revived, I will be the first to
emerge, and I will be their spokesman when they arrive. When they despair, I
will give them good news. The Banner of Praise will be in my hand. I am the
noblest of the children of Adam before my Lord, and this is no boast."
In another rendering Rabi', son of Anas said,
"I will be the first of people to emerge when they are revived and I will
be their leader when they arrive and their spokesman when they are silent. I
will be their intercessor when they are restrained, and I will give them good
news when they despair, and the Banner of Praise will be in my hand. I am the
noblest of all the children of Adam with my Lord, and this is no boast. A
thousand youths of Paradise will go about me as if they were hidden
pearls."
Abu Hurayrah reports that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "I will be robed in a robe of the Garden, and I
will stand on the right of the Throne where no created being other than I will
stand."
He also reported, "I will be the Master of
the Children of Adam on the Day of Resurrection, the first for whom the tombs
split open, and the first to intercede and the first whose intercession is
accepted."
Abu Sayeid Al Khudri tells us that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, spoke of the position of all the prophets on the
Day of Resurrection, saying, "On the Day of Resurrection I will be the
master of the Children of Adam and the Banner of Praise will be in my hand, and
this is not a boast. All the prophets from the time of Adam will come under my
banner, and I will be the first for whom the earth splits open, and this is no
boast."
Abbas' son tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, spoke of his accepted intercession and the opening of the
Gates to the Garden, saying, "On the Day of Resurrection, I will be the
bearer of the Banner of Praise, and this is no boast. I will be the first to
intercede and the first whose intercession is accepted, and this is no boast. I
will be the first to knock at the Gates of the Garden and they will be opened
for me and I will enter accompanied by impoverished believers, and this is no
boast. Amongst the first and the last I will be the most honored, and this is
no boast."
Anas heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, say, "I will be the first of all people to intercede in the Garden,
and I will be the one with the most followers." He also heard, "On
the Day of Resurrection, I will be the master of people. Do you know why this
will be? (It is because) Allah will gather the first and the last ...."
Abu Hurayrah heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "It is my hope that on the Day of Resurrection I will be
the prophet with the greatest wage."
We are also told amongst other matters of the
request of Prophet Abraham, peace be upon him, on the Day of Resurrection. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "Aren't you
satisfied that Abraham and Jesus will be among you on the Day of Resurrection?
On the Day of Resurrection they will be among my nation and Abraham will say, 'You
are the answer to my supplication and my descendant, so let me be placed
amongst your nation.' All the prophets are brothers with one father and
different mothers, Jesus is my brother and no prophet came between him and
myself, because of this I am the closest person to him."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
indicated that on that Day, it is he alone who will be given the mastery and
intercession. This is because mankind will not find refuge in any other prophet
and seek refuge with him. When a person is in need he seeks the help of a
master, and on that Day it is he alone among all mankind who will be given
mastery. There will be none to share with him or claim otherwise.
Allah says, "And who is the Owner of the
Kingdom on that Day? Allah, the One, the Conqueror!" 40:16. Both this
world and the Everlasting world belong to Allah, and those who laid claim to
their ownership will be severed, and there is no doubt that Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, will be given mastery over us all in the
Everlasting Life.
Anas heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, say, "On the Day of Resurrection, I will approach the Gate of the
Garden and ask for it to be opened. Its guardian will inquire, 'Who are you?'
and I will reply 'Muhammad', whereupon he will say, 'It is because of you that
I was ordered not to open the door to anyone before you.'"
The following prophetic quotation describes the
Pool (Kawthar) of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. It has been widely
reported and include such narrators as Amr, Abdullah's son, Anas, Lady Ayesha
and her sister Asma, may Allah be pleased with all of them, and from them we
learn that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him said, "The length of
a journey across my pool is that of a month. Its water is whiter than silver
and its fragrance is sweeter than musk. Its vessels are like the stars in the
heaven and whosoever drinks from it will never thirst again." Abu Dharr
reported a similar saying, but gave details that its length is the distance between
Aden and Syria, and that streams from the Garden flow into it.
Section 9 -
The selection of Prophet Muhammad, over and above all of the creation for the
receivership of the Love of Allah and the closeness of His friendship
There are many authenticated prophetic quotations
that speak of our Prophet's selection over and above all of the creation of
Allah as being "The beloved of Allah" and Muslims often refer to him
by this title.
There is a difference between the exalted titles
of "close friend" and "beloved" and these will be
explained.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of his closeness to Abu Bakr saying, "If I were to have taken a close
friend other than my Lord, I would have taken Abu Bakr."
We are also informed that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said "Your companion (referring to himself) is the
close friend of Allah" and this is endorsed by the transmission from
Abdullah, Masood's son in his narration, "Allah took your companion as a
close friend."
Several of the Companions had gathered and waited
for the arrival of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and during this
time they spoke to one another about the ranks of the prophets. Abbas' son
reported that when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, came out he overheard
their conversation, one of whom was saying, "How astounding, Allah took
Abraham from His creation as His close friend," Another said, "It is
even more astounding that He spoke directly to Moses!" Whereupon another
said, "Jesus is the word of Allah and His created spirit." And
another said, "Allah chose Adam!" Having heard their comments, the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, greeted them and told them that he had
heard what they were saying and noticed that they were astounded that Allah had
chosen Abraham as a close friend, and confirmed that this was so. He said,
"You also expressed your amazement that Allah took Moses as a close
friend, and this too is so. You also spoke of Jesus as being the created spirit
of Allah, and this is so, and that Adam was chosen and this is so. I am the
beloved of Allah, and I am not boasting. I will be the Bearer of the Banner of
Praise on the Day of Resurrection, and this is not a boast. I will be the first
to intercede and the first whose intercession is accepted, and this is not a
boast. I will be the first to knock at the Gate of the Garden and Allah will
cause it to be opened for me and let me enter together with the poor believers,
and this is not a boast. From the first to the last I am the most honored or
all, and this is not a boast."
In addition to the preceding Prophetic quotation,
Abu Hurayrah reported that Allah said to His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, "I have taken you for a close friend, and written in the Torah is
'the Beloved of the Merciful.'"
There are differences in opinion regarding the
terminology "close friend" and the root word from which it is
derived. There are those who say the Arabic word "khalil", meaning
'close friend', also bears the definition of "devoted to Allah." This
is because people who attain such a rank of devotion, or love of Allah are not
detached from one another. Another opinion is that the word "khalil"
can be taken as meaning "chosen", and that Allah selected this word
in preference to others. It has also been said that the root of the word is
derived from "taking a matter to be pure".
Prophet Abraham was called the close friend of
Allah "khalilu'llah" on account of the ultimate intensity of his
devotion to Allah. The friendship of Allah to Abraham was that He made him
victorious and a role model. On the other hand, there are those who define the
root of "khalil", which is "khulla" meaning "in
need" as being "a poor person in need". Abraham was known by
this title because his need was only in his Lord and he was devotedly dependant
upon Him for his needs and did not depend upon others. We recall how when
Abraham was about to be cast into the fire, Gabriel came to him and asked,
"Are you in need of anything?" whereupon he replied, "No, I am
not in need of anything from you."
Abu Bakr Furack's son defined the word
"khulla" with the meaning of "pure love that necessitates a
person being singled out for being infused by secrets."
It has also been said that the root of the word
"khulla" is love, and incorporates kindness, help, raising and
intercession. This is founded in the verse that reads, "The Jews and
Christians say, 'We are the children of Allah and His loved ones. ' Say (Prophet
Muhammad), 'Why then does He punish you for your sins?' 5:18. It is
inconceivable that if a person is beloved, that he should be punished for his
sins!
The Prophethood has perspectives between people
and the prophet, whereas the friendship has a perspective between Allah and
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, which makes it very special.
Because of their devotion to Allah, both Prophets
Abraham and Muhammad, peace be upon them, were titled "close
friends." They looked to Him for all their needs and severed themselves
from needing anyone else. And, it was either because of the greatness of the
concealed kindness of Allah to them, and the disclosed knowledge of the Divine
secrets they received, as well as the matters of the Unseen worlds and faith
with which they were infused in their inner self that they forsook other means
and causes. Or, because their hearts had been purified from anything other than
Him, so that love for anything else was prevented from reaching them. For this
reason a scholar said, "A person who is 'khalil' is one whose heart has no
room for anyone other than Him." Accordingly the same scholar is of the
opinion that this is what the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, referred
to when he said, "If I were to have taken a close friend other than my
Lord, I would have taken Abu Bakr, however, in Islam there is
brotherhood."
Opinions vary among the knowledgeable masters of
the matters relating to the heart as to which is the higher degree and the
question arises is it the degree of close friendship, or the degree of love the
higher? On the other hand there are those who consider both degrees as being
equal to one another saying that the beloved is a close friend and a close
friend is also the beloved. But then, Prophet Abraham was given the degree of
close friendship and Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon them both, was given the
beloved status.
In support of the opinion that the degree of
friendship is higher, one of the scholars quotes the saying of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, that says, "If I were to have taken a close
friend other than my Lord ..." but he did not do so and we find him using
the word 'love' to his daughter Lady Fatima, her sons, as well as Osama and
others.
The consensus of most scholars is that "love"
is higher than "friendship". To sustain this opinion they use as
their proof that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, was given the
title of the "Beloved" whereas Prophet Abraham, peace be upon him,
was titled "Close Friend" .
One must examine the human basis of love and know
that it is the inclination of what the beloved finds pleasing. The love of
Allah is not connected to unessential matters. Rather, His love for His
worshipers is comprised of happiness, protection, success, and affairs that
bring him/her closer and His Mercy that overflows upon the recipient. The
highest degree is reached when the veils of the heart are removed so that the
worshiper sees Him with his heart and looks at Him with his inner eye. This is
supported by the Divine quotation that tells us, "When I (Allah) love him
I am his hearing by which he hears, the sight by which he sees, and his tongue
by which he speaks." One should understand by this that there is nothing
better for a worshiper other than seclusion for the sake of Allah, devotion to
Him, the turning away from anything other than Allah, the purity of heart and
sincerity of actions for the sake of Allah.
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, was
asked about the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and said, "His
character was the Koran, and his pleasure was its pleasure and his anger was
its anger."
It is an undoubted fact that Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, was blessed to be the receiver of not only the
quality of close friendship but also the very special quality of love.
When the unbelievers said, "Muhammad means
we should love him just as the Christians love Jesus, the son of Mary",
but should not associate him as a son, Allah sent down the verse that reads "Say,
(Prophet Muhammad), 'If you love Allah, follow me and Allah will love you and
forgive your sins." 3:31. And His anger towards them becomes apparent
in the following verse that tells us, "Say, 'Obey Allah and His
Messenger.' But if they turn away, then truly, Allah does not love the
unbelievers. " 3:32. In this verse Allah increased the honor the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Note how He issued the command to obey
His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in connection with obedience to
Himself - this is followed by the warning if they choose to turn away, "then
truly, Allah does not love the unbelievers."
A theologian explained the difference between
love and close friendship. He said that the close friend reaches Allah through
an intermediary. To support his explanation he quoted the verses "And
so We showed Abraham the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, so that he might
be of those who are certain. " 6:75 whereas He indicated that the
beloved, Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, reaches Allah by Allah
in the verse "he was but a bows' length or even nearer" 53:9.
It has also been said that the limit of the close
friend is the desire for forgiveness. Allah quotes the saying of Abraham,
"and whom I am eager shall forgive me my sins."26:82. Whereas
the one who is the beloved is absolutely certain that he will be forgiven, and
this is supported in the verse that reads, "that Allah forgives your
past and future sins, and completes His Favor to you and guides you on a
Straight Path. " 48:2.
We refer back to Prophet Abraham whose rank is
that of the close friend and the verse in which he said, "and whom I am
eager shall forgive me my sins." 26:82 and now to the verse "Allah
will not degrade the Prophet and those who believe with him. Their light will
run before them on their right hands." 66:8.
The 'close friend' Abraham said, "And
appoint me a tongue of truthfulness among the latter."26:82. Whereas
Prophet Muhammad, 'the beloved', was told, in the verse "Allah will not
degrade the Prophet and those who believe with him." 66:8. Note how
the glad tiding was given to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, before
the questioning.
In times of affliction note how the close friend
says, "Allah is sufficient for us" 3:173. Whereas it
was said to Prophet Muhammad, the Beloved, praise and peace be upon him, "O
Prophet, Allah suffices you and whosoever follows you of the believers."
8:64.
And Abraham, the close friend of Allah is quoted
in the Koran saying, "And appoint me a tongue of truthfulness among the
latter." 26:82, while Allah said to the Beloved Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, "The Last shall be better for you than
the First. " 93:4
"O family of the house, Allah only wishes to
distance fault from you, and to cleanse you. " 33:33.
The preceding information is sufficient to give
one a glimpse into the superiority of the rank, degrees and status of Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and to the inform you of the opinions
of the scholars of Islam. Allah says, "Each human works in his own
manner. But your Lord knows very well who is best guided on the way. "
17:84
Section 10 - The intercession given to the
Prophet and his praiseworthy station
Allah tells Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, "Perhaps your Lord will raise you to a praiseworthy station.
" 17:79.
When the Prophet was asked about the meaning of
this verse, Abu Hurayrah reports him as saying, "It means
intercession."
Omar's son said, "On the Day of Resurrection
people will arrive kneeling. Each nation will follow their prophet asking, 'O
so-and-so, intercede for us!' And this will continue until the intercession is
given to Prophet Muhammad. It is on that Day that Allah will raise Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, to the Praiseworthy Station."
On the subject of the Praiseworthy Station, Ka'b,
Malik's son heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, say, "On the
Day of Resurrection, all the people will be gathered together. I and my nation
will be on a hill and my Lord will clothe me in a robe of green and give me
permission. Then, I will say what Allah wills me to say - that is the
Praiseworthy Station."
Omar's son said, "He will advance and knock
at the Gates of the Garden. It is on that Day that Allah will grant him the
promised Praiseworthy Station."
Masood's son tells us, "The Prophet will
stand on the right of the Throne in a station where he alone will stand, and
the first and the last will be envious." He also tells us that when he
said, "I will stand in the Praiseworthy Station" he was asked, what
it is, whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "On
that Day, Allah is in control of His Throne."
One day the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, spoke of a choice he had been given, and Abu Moses Al Ashari tells us he
said, "I was given a choice of either having half of my nation enter the
Garden, or being granted the intercession. I chose the intercession because it
is more encompassing. Do you think that it is on behalf of those who fear
Allah? Rather, it is for those who fall into error and sin."
Abu Hurayrah wanted to know more about the
intercession so he asked the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to speak
about it, whereupon he replied, "My intercession is for those who
sincerely bear witness that there is no god except Allah with his tongue which
confirms what is in his heart."
Habiba's mother heard Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, say, "I was shown by Allah what will happen to my
nation after me. They will shed the blood of one another, and this also occurred
in previous nations, and the same will happen to them. Because of this I asked
Allah that on the Day of Resurrection He grants me permission to intercede on
their behalf, and this He has done."
Hudhayfa informs us, "Allah will gather
mankind altogether after the Caller has called them on a wide plain. They will
be barefoot and as naked as when they were created. All will be silent, no one
will speak except by the permission of Allah. There will be call, 'Muhammad.'
And he will reply, 'Obedient to You! Goodness is in Your Hands, evil is not
(attributed) to You. The one You guide is guided and Your worshiper is here in
Your presence, Yours, to You. Except with You there is no place of safety or
refuge. You are the Blessed and Exalted. Glory be to You, the Lord of the
House.'" Hudhayfa also said, "That is the Praiseworthy Station of
which Allah has spoken."
Abbas' son spoke of the people of Paradise and
Hell, saying, "When the people of the Fire enter it, and the people of the
Garden enter therein, and their remains only the last band of those to enter
the Garden and the last band of those to enter the Fire, the band of those of
the Fire will say to the band of those of the Garden, 'Your belief has not been
of help to you!' They will call shouting, out to their Lord, and the people of
the Garden will hear them, and they will ask Adam and the other prophets after
him to intercede on their behalf. Each prophet will refrain with an excuse
until they come to Muhammad who will intercede for them - that is the Praiseworthy
Station."
Jabir, Abdullah's son asked Yazid Al Faqir
whether he had heard something about the station of Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, where upon he replied that he had and said, "It is
the Praiseworthy Station of Muhammad through which Allah will release from the
Fire whosoever comes from it." Then he recalled the famous prophetic
quotation of intercession that speaks of the release of people from Hell.
Anas and several other Companions reported
something similar and said that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, also
said, "Allah will join the first and the last on the Day of Resurrection.
They will be anxious, or consumed,
and say, 'If only we could seek intercession with
our Lord!'" It is also reported that "People will search amongst each
other."
Concerning the circumstances of that Day, Abu
Hurayrah tells us of the occasion when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, spoke giving more details of the Day of Resurrection saying, "I will
be the master of all people on the Day of Resurrection. Do you know how that
will be? On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will assemble all mankind, the first
and the last, on a wide plain so that they will all be visible and able to hear
the Caller. On that Day the sun will be very near to mankind and they will
undergo tremendous suffering and grief. They will say among themselves, 'Do you
realize what we are in and what has befallen us? Can you find someone who might
intercede for you with your Lord? Some will say to the other, Adam is your
father', and they will go to him and say 'O Adam, you are the father of
mankind. Allah created you with His Hands and breathed into you of His spirit,
and commanded the angels to bow down towards you and let you live in the
Garden. Won't you intercede for us with your Lord? Don't you see our condition
and the intense suffering that has overtaken us?' Adam will say, 'My Lord is
angry today in a way in which He has never been angered before, and He will
never be angered like it again. He forbade me to eat of a certain tree but I
disobeyed Him. I am afraid for myself, for myself, for myself. Go to someone
else. Go to Noah.
So they will go to Noah and say, 'O Noah, you
were the first Messenger to the people of the world, and Allah called you a
grateful worshiper. Look at our condition, see how we suffer. Won't you
intercede for us with your Lord?' He will tell them, 'My Lord is angry today,
in a way in which He has never been angered before, and He will never be
angered like it again. I was given one chance of supplication and I supplicated
for my nation, I am afraid for myself, for myself, for myself. Go to someone
else, go to Abraham.'
So they will go to Abraham and say, 'O Abraham,
you are the Prophet of Allah, His friend, chosen from the inhabitants of the earth,
please intercede for us with your Lord. You can see the predicament we are in!'
Abraham will tell them, 'My Lord is angry today in a way in which He has never
been angered before and He will never be angered like it again. I lied three
times. Myself, myself, myself, therefore go to someone else, go to Moses.
So they will go to Moses and say, 'O Moses, you
are a Messenger of Allah, Allah honored you and favored you with His Message
and His Speech above the people, please intercede for us with your Lord! Can't
you see our condition?' He will say, 'My Lord is angry today in a way in which
He has never been angered before. I killed a person whom I had not been ordered
to kill. I am afraid for myself, for myself, for myself, go to someone else, go
to Jesus.
So they will go to Jesus and say, 'Jesus, you are
the Messenger of Allah and His Word which He conveyed to Mary and a created
spirit from Him, and you talked to people when you were in your cradle. Please
intercede for us with your Lord, look at our circumstances!' Jesus will say,
'My Lord is angry today in a way in which He has never been angered before.' He
will not mention a sin, but say, 'I am afraid for myself, myself, for myself,
go to someone else, go to Muhammad.
(Regarding the saying of Prophet Jesus not
mentioning a sin there are other narrations that report that his fear will be
on account of people who erroneously worshiped him, and also the verses in
Koran that state that they and what they worship will be the fuel of Hell.)
Then they will come to me and say, 'O Muhammad,
you are the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets. Allah has forgiven
you all your shortcomings, the first and the last, please, intercede for us
with your Lord. Look at the condition we are in!' Then I will proceed towards
the Throne and fall prostrate before my Lord, then Allah will give me knowledge
of His Praise and Glorification, the like of which has never been given to any
before me. Then He will say to me, 'O Muhammad, raise your head and supplicate,
you will be given, intercede and your intercession will be accepted.' Thereupon
I will raise my head and supplicate. 'My nation, O Lord, my nation. O Lord, my
nation, O Lord.' And Allah will say, 'O Muhammad, take into Paradise through
its Gate those on the right, and those who are not subject to the accounting;
the remainder will be admitted along with other people through the various
gates of Paradise.'
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, added, 'By Him in whose Hands is my life, the distance between two gates
of Paradise will be as wide as the distance between Mecca and Hijr, or between
Mecca and Basra.'"
Anas reported a similar quotation but said that
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Then I will fall down in
prostration and I will be told, 'Muhammad, raise your head. Speak and you will
be heard, intercede and it will be granted, ask and you will be given.' I will
say, 'O Lord, give me permission for the one who says: There is no god except
Allah."
Several other Companions reported similar sayings
including Abu Bakr, Ukba Amir's son, Abu Sa'id Al Khudri and Hudhayfa. Hudhayfa
tells us of the quotation that relates to the Bridge over the Fire of Hell,
saying, "They will come to Muhammad and he will be granted permission.
Then the trust and kinship will come and stand on either side of the
Bride" (to harm those who are guilty of cheating the trust and severing
the kinship). He also informs us that "They will come to Muhammad and he
will intercede. The Bridge will be established and the first of them will pass
over like lightening, the next like the wind, the next like a bird and the next
running, while our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is on the Bridge
supplicating, 'O Allah, grant safety, grant safety!' For as long as it takes
for all mankind to cross."
Abu Hurayrah heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "I will be the first to pass over."
Abbas' son informs us that he said, "Pulpits
will be set up for the prophets on which they will sit. My pulpit will be there,
but I will not sit on it, rather I will remain standing before my Lord, and
Allah will ask, 'What do you want Me to do with your nation?' Whereupon I will
reply, O Lord, make their reckoning quick. Then He will call for them and they
will be judged. Some will enter the Garden by His Mercy, and some will enter it
by my intercession. I will continue to intercede until He gives clemency to
selected persons who have been condemned to the Fire. The Guardian of the Fire
will say, 'Muhammad, you have not left any room for the anger of your Lord
against your nation!'''
To summarize these quotations, the intercession
of our Beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and his Praiseworthy
Station stretches from the first intercession to the last. His intercession
will alleviate mankind when they stand in wait for the final Reckoning with
throats constricted, sweating under the intense heat of the sun. When the
Bridge is established and mankind judged, he will hasten those who are not
called to account through his intercession. Thereafter, he intercedes for those
who are subject to be punished and go to Hell, then he will intercede for all
those who say, "There is no god except Allah" and no other prophet is
able to do this.
From the well known quotation of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, we learn, "Each prophet has a supplication
which he makes. I have reserved my supplication for intercession for my nation
on the Day of Resurrection."
From the preceding quotation, the scholars of
Islam say that the supplication of our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
is one which he is certain will be answered, and their wishes will thereby be
fulfilled. The true value of our Prophet's intercession cannot be estimated.
When other prophets supplicate they waver between hope and fear, and their
supplication is guaranteed for them as long as they are without doubt, certain
that it will be answered.
Abu Hurayrah quotes the saying of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, "Each prophet has an answered supplication
which he uses for his nation. It is my wish to delay my supplication and use it
to intercede for my nation on the Day of Resurrection." To this Abu Salih
added, "Each prophet has an answered supplication, however each prophet
has already supplicated."
The supplication of our Beloved Prophet, may
Allah praise and venerate him and grant him perfect peace, is specific for his
nation, and its answer is guaranteed.
Our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said
that he asked for his nation certain things in both religion and in worldly
affairs and that some were granted and others withheld. He hoards this
supplication for the Day of Poverty, the Seal of all Afflictions, the time of
unanswerable questions and unquenched desires. May Allah shower him with a
repayment better than any other prophet has been repaid by his nation. May
Allah praise him and grant him perfect peace continuously, abundantly and
increasingly now and throughout all eternity.
Section 11 - The River of Abundance (Kawthar) in the Garden
Abdullah, Amr's son heard the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, say, "When you hear the call to prayer repeat what he
says and ask for blessings upon me. Whosoever asks for blessings upon me once,
Allah will bless him tenfold. Then ask Allah to give me the position of going
between (wasila) and the intercession, that is a station in the Hereafter for
only one recipient of the worshipers of Allah, and it is my hope that I will be
that one. Whosoever asks Allah by this supplication will receive my
intercession."
Abu Hurayrah reported having heard that the
supplication is for the highest degree in the Garden.
We are given a glimpse of the River of Paradise
in a report by Anas who tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "When I was traveling through the Garden a river appeared
before me. Its banks were domes of pearls. I asked Gabriel, 'What is this?' He
replied, 'This is Kawthar which Allah has given you.' Then he struck the earth
(under Kawthar) with his hand and brought forth musk."
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her,
reported something similar with the addition, "It flows over pearls and
rubies, and its water is sweeter than honey and whiter than snow." We are
also told "It does not carve out a river bed as it flows, and there is a
pool to which my nation will come."
Also reported is that the water of Kawthar will
be channeled into the houses of each believer in Paradise.
Abbas' son narrates a similar quotation to which
is added, "Kawthar is the abundance of good given to him (Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him) by Allah."
Hudhayfa heard the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, say, "He has given me Kawthar, it is a river in the Garden and
flows into my Pool."
Allah says, "Your Lord will give you, and
you will be satisfied" 93:5. Abbas' son tells us that there are one
thousand castles of pearl and its earth is musk, and contains what is
appropriate for them to house." In another version we learn that what is
appropriate means the house, wives and youths.
Section 12 - The Prophetic Sayings relating to
the prohibition of differentiating between the prophets
The proof that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace
be upon him, is the noblest of all mankind and the best of all the prophets has
been established and proven in both the Koran and prophetic quotations.
The question arises as to the meaning of the
prophetic quotations that speak of the prohibition against stating that there
is any preference amongst them. You will recall earlier we mentioned the
prophetic saying, "No worshipper should say that I am better than Jonah
Matta's son." A similar statement is reported by Masood's son.
Abu Hurayrah also reported an incident when a Jew
said, "By the One whose chose Moses over mankind." Whereupon an Ansar
hit him saying, "How dare you say this when the Messenger of Allah, peace
be upon him, is among us!" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
happened to overhear what was said and said, "Do not make differences
between the prophets."
Again, Abu Hurayrah reported the Prophet to have
said, "Whosoever says I am better than Jonah Matta's son has lied."
One day a man came to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and addressed him saying, "O best of mankind!" He
replied, "That is Abraham."
Scholars explain the meanings of these quotations
in several ways. It has been explained that the prohibition occurred before he
was informed that he was the Master of the children of Adam, so consequently he
forbade anyone to differentiate between them in the rank of prophethood and its
common core.
Another explanation is that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, said it out of humility and to forbid pride and
arrogance.
Others explained the saying with the meaning that
if there was differentiation between them it could either lead to the lessening
or detracting from the status of any one of them, a case in particular is what
Allah said about Prophet Jonah. Scholars explain that this is in order to
prevent the unknowledgeable person belittling or lessening his high rank on
account of the verse, "He went away in anger thinking We had no power
over him." 21:87. When reading this verse such a person might incline
to think that he was lesser in rank.
It has also been explained that it is the
prohibition of differentiating between the Prophethood and the delivery of the
Message. All the prophets are equal in this respect and consequently there is
no difference. However, there is differentiation between the prophets regarding
the elevation of their states, miracles, election, rank and kindness.
Although all have them they are common on the
core of prophethood, we should reserve some differentiation. This is because
Allah Himself has favored some of them above others for example there are
Messengers who received a message, and Messengers who possess resolution and
firmness, as one finds in Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad, or Idris -
the one who has been raised to a high position. John - the one who was given
judgement when he was an young. David - the one who was given the Psalms. Jesus
- the one who was given clear signs. Moses to whom Allah spoke to, and others
whom Allah raised in degree. Allah tells us, "We have preferred some
prophets above others." 17:55. And, "Of these Messengers, We
have preferred some above others." 2:253.
A scholar of Islam commented on the word
"preferred" saying, "Preference is that of preferring them in
this world, and of this there are three aspects:
1. The greatness and prominence of their signs and miracles.
2. The purity and size of their nation.
3. The quality and prominence.
To clarify the third aspect, it is that it refers
to the generous gifts highlighting the honor given specially to them by Allah
and included such eliteness as being selected for direct speech, favors and
close friendship.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
spoke of Prophet Jonah saying, "Prophethood has heavy loads and Jonah was
unable to carry them, in a similar way that a weak, young camel is unable to
carry a heavy load."
One finds that the Prophet's conduct was always
guarded against saying or doing anything that could be used as a source of
dissension, because there are those who would not hesitate to belittle the
prophethood of Jonah, peace be upon him, and disregard the fact that he was
among those who were chosen. It was an act of compassion on behalf of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, for his nation.
Another explanation is the possibility that the
word "I" refers to the speaker, in other words no one should think
that he is better than Jonah because of the Words of Allah concerning him. The
degree of prophethood is better and higher and therefore its value cannot be
diminished by even an atom.
Allah willing, (inshaAllah), we will discuss this
matter further later in the book.
Success is from Allah, and He is the Helper -
there is no god except Him!
Section 13 - The excellence of the names given to the Prophet
Mutim, father of Jubair tells us of the names
given to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and tells us that he said,
"I have been given five names. I am Muhammad, I am Ahmad, I am Al Mahi
(the eraser) by whom Allah extinguishes disbelief. I am Al Hasher (the
gatherer) at whose feet mankind will gather, and I am Al Aqib (the last in
prophetic succession)."
One of the special gifts given to him by Allah
lies in the fact that Allah named him "Ahmad and Muhammad" both of
which are found in the Koran and derived from the Arabic root "to
praise" and this is also the same root that some of the finest Names of
Allah are derived. Therefore the creation praise the Creator with His Divine
praised, finest Name and also venerate His Prophet with his praised prophetic
name.
Of all those who praise Allah, Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, is the most excellent, and he is the best of all
those who are praised and the one who is most deserving of praise among
creation. On the Day of Resurrection, he will come as the bearer of the Banner
of Praise (to Allah) and this is will be the completion of the perfection of
the praise for him, and his Lord will, as promised, give him the Praiseworthy
Station. At that time and place, the first and last generations will thankfully
praise him for the intercession he makes for them, and as we learned in an
earlier part of this chapter, he will begin praising Allah in a way never
before given to anyone. In the previous Books given to the prophets, the nation
of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, are called "the praisers",
therefore it befits him that he is called Muhammad and Ahmad.
These two names are very special and contain not
only qualities but signs. Before Prophet Muhammad's advent, praise and peace be
upon him, no one had been called Ahmad. Allah in His wisdom had preserved them
especially for him. Even though the name Ahmad had been written in previous
scriptures proclaiming the good news of his coming, no one was called by it
before his coming. This blessing was a protection for mankind dispelling all
doubt and the confusion of the faint hearted.
The same can be said of his name Muhammad.
Neither Arabs nor non-Arabs knew of it until shortly before his birth when they
heard the news and that a person bearing this name had been selected to be a
prophet. When the news of his name became known six Arabs named their son
Muhammad in the hope that it would be their son who would be the chosen one,
but Allah had selected His Message to be placed with Muhammad, Abdullah's son.
The six Muhammad's were, the son of Uhayha whose grandfather was Al Julah Al
Awsi, the son of Maslama Al Ansari, the son of Barra Al Bakri, the son of
Sufyan whose grandfather was Mujashi, the son of Humran Al Jufi and the son of
Khuza'I As Sulami. Allah prevented all of them from claiming the Prophethood
and there was no contender amongst them and the names were established as being
his.
Of the Prophet's name "Al Mahi" - the
eraser, the one who would erase disbelief, it has been said that it might
possibly be because he erased disbelief from Mecca and other Arab lands that he
had prophesized would convert that came about after his passing. Or, that the
erasing of disbelief is referred to in general, meaning victory and overcoming
as Allah says, "It is He who has sent forth His Messenger with guidance
and the religion of truth to uplift it above every religion" 9:33.
This is explained in a prophetic quotation as meaning the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, is the one through whom the sins of his nation will be
erased.
His name "Al Aqib" - the last in
prophetic succession, is that no other prophet will come after him, he is the
last, the seal of the Prophethood. Allah speaks of him saying, "He is
the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." 33:40
His name "Al Hasher" - the gatherer, it
is because the people will be gathered at his feet. This name has also been
explained as meaning that all people will be gathered before him because Allah
says, "In order that you will be a witness above the people, and that
the Messenger be a witness above you." 2:143. It has also been said
that "gathered at his feet" is an indication of his precedence over
all others. Allah says, "that they stand firm with their Lord. "
10:2.
"Gathered at his feet" has also been
explained with the meaning in front and around him, and that it also refers to
his prophetic way.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is
known by more than five names, and those mentioned in this quotation are names
that existed in ancient scriptures and were known to previous nations.
Upon another occasion the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, spoke of others names he had been given, saying, "I
have ten names" then he mentioned the five in the previous quotation and
added "I am the Messenger of mercy, the Messenger of rest, the Messenger
of fierce battles (against satan and his army), I am the Tracker and followed
in the tracks of the prophets. I am the straight and the unifier.
In the unadulterated books of previous prophets
it is written that, Prophet David, peace be upon him, said, "O Allah, send
Muhammad to us it is such a long period to straighten the prophetic way. This
is also said to bear the same meaning of unifier.
At another time he told his Companions, "I
have seven names that are mentioned in the Koran: Muhammad, Ahmad, Yaseen, Taha,
Al Muddaththir (the cloaked), Al Muzzammil (the wrapped), and Abdullah."
The name "Taha" has been explained as meaning "O Pure" from
the Arabic word "Tahir', and "Yaseen', is explained with the meaning
"O Master".
The father of Moses Al Ashari tells us that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "I am Muhammad, Ahmad, the
Tracker, the Gatherer, the Prophet of Repentance, the Prophet of Fierce Battles
(against satan and his army), the Prophet of Mercy." In another report it
reads "The Prophet of Mercy and Rest."
Allah willing (inshaAllah), all these names are
correct.
Allah speaks of His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, saying, "We have not sent you except as a mercy to all the
worlds. " 21:107. He also says, "to recite to them His verses,
to purify them, and to teach them the Book and the Wisdom."62:2. Also,
"And guides them to a Straight Path"5:16 and He speaks of his
qualities saying, "he is gentle, merciful to the believers."9:128.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
spoke of his nation saying, "It is a nation that has been shown
mercy." Of his nation Allah says, "they charge each to be patient,
and charge each other to be merciful. " 90:17
In His Mercy, Allah sent Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, not only as a Prophet and a Messenger for his nation but
also for all mankind, and the one who asks for their forgiveness. Allah made
his nation one that shows mercy, and one to whom mercy is attributed. Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, commanded his follows to be merciful to
one another and praised this quality in them saying, "Allah loves those of
His worshipers who are merciful." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, encouraged his followers to be merciful and said, "The Merciful loves
those who are merciful, therefore show mercy to all upon the earth and
whosoever is in the heavens will show mercy to you."'
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
informed his Companions, "An angel came to me and told me I am "Al
Quthum" (the Gathered)." He told them that "Al Quthum" is
one who gathers good. This name was one by which the members of his household
frequently called him.
In the Koran, Allah calls His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, by many blessed names, some we have already mentioned.
Amongst those not already mentioned are the: Light, Luminous Lamp, Warner,
Bearer of Glad Tidings, Witness, Witnesser, Manifest Truth, Seal of all the
Prophets, Compassionate, Merciful, Trusty, Foot of Truthfulness, Mercy to all
the worlds, Blessing of Allah, Firmest Tie, Straight Path, Piercing Star,
Generous, Unlettered Prophet, and the Inviter to Allah.
In the ancient scriptures a wealth of other names
are to be found together with the mention of his attributes.
In his sayings one finds many other names that
were frequently used by his Companions and followers. These include names such
as the: Chosen, Selected, Father of Kasim, the Beloved, Messenger of the Lord
of the Worlds, Accepted, Intercessor, the Fearfully Aware, Amender, Outward,
Guardian, Truthful, Confirmer, Guide, Master of the Children of Adam, Master of
the Messengers, Leader of the Fearfully Aware, Leader of the Glorious Radiant
Ones, Beloved of Allah, Friend of the Merciful, Possessor of the Visited Pool,
Intercessor, the Praiseworthy Station, Possessor of Means, Excellence and the
High Degree, Possessor of the Crown, Ascended, Banner and Staff, Rider of
Burack, Owner of the She-Camel and the Fine Camel, the Possessor of Proof,
Power, Seal, Sign and the Evidence, Possessor of the Staff and the Possessor of
the Two Sandals.
Anas tells us that when the Prophet's son Abraham
was born, the Archangel Gabriel came to him and greeted him saying, "Peace
be upon you, Father of Abraham".
In the previous scriptures the following names
are found: the Relied Upon, the Chosen, the Estabisher of the Prophetic Way,
the Pure, the Spirit of Purity, the Spirit of the Real, the Paraclete.
Ka'b Al Ahbar informs us "Madh Madh" is
another name found in earlier scriptures and bears the meaning of,
"Excellent, excellent". He also tells us that the names,
"Hamtaya," "Al Khatim", and "Al Hatim" are also
recorded. Tha'lab explained the meanings of "Al Khatim" and "Al
Hatim" saying, "Al Khatim is the one who seals the Prophethood and
"Al Hatim" denotes the nature of his character and physical
attributes both of which are better than those given to the previous prophets.
Tha'lab also tells us that in the Syriac language
he was called "Mushaffah" and "Al Munhaminna" which means
the "Spirit of Purity". While Sirin's son informs us that in the
Torah he is called "Ahid".
The name "Possessor of the Staff"
refers to the sword. In the Gospel it is written "He will have a staff of
iron with which he will fight his nation." There is the possibility that
it refers to a long staff held by the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
similar to that of the Caliphs in later years. Allah knows best. Judge Eyad is
of the opinion that it is his staff mentioned in the prophetic sayings that
relates to his Pool that reads, "I will drive people away from it with my
staff for the sake of the People of the Right."
"The Crown" refers to his turban.
During his era a turban was worn only by the Arabs.
The preceding suffices as brief glimpse at his
blessed names, titles and qualities of which there are many more.
Section 14 -
The Honor of Allah to the Prophet by gifting him with some of His own Beautiful
Names and by describing him with some of His own splendid qualities.
Upon reflection, Judge Eyad said that he felt
this section would have been better placed earlier on in this reference as it
covers much of the same subject matter. However, he tells us that it was during
this period of writing that Allah expanded his chest and guided him to
discovery by illuminating his thoughts, and this enabled him to extract its
jewel.
We are told in the Holy Koran of the honor Allah
bestowed on many of His prophets by gifting them with some of His Own Names.
For example, he called Prophets Ishmael and Isaac "Alim" meaning the
"knowing" and their father Prophet Abraham "Halim" meaning
the "forbearing". Prophet Noah was bestowed with the name,
"Shakur" meaning "thankful" and both Prophets John and
Jesus were given the name "Barr", meaning "devoted".
Prophet Moses was blessed with the names "Karim" and
"Qawwi" meaning "noble" and "strong'. Prophet Joseph
was given the name "Hafidh Alim" meaning the "knowing
guardian", and Prophet Job was named "Sabur" meaning patient.
Prophet Ishmael was also called "Sadiq Al Wa'd" meaning "True to
the promise". Peace be upon all the prophets.
As for Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, one finds that Allah preferred, honored and adorned him with an abundance
of His Own Names, and that he was known by these names to earlier prophets.
There are approximately thirty gifted names, and
the author, Judge Eyad, humbly tells us that prior to this work, no one had
gathered them together. He tells us that in his research all he was able to
find in the works of others were just two names. (Approximately three-hundred
years later, Imam Al Jazuli listed in his work "Dala'il ul-Khayrat"
201 names of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.)
The Judge Eyad said, "As Allah inspired and
taught us, and verified these names and their meaning, Allah willing we will
now complete the blessing by clarifying what He has yet to show us on the
subject and unlock it."
We begin with His Name "Al Hamid" which
means "Praiseworthy. The meaning of this is the One who is praised because
Allah Himself praises Himself and His worshipers praise Him. It also bears the
meaning of the One who praises Himself and praises acts of obedience. Our
beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is called by two names both of
which mean praised, they are Muhammad and Ahmad and these names are mentioned
in the unadulterated Psalms of Prophet David. To shed more light, Ahmad bears
the meaning of the greatest of those who praise, and the most noble of those to
be praised.
Hasan, Thabit's son, the great poet, known for
his poetry praising the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, indicated to
this when he said, "For him it has been taken from His Own Name so that he
is ennobled".
Allah has called Himself, "the Gentle"
(Ar Ra'uf) and "the Absolute Merciful" (Ar Raheem). There is a
similarity between these two Names, and we find Him adorning His Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, with them in His Words, "and is gentle,
merciful to the believers. "
Amongst the Names of Allah is "the Clear
Truth" (Al Haqq Al Mubin). "The Truth" (Al Haqq) means that
which is existent and is an irrefutable reality. "Clear" (Al Mubin)
is the One whose Divinity is apparent. The Arabic verbs "Bana and
Abana" have the same meaning, that is to make clear to His worshipers the
religion and that they ultimately return to Him. Allah calls His Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, by this name saying "until the truth and
a clear Messenger came to them" 43:29. And, "I am a plain
warner" 15:89. Allah also refers to him saying, "O people, the
Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord." 4:170. And
He says, "they belied the truth when it came to them."6:5. It
has been said that the preceding refer to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, others say it means the Koran. However, what is understood is that it
is the opposite of falsehood. The Prophet's truthfulness and characteristics
are an irrefutable reality. "The clear" is he whose actions and
message are clear, or the one who clarifies what Allah sent him with. Allah
says, "so that you can make clear to people what has been sent down to
them." 16:44
Allah calls Himself "An Noor", meaning
"The Light". He is the Possessor of Light, the Creator, and
illuminates the heavens and the earth with lights. He is the One who enriches
the hearts of believers with the light of guidance. In chapter 5 verse 15, Allah
tells us "A light has come to you from Allah and a Clear Book."
It has been said that the light refers to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and it has also been said that it refers to the Koran. Allah calls His
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "a caller to Allah by His
permission, a light shedding lamp."33:46. This verse makes his
position clear, confirms his Prophethood and what he brings to mankind
illumines the hearts of believers.
Another of the Names of Allah is "The
Witness" (Ash Shahid) and bears the meaning of the One who is All-Knowing.
Allah calls His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "a witness"
and says, "O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness." 33:46
and, "and that the Messenger be a witness above you." 2:143
Furthermore, another of the Names of Allah is "The Generous and
Honorable" (Al Karim) has the attributes of being the One with whom there
is much good. It has also been explained as meaning "The Overflowing of
Generosity", and "The Forgiving" as well as "the
High". Allah tells us "it is indeed the word of an Honorable
Messenger" 81:19. This verse has been said to refer to either the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, or to the Archangel Gabriel. In a
prophetic quotation he said, "I am the noblest and master of the children
of Adam." Each meaning of the name are equally valid for him.
Allah has named Himself "The Mighty"
(Al Adhim). And its meaning is the One who is majestic, everything relies upon
Him. When He speaks of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, he says, "Surely,
you are of a great morality." 68:4. Amongst the scriptures of the
Torah is found the saying of Ishmael, "A mighty one will be born for a
mighty nation and he is mighty with a mighty morality."
Allah is "The Compeller" (Al Jabbar),
and bears the meaning of He who amends, it has also been said that it means
"the Conqueror", or "the One with a Mighty Affair" or
"the Proud". In the Psalms of David the Prophet, peace be upon him,
is called "Jabbar" it reads, "O Jabbar, put on your sword! Your
constitution and jurisprudence are accompanied by the fear of your right
hand." This quotation bears the meaning that the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, will either reform his nation through guidance, or through the
power given to him against his enemies, or, because of the magnitude of his
rank over all mankind and his valuable importance that defies estimation. Allah
makes us aware that he was not driven by the compulsion of pride, rather He
says, "You are not a tyrant over them." 50:45
Allah has named Himself "The Aware" (Al
Khabir) it means that He is the One who has knowledge of the essence of a
matter and knows it in its reality. It has also been explained with the meaning
that it is He who is the One who informs. Allah tells us, "The
Merciful; ask about Him from he who knows Him. " 25:59. The Judge
Bakr, son of Al 'Ala' said that this verse tells us that the one who is to be
asked is the one who is aware and that is the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him. Scholars have said that he is called "the aware" because he was
given knowledge from Allah who taught him matters from His hidden knowledge. By
this verse, Allah is also informing his nation that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, has been given permission to teach.
Another of the Names of Allah is "The
Opening" (Al Fat-h), who is the One who judges between his worshipers, and
the Opening of the doors of provision, mercy and other matters that are
available to them. He is the One who causes the hearts and eyes to opened by
the His Command. On the other hand, the verse "If you were seeking
victory, victory has now come to you. " 8:19 shows that Allah is He
who initiates the opening and victory. Allah refers to his Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, as being "the opening" in a lengthy hadith that
speaks of the Night Journey in which He says, "I have made you to be the
opening and the seal." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"He raised the mention of me and made me to be the opening and the
seal." The opening in this quotation means the judge, or the one who opens
the doors of mercy for his nation, or the one who opened the inner eye to the
remembrance of the truth and belief in Allah, or the one who helped the truth
or started to guide his nation, or the first of the prophets to be created but
the seal of the Prophethood. As he says, "I was the first of the prophets
to be created but the last of them to be sent." The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, was first so that all would recognize the right he has over
them.
Allah has named Himself ''The Thankful" (Ash
Shakur). This Name bears the meaning of the One who rewards even the smallest
action. Scholars have also said that it means the One who praises those who
obey. Allah described Prophet Noah with it saying, "He was truly a
thankful worshiper." 17:3. In gratitude for the blessings given to him
by his Lord, Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Why
shouldn't I be a thankful worshiper?" It is recognition of its worth, and
praise of Him, as well as striving for increase because Allah says, "If
you give thanks, I will increase you, but if you are unthankful My punishment
is indeed stern. " 14:7.
Two of His other Names are "The Knower"
(Al Alim), the "Knowing" (Al Allam) the Knower of both the Unseen and
Seen. Allah bestowed His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, with the virtue
of knowledge from Him. He says, "He taught you what you did not know.
The Bounty of Allah to you is ever great. " 4:113, and in another
verse He says, "and teach you that of which you have no
knowledge." 2:151.
Allah has called Himself "The First and the
Last". The meaning of this is that which precedes matters before their
existence and what remains after their existence has vanished. Allah does not
have a beginning or an end. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"I was the first of the prophets to be created but the last of them to be
sent" and quoted the Words of Allah, "We took from the prophets
their covenant and from you (Prophet Muhammad) and from Noah ..."
33:7. In this verse our attention is drawn to the fact that Allah placed
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, first by honoring his mention
before the other prophets. Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
said, "We are the last, the one who goes ahead." And he told his
Companions, "I will be the first for whom the earth splits open, the first
to enter the Garden, the first intercessor and the first whose intercession is
accepted." As we mentioned earlier, Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, is the Seal of the Prophets, the last to whom the Prophethood was
entrusted, and the last of the Messengers of Allah, and it is he with whom him
the Prophethood was sealed for all time, there being none to come after him.
Allah has also called Him "The Strong"
(Al Qawi). He is the One with Strength and is Firm. This Name also bears the
meaning of powerful. Allah describes His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
with this attribute saying "of power, given a rank by the Owner of the
Throne. " 81:20. It has also been said that this refers to Gabriel.
Allah is "The Truthful" (As-Sadiq), and
there are many hadiths in which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is
referred to be as being the truthful.
Amongst the Names of Allah are "The
Guardian" (Al Wali) and "The Master (Al Mawla), both bear the meaning
of Helper. Allah tells us "Your guide is only Allah, His
Messenger."5:55. In the saying of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, we learn "I am the guardian of those who believe." Allah
says, "The Prophet has a greater right on the believers than their own
selves." 33:6. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"As for those whose master I am, they have an exalted master."
Another of the Names of Allah is "The
Pardoner" (Al 'Afow). The meaning of this is that He is the One who
acquits. In both the Koran and the Torah Allah refers to the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, by this name, and we find Him commanding him to accept
what is easy, saying "Accept the easing." 7:199, and "yet
pardon them, and forgive."5:13. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "Pardon those who wrong you." He is also described in the
Gospel as well as the Torah as "He is neither coarse, nor harsh, rather he
pardons and overlooks."
Amongst the Names of Allah is, "The
Guide" (Al Hadi). Allah gives success to whosoever of His worshipers He
wills, meaning guidance to His Way and His invitation to them. Allah says, "Allah
invites you to the House of Peace. He guides whom He will to a Straight
Path." 10:25. We spoke earlier of the interpretation of the Prophet's
name "TaHa" as meaning, O Pure, O Guide. Allah says, "Andyou,
surely guide to a Straight Path."42:52, and refers to him saying,
"a caller to Allah by His permission" 33:46. Allah is the
ultimate Guide and says, "You cannot guide whom you please; it is Allah
who guides whom He will. He knows well those who are guided."28:56.
He, the Exalted is called, "The Guardian of
Faith" (Al Mu'min), "The Protector" (Al Muhaymin), these Names
have similar meanings. Allah's Name Al Mu'min, means that He is the One who
confirms His promise to His worshipers. He confirms the truth of His Word and
His believing worshipers and Messengers. It has also been explained with the
meaning that Allah is the One who affirms His Oneness to Himself. It has also
been said that it means that He is the One who protects His worshiper in this
world from injustice. And protects believers in the Hereafter from His
punishment. Al Muhaymin has been explained as meaning the "Trustworthy".
As for Amen (Ameen) it is the word which is used at the end of supplications,
it was said it is amongst the Names of Allah and that its meaning is the
"Guardian of Faith (Mu'min). As for the "Protector" (Muhaymin)
it is said that it means Witness and the Protector.
Allah calls His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, by the name Ameen, the trustworthy and calls him "obeyed and
honest" 81:21. Well before his Prophethood, he was known as Al Ameen
by good and bad alike. It has also been said that Al Ameen means protector.
Allah says "he believes in Allah and trusts the believers."9:61.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "I am the trustworthy of
my Companions."
"The Pure" (Al Quddus) is another of
the Names of Allah and means the One detached from all imperfections and pure
from time. The Mosque in Jerusalem, (Bayt Al Maqdis) is so called because it
was there that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was purified from any
wrong action and Allah told him, "that Allah forgives your past and future
sins. " 48:2, or it is said to mean that it is because of him people
are purified by his being in the status of no sin, and that by following the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, they are freed from sin as Allah says, "to
purify them" 62:2. Of his Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Allah
says, "By His permission He takes them out from darkness to the
light."5:16. It has also been said that its meaning is the status of
purity from all blameworthy qualities and baseness.
Allah is called "The Mighty" (Al Aziz)
and incorporates the meanings of difficult to access, victor, or the One of
whom there is no likeness, or the Self-Exalted. Allah tells us, "But
the might belongs to Allah, and His Messenger." 63:8
Allah called Himself "The Bringer of Glad Tidings
and Warning". He says, "Their Lord gives them glad tidings of
mercy from Him. ” 9:21. And, "Allah gives you glad tidings of
John." 3:39 and "Allah gives you glad tidings of a Word (Be)
from Him." 3:45. Allah speaks of His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, as being the bearer of glad tidings, as a warner and a herald, in other
words, some one who conveys good news to those who obey Allah and warns those
who disbelieve and disobey.
Section 15 - Demonstrating that Allah, the High
is unlike any thing amongst His creation
Judge Eyad concludes this chapter and makes a
point that will remove any misconception in what has been said of those whose
ability to understand is not yet mature.
His Essence is unlike all other essences and His
Attributes are unlike those of His created beings because the attributes of
created beings are neither free from non-essential qualities nor desires, and
Allah is by far greater than that. He is Everlasting as are His Names and
Attributes.
The point he makes is that all mankind should
believe that the tremendous Greatness of Allah, the angelic universe, His
Beautiful Names and attributes do not bear even the slightest
resemblance to those qualities found in His creation - no created quality
resembles Him. He tells us "There is nothing like Him." 42:11.
His Essence is unlike all other essences and His
Attributes are unlike those of His created beings because the attributes of
created beings are neither free from non-essential qualities nor desires, and
Allah is by far greater than that. He is Everlasting as are His Names and
Attributes.
Judge Eyad expresses his conviction saying,
"By Allah, it is an excellent statement made by the knowledgeable of
realization and reality who say Oneness, 'Tawhid' is the affirmation of an
Essence which is not separate from His attributes and is unlike all other
essences that He created."
Al Wasiti summarized the matter, and this too is
the Judge's purpose. He said, "There is no essence like His Essence. There
is no name like His Name. There is no action like His action. There is no
attribute like His attribute, all that can be said is the expressions are
similar."
The belief of the truthful and those who follow
the Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, is that the Essence of
Allah, which is not subject to time is by far too majestic to have a quality
which is timely, in the same way that any created essence lives in the confines
of time does not escape from time.
Imam Abu'l Kasim Al Qushayri commented and
expounded, "This contains all the facts of Oneness. How is it possible for
His Essence to be like the essence of things which are confined by time when
His Essence, is independent from time or any created substance or its
characteristics by His very existence? And how can His action resemble the
action of any of His creation when His action is not caused by it nor is His
action repelling an action of imperfection and is not derived from thoughts or
desires. His action does not come through any physical cause or endeavor,
whereas the action of His creation only emerges from these created
elements."
It was also said, "What creation imagines or
perceives with their intellect is confined by time, which is the same condition
in which they are."
Imam Al Juwayni said, "Whosoever stops at
something that exists and which he is capable of understanding must know that
it is a human production. Whereas whosoever takes the stand of pure negation of
the Creator is an atheist. As for the believer he admits that it is impossible
to perceive the reality of Allah
Dhu'n Nun Al Misri gave an excellent explanation
of the Words of Allah that read, "There is nothing like Him."
42:11, "He is not to be questioned about what He does, but they shall
be questioned."21:23 and, "When He wills a thing, His command
is to say to it 'Be' and it is!" 36:82. He said, "The reality of
Oneness is that you understand that the power of Allah is in things without
stating the means, and that this comes about without Allah being merged with
them, and that His action is the cause of everything, but this action is
without cause. Whatever forms in your imagination about Allah, be sure Allah it
is not that!" These are precious, wonderful, precise words."
Judge Eyad concludes this section of the chapter
with the following supplication, "O Allah by Your Favor and Mercy, make us
firm in the belief of Your Oneness, testifying to and disconnection from
disbelief, and prevent us from misguidance and error that leads to atheism and
man-made faith."
CHAPTER 4
THE MIRACLES GIVEN TO THE PROPHET TOGETHER WITH THEIR
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Judge Eyad opens this chapter by saying that this
reference was not compiled for the unfortunate who reject the Prophethood of
our Beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, nor the blind who challenge
the validity of the miracles with which he was sent. If it were otherwise then
he says he would have to defend them and establish their proofs. However, he
sets out the preconditions of the miracles, the challenge with its definition,
and the invalid statements of those who disclaim them.
This reference was written primarily for those
who believe in the religion of the Prophet, answer his call, and bear witness
to his Prophethood so that it increases their love for him and affects their
way of life, "so that they might add belief upon belief" 48:4.
His intention is to establish the bases of his
miracles and well known signs so as to give the reader an insight to the
immense value with which Allah has preferred His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him. The miracles and signs presented in this chapter are, in the
transmission of hadith terminology, authentic or very close so that they are
accepted. Added to this is additional information extracted from the famous
references of scholars of Islam.
He writes that those who are fair-minded will
reflect upon what has already been mentioned, and draw upon the beautiful
things recorded about the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, such as his
praiseworthy style of life, his noble qualities, the evidence presented
demonstrating his very high rank and his quotations, and the truth of his role.
This in itself has been the cause for many to embrace Islam and follow him.
Abdullah, Shalom's son, who was a Companion of
the Prophet and had previously been a prominent Rabbi said, "When the
Messenger of Allah came to Medina, I went to look at him. When I saw his face I
recognized that it was not the face of a liar." The father of Rimtha
At-Taymi tells us, "I went to see the Prophet with one of my sons, when he
was pointed out to me and I saw him I said, 'This is indeed the Prophet of
Allah."
Damad went to visit the Prophet who said to him,
"Praise be to Allah! We praise Him and seek His help. No one can misguide
whosoever Allah guides, and whosoever He misguides has no guide. I bear witness
that there is no god except Allah alone without any associate and that Muhammad
is His worshiper and Messenger." Upon hearing these words, Damad asked him
to repeat them saying, "Your words have reached a depth like that of the
ocean, give me your hand, I will give you my allegiance."
Tarik was among those who had never seen the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in Medina, and he came upon him by
chance, not knowing who he was. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
asked him what he had to sell, and those with him replied that they had a
camel. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, inquired its price and they
agreed upon an exchange for a quantity of dates. Having struck the deal the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, took hold of the camel's rein and went
to Medina. Tarik and his companion were a little anxious and said, 'We have
sold to a man and we do not even know who he is!" There was a woman with
them who said, 'I will guarantee the price of the camel, I saw the face of that
man and it was like the full moon - he will not cheat you!' The following
morning, a man arrived with the dates and said, "I am the messenger of the
Messenger of Allah. He invites you to eat some of the dates and then weigh them
and you will have the weight in full" and this they did.
The name of the King of Oman was Al Julanda, and
news reached him that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, had
invited him to Islam. Upon hearing this he said, "By Allah who has guided
me to the unlettered Prophet, if he commands something good, he is the first to
do it, and when he forbids something, he is the first to avoid it. When he
conquers he is not proud, and when defeated his is not aggrieved. He fulfills a
contract and is true to his promise. I bear witness that he is a prophet."
Naftoyah explained the verse, "Its oil
would almost shine forth though no fire had touched it."24:35 saying,
"This is the likeness that Allah has struck for His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and the meaning of this verse is that his face almost
indicated his Prophethood even before he received the Koran." Rawaha's son
said, "Even if there had not been clear signs for us, his face would have
enlighten you with its news."
Section 2 - The Prophethood and Messengership
Dear reader, as one finds in cases with certain
prophets, Allah can bring about direct knowledge of Himself, His Essence, His
Names, His Attributes and all of His commands all at the same time in the
hearts of His worshipers without an intermediary, and one recalls the words of
Allah that say, "It does not belong to any human that Allah should
speak to him except by Revelation. " 42:51. However, it is permitted
that knowledge of such matters can reach them by means of an intermediary who
transmits His words to them. The intermediary may or not be human, as in the
case of prophets they can be angels, or prophets to their nation. Intellectual
proof dictates that this is not forbidden, since it is permissible and not
impossible.
The Messengers brought miracles that clearly show
that they are truthful and thereby necessitate their being confirmed in all
they brought because miracles are, for the most part, accompanied by a
challenge from the respective prophet. This is rooted in the words of Allah, "My
worshiper has spoken the truth, therefore obey him and follow him." From
this quotation we are made aware that Allah is in fact testifying to the
truthfulness of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. To say more would be
to go beyond the purpose of this reference. Whosoever wishes to discover more
details will find the subject covered in the Islamic references of our imams.
The Arabic root word for prophet
"naba'a", written with the letter "hamza" means "to
give news, or to report". The meaning of this has been explained that
Allah imparted knowledge of the Unseen to His prophets, and taught each one
that he had become His Prophet. With this knowledge they were themselves
informed, and therefore able to inform and proclaim to others that with which
Allah had sent them. Those who read it without the letter "hamza"
explain it as derived from the root meaning "that which rises from the
earth", which is an indication that prophets have a noble rank and exalted
position with their Lord, and both these meanings are applicable to all of the
prophets.
The Arabic word for "messenger" is
"ar-rasul", which means someone who is sent. By being sent he is
commanded by Allah to convey the message entrusted to him to his people.
"Ar-rasul" is a word derived from succession, in other words one who
succeeded another. A messenger bears the obligation to convey the message
entrusted to him and also the obligation upon his people to accept and follow
him just as it had been obligatory upon previous peoples to follow their current
messenger.
There is a difference of opinion about whether
"prophet" and "messenger" are one of the same, or are
different in their meaning. There are scholars who are of the opinion that they
are the same and their root is from "news" and therefore this means
"inform". Those who adhere to this opinion quote the verse "Never
have We sent a Messenger or a Prophet before you. " 22:52 this verse
affirms that both messenger and prophet are sent. Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "The Prophet is a Messenger and the Messenger is
a Prophet."
It has been said that there is one matter in
which they are different, however, both entail that of the rank of prophet, and
this is that they inform people of the Unseen and teach them about the rank of
prophethood so that they are able to recognize their exalted rank and follow
them. The difference of opinion arises in that a Messenger is entrusted with a
message, which is the command to warn and teach and the proof of this opinion
is also extracted from the same verse on account of the two titles being kept
separate and if they both bore the same meaning then the question is asked what
is the point of repeating them?
Those adhering to this opinion interpret the
meaning of this verse as being, "Never have We sent a Messenger to a
nation or a Prophet." Some say that Messengers were those who brought a
new Law and that those who did not were Prophets, but not Messengers.
The consensus is that the authentic position is
that all the Messengers were Prophets but not every Prophet was a Messenger.
The first Messenger was Adam and the last Muhammad, peace be upon all them.
Abu Dharr reported that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, informed his Companions that there were approximately
124,000 prophets of whom there were 313 messengers, and that the first
messenger was Adam. Peace be upon all the prophets and messengers of Allah.
The Arabic word for revelation is
"wahy", and its root means "to hasten". When Allah sends a
matter quickly to His prophet it is called Revelation, and consists of three
types. The one with the challenge which is the Koran, which is the Word of
Allah without human voicing and letters, the second is the Divine quotations
which is the meaning from Allah expressed in the words of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, in which he reports "As Allah said", the third
is the revelation of the Prophetic quotations which is inspiration to the
Prophet in his own eloquent, unique words.
A further explanation of "revelation"
is from the root words "al-waha" meaning "quickly". It can
also mean secrecy and concealment and because of this simple inspiration has
been called revelation. Allah says, "We revealed this to Moses'
mother" 28:7 - cast in her heart. Allah also says, "It does
not belong to any human that Allah should speak to him except by Revelation.
" 42:52 this is that which He casts into the heart without an
intermediary.
Section 3 - The meaning of miracles
One should understand that miracles given to a
prophet are classified as such because they surpass the capability of any human
endeavor, they are supernatural. On the other hand, there are things human
beings have the potential of doing but Allah prevents them from their doing,
for example no created being is capable of composing the Koran. When the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, challenged those who belied him to
produce something similar to the Koran, it was in order to demonstrate the
incapacity of even the most eloquent of human beings.
It is beyond the power of any created being to
give life to the deceased, turn a staff into a snake, bring the she-camel out
of the rock, cause a tree to speak, water to flow from between the fingers or
split the moon in half. Allah alone is the One capable of such things, and they
are among the miracles given to the prophet's of Allah through their hands.
One should also be aware that the miracles that
appeared through the hand of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
are the proofs of his Prophethood and the signs of his truthfulness.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
is the Messenger to whom the most miracles were given and the one to whom the
clearest signs and proofs were given. His miracles are too numerous to be
counted. Each and every verse of the Koran is in itself a miracle, and no one
has ever been able to meet his challenge to produce even a short chapter such
as "Al Kawthar", nor yet a single verse similar to those of the
Koran.
The miracles given to Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him, are of two categories. The first comprises of those that
are well known and transmitted through many hands such as the Koran. None can
doubt or argue that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, did not deliver
it, and it is through him that it appeared, and also that he used it as a
proof. If an arrogant self-opinionated denier rejects this, then it is similar
to denying that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, existed! As we
mentioned earlier the Koran itself is a miracle and contains a multitude of
miracles, and the fact that no one can imitate it is indisputable and proven by
investigation as we will explain later.
A scholar of Islam explained, "This
principle is relevant to the signs and the surpassing of normal phenomena that
occurred at the hands of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, all of
which attain an unquestionable level. Neither believer nor unbeliever disputed
the occurrence that these extraordinary matters occurred at his hands. The
claim of the unbelievers is that they were not from Allah."
The second consists of matters that do not reach
the level of the Koran and this is in itself divided into two types. One is
comprised of miracles that are very well-known and transmitted in the form of
hadith, and the prophetic events (serah), and include such miracles as the
water that flowed from his blessed fingers and a small amount of food becoming
plentiful. Then, there are also matters that were made known to just a couple
of people, so consequently there are only a few transmitters and therefore not
as well known or widely reported as the previous type, but they are found to be
compatible and both are confirmation of miracles.
As for the signs given to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, there are without doubt many. For example the event of the
splitting in half of the moon, this great miracle is recorded in both the Koran
and prophetic sayings.
Unless there is absolute proof, the literal
meaning should never be taken as other than such. Its occurrence is supported
by authenticated reports transmitted from a variety of sources. Therefore one's
criteria should be to uphold it, and not be way-laid by the foolishness of
weak-minded persons ignorant of the religion, nor yet should one consider the
opinion of innovators who cast doubt in the heart of believers, rather, one
should turn away from such foolishness.
The same applies to the miraculous events of the
water that flowed from the Prophet's fingers, and the small amount of food
becoming plentiful, both of which were witnessed and reported by numerous
Companions. Many of the closest Companions also witnessed and reported the
occurrence of miracles, for example, those that occurred during the digging of
the Trench, the Battle of Buwat, at Hudaybiah, Tabuk, as well as during other
encounters with the unbelievers. None of the Companions who transmitted these
miracles were found to contradict one another either in what the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said or did. Neither did they raise any
objections to the statements attributed to them when they were transmitted
later. It might be asked why some of the Companions did not report certain
miracles and remained silent, the answer is that they did not remain silent
about anything that was untrue, nor yet were they given to untruthful flattery,
their character was to speak up. Neither desire nor fear prevented them from
doing so, if they heard something that was in general recognized as being
untrue or if it was unknown to them, their policy was that of rejection. Some
however, recognized matters relating to the prophetic way whereas others did
not.
As for the weak or falsely attributed quotations
purported to have been said by the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, these
too are well documented together with the name of the originating liar and
classified accordingly in the science of falsely attributed Prophetic sayings.
There are some signs in the prophetic quotations
that may have appeared as somewhat obscure when first spoken. These quotations
have been used by those who oppose Islam to undermine and weaken the strength
of reports, however, with the passage of time, much to the disappointment of
the opposition, these signs have become a reality. The same applies to the
reports of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, relating to the Unseen
and his prophesy of events that were yet to be made manifest, they can no
longer be used as a tool of the opposition.
Judge Eyad tells us that the above has been
stated by the Imams, Judge Abu Bakr Al Baqillani, Abu Bakr, Furak's son as well
as other notables and that everything known to him is verifiable. He also says
that should anyone claim these stories only reached us by the report of one
person, then the claimant is not well versed in either the reports,
transmissions and other sciences. The Judge, as further proof, also informs us
that whosoever studies the linkage between transmitters of either the prophetic
quotations or the history cannot fail to validate the reported miracles and it
is by no means unlikely for a person to receive knowledge from numerous sources
of transmitters, and another person not.
Allah willing (inshaAllah), more of these
miracles will be discussed in a later section, and clarified.
Section 4 - The unique inimitability of the Arabic Koran
(The following sections demonstrate the
inimitability of the Arabic Koran. Because this reference is presented for the
English seeker, it follows that the Koranic texts have been rendered into
English. It is important that one should be aware that he/she cannot even begin
to savor the real taste of the compelling beauty of the Arabic Koran with all
its facets, let alone its fineries because the English quotations merely
endeavor to present an understanding of its meaning because even the most
eloquent composition of the English
language is not rich enough to do justice to the
Words of Allah.)
The Arabic Koran has numerous facets which are
impossible to imitate. To illustrate the inimitability of these aspects they
have placed in four categories.
The first aspect illustrates the excellence of
the composition of the Koran, the joining together of the structure of its
words and the purity of its Arabic because its eloquence is far beyond the
reach and capability of even the most adept tongue of any Arab.
Allah blessed the Arab nation with a natural gift
of language. At the time the Holy Koran was revealed, the Arabs had mastered
its linguistic expressions. Its eloquence and exact meaning surpassed that of
any nation and had at that time reached its pinnacle of excellence. The
language had the capability of touching the very depths of one's heart. To the
Arab it was a natural phenomena and part of their character. They wrote poetry
that was powerful and arousing, sometimes it was used to praise, at others
defame. Such poetry was used to present requests and their like, or to elevate
or degrade a matter. Their mastery had reached such a high level that even the
intelligent could be deceived, they also used it as a tool to heal longstanding
tribal feuds, incite the coward to acts of bravery, persuade the miser to be
generous, make the imperfect perfect and debase society's elite so that they
became of little standing.
The Arabic language was most rich in expression
among the Bedouin who used it in not only in a decisive, rational way but with
a superb usage of clarity, and powerful manner. The town-dweller was also
skilful in its eloquence, and able to express himself splendidly with just a
few words. Both walks of life were capable of expressing matters in an
effective and convincing manner that gave them the sharper edge and opened the
way. Eloquence was the tool of their leadership, they were capable of speaking
on both significant and insignificant subjects, they were indeed masters of
expression and exercised words of rare usages. As for their prose and poetry
there were many festivals to which people from distant areas would travel to
contend or simply listen and enjoy.
None but a Messenger from Allah could have caused
their wonderment at the Koran's eloquent, truthful, purposeful composition.
Allah says, "Falsehood does not come to it from before it or from
behind it. It is a sending down from the One, the Wise, the Praised."41:42.
Both its verses and words are exact, distinguished and eloquent. The purity of
the Arabic Koran surpasses every other form of Arabic with its conquering
conciseness and inimitability. In it one discovers the articulation of both
unvarnished and metaphorical verses, all of which vie with one another in
beauty. One also finds in its succinctness new expressions that outperform
others in their clarity. The excellence of its composition is balanced by its
succinctness, and its expressions convey numerous meanings.
Of the stubborn unbelievers who refused to
acknowledge the Koran was and still is far superior and surpasses the
composition of all the greatest Arab orators, Allah says and challenges, "Do
they say, 'He has forged it?' Say, 'Compose one chapter like it, and call upon
whom you will, other than Allah (to help you), if what you say is true!'"
10:38. And, "If you are in doubt of what We have sent down to Our
worshiper (Prophet Muhammad), produce a chapter comparable to it. Call upon
your helpers, other than Allah, to assist you, if you are true. But if you
fail, as you are sure to fail then guard yourselves against the Fire whose fuel
is people and stones, prepared for the unbelievers." 2:24-25.
Also, "Say, 'If mankind and jinn combined
together to produce the like of this Koran, they would never be able to produce
one like it, not even if they were to help one another. '" 17:88. And,
"Then produce ten forged chapters like it. " 11.13
It is easy to take the words or ideas of another
and present them as one's own rather than to originate. Writing something that
is false or fabricated is much simpler, whereas when one strives to compose
something that has a sound meaning it is difficult, hence the phrase,
"So-and-so writes as he is told, but so- and so writes as he wants".
Between the first and the second there is a huge gulf, and the first is better
than the second.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
always held the wellbeing of his nation at heart, and for their own good he
never gave up in his rebuke of those who refused to believe. He would rebuke
and warn them in the harshest, most compelling manner. He referred to their
dreams as being foolish and did not honor their chieftains. The structure of
their society became shattered by his teachings, both the unbelievers and their
false deities were censured, and their homes and property were later on
confiscated. But still in support of their stance, they shied away from taking
the challenge to produce even one single verse to rival the Koran, they simply
deceived themselves through the rejection of the Words of Allah.
Allah quotes the rebuke of the unbelievers, "Are
we to follow a mortal who is one of us? Then indeed, we would surely be in
error and insane. " 54:24. And "This is but a falsehood he has
forged - another nation has helped him. ' 25:4. Or, "He has written
tales of the ancients." 25:5. They lied and satisfied themselves in
their self-deceit. Allah describes the unbelievers with their saying "Ourhearts
are covered."2:88. And, "Ourhearts are veiled from that to
which you call us, and in our ears there is heaviness, and between us and you
is a veil."41:5. And He refers to the contempt of the unbelievers who
said, "Do not listen to this Koran, and talk idly about it so that you
might be overcome. " 41:26.
The arrogant audacity of the unbelievers is
recorded in the Koran when they claimed, "If we wished, we could speak
its like." 8:31. Allah informs them "you are sure to
fail."2:24. All contenders were rendered completely powerless, none
were able to fulfill their presumptuous claim.
During the life of Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, there was a man called Musaylima, who laid claim to the
prophethood. He attempted to compose verses to rival the Koran but his errors
were obvious and thereby his status exposed, and Allah rendered his
"fine" words to naught. Had it been otherwise people might not well
have realized that the Koran is far above the eloquence of their own expression
of pure Arabic.
Commenting upon the superlative eloquence of the
verse in Arabic that reads, "Allah orders justice, and good
deeds." 16:90, Walid, Mughira's son said, "I swear by Allah it
has both sweetness and grace. The least of it is abundant and the highest of it
is fruitful, no human being could have said this."
The eloquence of the verse "Proclaim then
what you are commanded" 15:94 penetrated the heart of a certain
Bedouin whereupon he fell down prostrate and said, "I prostrated on
account of its superlative Arabic." Upon another occasion another Bedouin
heard the verse "When they despaired of him, they went in private to
confer together" 12:80, and said "I bear witness that no human is
capable of these words!"
One day, as the Caliph Omar, Khattab's son slept
in the Mosque he was awakened by a person standing by his head bearing witness
to the Oneness of Allah. Omar asked him who he was, whereupon the man told him
that he was a Byzantine general conversant with Arabic and several other
languages. He told him that he had heard a Muslim who had been taken captive
reciting the Koran whereupon he reflected upon its words and realized it
contained the same message that Allah had sent down about this world and the
Hereafter to Prophet Jesus, Mary's son. The Words that touched him were "Those
who obey Allah and His Messenger, and fear Allah, and have awe of Him shall be
the winners." 24:52.
A serving girl was heard speaking eloquently,
whereupon Al-Asmay said, "What has made you so eloquent?" But the
girl replied, "Is what I said considered eloquent after the Words of
Allah, "We revealed this to Moses' mother, 'Suckle him, but when you
fear for him cast him into the water. Neither fear, nor sorrow because We shall
restore him to you and make him among the Messengers. '" 28:7. This
verse contains two commands, two prohibitions, and two pieces of good news
coupled to together. Also the planning of Allah is made evident in this verse
as the casting of Moses into the water turns to be the cause of his safety
rather than its opposite.
This inimitability of the Arabic Koran is unique
and incomparable. This is because firstly, it is a well established fact that
it was revealed to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and that it is he
who delivered it. Secondly, with it the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
challenged the Arabs and they were rendered incapable of responding to the
challenge.
We have drawn your attention to many aspects,
volumes could be written portraying just a fraction of its benefits, each
phrase contains many degrees of meaning, and an overflow of knowledge. Even
lengthy narrations about previous generations and nations merge into one
another, they are a sign for one to reflect upon the cohesion of its words, its
presentation and how its various facets are put in balance, such as one finds
in the story of Prophet Joseph. Many of these stories occur in different
chapters of the Koran, yet the phrasing varies so much that story takes on a
totally new light, which is part of its beauty. One is never averse to its
constant repetition, nor yet disdainful to their hearing over and over again.
Section 5 - The inimitability of the composition
and style of the Arabic Koran
The composition and unique style of the Arabic
Koran is yet another facet of it inimitability. Its revelation presented a
style of Arabic very different from the regular usage of Arabic not to mention
the highly developed methods of composition, prose and poetry of the Arabs. One
finds the divisions of its verses stop and finish whereas the words are
threaded through to the next, this finery neither existed before nor after its
sending, and no one was and ever will be capable to produce anything like it.
When the Arabs heard its recitation it captivated
them in such a way that they surrendered. Simply, they had never heard anything
so compelling in any form of Arabic.
Walid, Mughira's son, was very knowledgeable of
the finer points of Arabic poetry. He had heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, speak upon several occasions but one day he happened to hear the
recitation of the Koran that convinced him that these were not and could not be
the words of a human being. After hearing the verses he went to his uncle Abu
Jahl, who was the foremost enemy of the Prophet and rebuked him saying,
"By Allah! None of you have a greater knowledgeable of poetry than I, his
(normal) speech cannot be compared to that of the Koran!"
As previously mentioned fairs were very well
attended occasions. The time came for the annual Koraysh fair and preparations
were underway. However, many were concerned about the effect the recitation of
the Koran would have on its attendees, so the unbelievers grouped together to
agree upon a common saying between them that would not contradict the other.
Walid was among those present and when it was suggested that they say "He
is a soothsayer," Walid said, "By Allah, he is not a soothsayer! He
neither mutters nor speaks in rhymed prose. Another suggested that they say,
"He is mad, and possessed by jinn." Walid retorted saying, "He
is neither mad nor is he possessed by jinn, there is neither choking nor yet
whispering." Then they suggested, "He is a poet" to which Walid
replied, "This is not so, we know poetry in all its forms and fineries, he
is not a poet." Then they proposed saying, "He is a sorcerer"
once again Walid retorted, "He is not a sorcerer, there is neither
spitting nor knots." Frustrated they exclaimed, "What then shall we
say!" Walid told them, "All that you have put forward is false. The
closest statement you made is that he is a sorcerer, because magic is something
that can come between a man and his son, between brothers, between a man and
his wife and a man and his tribe." Undecided on what to say they parted company
and sat by the roadside to warn people. Thereafter Allah revealed about Walid, "Leave
Me alone with he whom I created. " 74:11.
On another occasion Utba, Rabi'a's son, who was
well educated in the art of language, happened to hear the recitation of the
Koran and declared, "People, you are aware that there is nothing that I
have not learned through its reading and saying. By Allah, I have now heard a
form of speech, the like of which I have never heard before. It is neither
poetry nor a spell, nor yet is it soothsaying."
Abu Dharr, described his brother Anies expertise
as a poet saying, "By Allah, I have never heard of anyone more conversant
with poetry than my brother Anies. He competed with twelve other poets during
the "Time of Ignorance" of which I was one." Prior to the
conversion of Abu Dharr, Anies traveled to Mecca and heard news of the Prophet
and his teachings, praise and peace be upon him. Upon his return Abu Dharr
asked what people said about the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Anies replied,
"They say he is a poet, a soothsayer and a sorcerer, but I have heard
soothsayers speak, and his words are unlike them. I compared him with the
reciters of poetry and he is not like them. After what I have said no one
should fall into error and refer to him as a poet. He is truthful and they are
the liars."
These testimonies are but a few amongst the
authentic transmissions. The Koran's inimitability lies in not only its
conciseness and eloquence but in its extraordinary style.
Opinions vary in the way in which people are
incapable of imitating the Koran. There are those who say it is because it is
not within the capacity of humans on account of the strength of its clarity,
composition, unique structure and style. Such matters are part of its
miraculous nature that surpass the capability of any of creation to imitate,
just as it is way beyond a created being to revive the dead, transform a staff
into a serpent, or cause pebbles to exalt Allah.
Another opinion is that of Shaykh Abul Hasan Al
Ashari, who is of the opinion that it could be within the capacity of humans to
do so if Allah supports them in its doing, but stresses the fact that Allah
prevented them from achieving it and thereby rendered its imitation impossible.
This opinion is upheld by several other scholars who base their opinion on two
arguments. The first argument made is that it has already been established that
the Arabs were incapable of doing so. The argument would not have been valid
and held against them if it had not been within the power of created beings to
achieve it. The second argument is the fact that they were challenged to try
and imitate it. This challenge in itself proves their impotence more
effectively and is a substantial factor for their being rebuked. It would not
be justifiable to make the challenge if the challenged did not have the
capacity to do so. This argument is an overwhelming, definitive argument.
One must also reflect upon the condition of the
unbelievers when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, peacefully entered
Mecca at the time of its opening, and the unbelievers were given the option to
convert and remain. At that time, the unbelievers who had been arrogant and
contemptuous were forced to swallow their pride and drink from the cup of
humility. Had it been in their power it would have been far easier for them to
rise to the challenge and produce a verse or a chapter, had they done so their
success would have been instant, a definitive victory would have been at their
finger tips and their adversary silenced.
Try as the Arabs might, even after they had
summoned and exhausted all their skills, either individually or collectively,
the greatest amongst them were impotent in their attempt to eclipse the Koran
and extinguish its light. They were stupefied, unable to utter a single word,
their senses dulled and their way blocked.
Section 6 - Matters relating to a future time, and unseen affairs
Another facet of the Koran's inimitability is
found in verses relating to matters of the unseen, and events that were to materialize
at a later date.
The good news of safe entry into Mecca was
conveyed to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in the following verse, "You
shall enter the Sacred Mosque in security, if Allah wills." 48:27.
Another event that would be realized later was
the news that the Persians would be defeated by the Greeks, "But, in a
few years after their defeat they shall become the victors."30:3.
Allah gave the good news of the future victory
over the unbelievers and the Opening of Mecca saying, "When the victory
of Allah and the opening comes." 110:1. Another example is, "Allah
has promised those of you who believe and do good works that He will indeed
make them successors in the land."24:55.
People embraced Islam in droves, and at the time
of the death of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, everyone in the
peninsular of Arabia had embraced Islam. From east to west Allah established
Islam and caused the believers to be powerful successors. In a quotation of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, he told his Companions, "The earth
was gathered together for me so that I was shown its easts and wests, and the
kingdom of my nation will reach as far as it was gathered together."
Allah tells us in the Koran, "It is We
who sent down the Koran, and We watch over it." 15:9. Throughout the
centuries there have been countless heretics and atheists who attempted to
alter the Koran, but these attempts fell on barren ground, such attempts still
continued in this age, but with Allah keeping watch over His Word they will
never be successful. During the time of Judge Eyad there was a sect known as
"Qarmatians". This sect was very active in their attempt, but they
like their predecessors were unsuccessful. Praise be to Allah, none have been
successful to extinguish either its light nor yet alter a single word or cause
doubt in the minds of Muslims!
Allah gave news to His Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, and his followers of future encounters with the unbelievers
saying, "Most certainly their gatherings shall be routed, and they will
turn their backs." 54:45. And He also said, "They will not
harm you except a little hurt. And if they fight against you, they will turn
their backs. " 3:111. These events occurred later upon the arrival of
their predestined time.
Another aspect is that of the disclosure of
unseen affairs, such as the exposure of the secrets of both hypocrites and
Jews, and the lies they spread amongst themselves. Allah disclosed their
treachery, rebuked them and made known their sentiments saying, "And
they say within themselves, 'Why does Allah not punish us for what we
say?'" 58:8. He also informed His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and the believers, "They conceal in themselves what they do not
disclose to you."3:154. And, "They are listeners to lies and
devourers of the unlawful."5:42. Of the Jewish Scriptures, Allah
informed His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and his followers, "Some
Jews tampered with the words (altering) their places saying, 'We have heard and
we disobey,' and 'hear, without hearing,'and 'observe us' (Ra'ina, in Hebrew
means evil) twisting with their tongues traducing religion." 4:46.
Allah promised the Muslims victory and His
promise was fulfilled on the Day of Badr, "(Remember) when Allah
promised to grant you one of the two parties (at Badr), and you wished for the
one that was not strong." 8:7.
Allah told His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, "We suffice you against those who mock." 15.95. This
verse was sent down in reference to the unbelievers of Mecca who attempted to
turn people away from the teachings of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and harm him, however, Allah destroyed them. When the unbelievers tried to
kill Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, Allah sent down the verse,
"Allah protects you from the people." 5:67.
Section 7 - The news of bygone generations and vanished nations
Another facet of the inimitability of the Koran
is found in information relating to bygone generations, as well as nations that
had passed away and their laws. At the time of the sending down of the Koran,
there were amongst all the "People of the Book", meaning people who
received the Torah and the Ingil (Gospel of Jesus), just one scholar who had
devoted his entire life to the study of some of these aspects, there were
others however, they were not so well versed and their knowledge was
incomplete.
When Allah sent down to His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, stories of such matters, it was a sign for the People of the
Book. They knew he was illiterate and could neither read nor write, and could
not have had access to such knowledge through study. They had no other option
but to admit that the news he brought came from the Unseen and compelled to
admit to its authenticity, and acknowledge its truthfulness.
Whenever some among the parties of the People of
the Book met him they would examine and test his knowledge whereupon he would
recite to them relevant verses or chapters from the Koran. He recited to them
of the stories of Prophet Moses and Al Khidr, of Prophet Joseph and his
brothers, the Men in the Cave, Dhu'l Karnain, Luqman and his son as well as stories
of other prophets. He related information about the creation, and informed them
of what was in the Torah and the original Gospel given to Jesus (which has been
lost). He also told them of the Psalms of Prophet David and the Scrolls of
Prophets Abraham and Moses. The sincere amongst them converted, acknowledging
and confirming the truth of the news he brought, whereas people such as the
Christians of Najran, Suriya's son and the sons of Akhtab, the chief rabbi of
Medina who knew he spoke the truth refused to acknowledge it as such. They were
envious and stubborn and thereafter died in disbelief.
Despite the fact of their passionate enmity
towards the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and urging their followers
not to accept him, and their distorted arguments taken out of context from
their books, there is no evidence that any of the People of the Book denied the
veracity of the reports given in the Koran.
In their attempt to gain the upper hand they
questioned Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, relentlessly about
their prophets and posed difficult questions. They questioned him about the
secrets of their knowledge, the contents of their biographies as well as
information concealed in their laws. They asked him about the spirit, Dhu'l Karnain,
the Men in the Cave, Prophet Jesus, the judgement of the strong and what Israel
forbade himself, as well as what beasts had become forbidden to them on account
of their contemptible behavior.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, also
drew the attention of Christians and Jews to information that was already with
them in the Torah and Gospel descriptive of the believers and had now been
revealed in the Holy Koran, "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Those
who are with him are harsh against the unbelievers but merciful to one another.
You see them bow and prostrate themselves seeking the bounty and pleasure of
Allah. Their mark
is on their faces from the trace of prostration.
That is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel" 48:29
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
asked many questions all of which he answered with that which had been revealed
to him. Those who invented lies about the message the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, brought, claimed that what he brought was different from their
scriptures and were thus called upon to prove their claim. Of these people
Allah says, "Say, 'Bring the Torah and recite it, if you are truthful.'
Those who after this invent lies about Allah are harmdoers." 3:93-94.
Consequently, those who behaved insolently and chose to belie what the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, brought were humiliated by their own scripture,
they were also shown where they had tampered with the words of their Book .
Allah draws attention to their mischief saying, "People
of the Book! Our Messenger (Muhammad) has come to clarify to you much of what
you have hidden of the Book. " 5:15.
Section 8 - The challenge in the Revelation issued to the Arabs
and their inability to respond, coupled with the informing of their inability
There is neither dispute nor doubt that the
preceding facets of the Koran cannot be imitated. Judge Eyad now draws
attention to its verses that state certain instances to which the response of
mankind is either unable to fulfill, cope or take on the challenge. Take for
example the words of Allah to the Jews, "Say, 'if the abode of the
Everlasting Life is with Allah for you especially, to the exclusion of all
other people, then long for death if you are truthful'. But they will never
long for it'" 2:94-95. Abu Isaac Az-Zajjaj commented on this verse
saying, "This verse contains the greatest proof and also the clearest
indication of the soundness of the Message of Allah. This is because Allah told
the Jews to "long for death" and then informs them "But
they will never long for it", so none of them sincerely longed for
death. The Prophet praise and peace be upon him, spoke of this saying, "By
the One in whose hand is my soul, not a single man from amongst them could say
it without choking on his saliva". Allah turned the hearts of the Jews
against longing for death. He cast tremendous fear into them thereby signifying
that His Messenger, praise and peace be upon him, was indeed truthful, and that
which He had sent down to him was without doubt authentic. But none of them
sincerely longed for death, even though they were eager to reject him.
Abu Muhammad Al Usayli added, "The
incredible thing about this that ever since the day Allah commanded His
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to tell them this that there was neither
a group nor an individual Jew who stood against him, nor yet did they answer
him. When any of them tried to test the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
it (the verse) was used as a criterion." There was also the occasion when
the Christian bishops of Najran came to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, but even after hearing the Message they remained adamant in their refusal
to accept Islam. Allah prevented them and sent down the challenge, "To
those who dispute with you concerning him after the knowledge has come to you,
say, 'Come, let us gather our sons and your sons, our womenfolk and your
womenfolk, ourselves and yourselves. Then let us humbly pray, so lay the curse
of Allah upon the ones who lie. " 3:61. Their primate, Al Aqib, warned
his fellow bishops saying, "You know he is a prophet, and no matter
whether a group is small or large, a prophet never lays a curse on a people and
they survive thereafter.' So they continued to pay the "poll-tax"
levied on those who refused to believe.
As for the unbelievers amongst the Arabs, Allah
challenges them saying, "If you are in doubt of what We have sent down
to Our worshiper, produce a chapter comparable to it. Call upon your helpers,
other than Allah, to assist you, if you are true. But if you fail, as you are
sure to fail, then guard yourselves against the Fire whose fuel is people and
stones, prepared or the unbelievers." 2:2334. Although this verse is
amongst those relating to the Unseen, the first part of the verse is indicative
of the fact that they would be incapable to respond to His challenge.
Section 9 - The fear and awe that arouses hearts
upon listening to the Koran
As for those who reject it, there is also a great
effect of awe. Of such people Allah says, "We lay veils upon their hearts
and heaviness in their ears lest they understand it. When you (Prophet
Muhammad) mention your Lord alone in the Koran, they turn their backs in
aversion." 17:46. Listening to the Koran is too heavy upon them in
terms of hearing of the Oneness of the Creator and so their aversion increases,
they wish to stop its recitation because of their loathing of it. Of such
people the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "For those who
hate the Koran it is hard and difficult (for them to bear), for it is their
judge."
As for those who believe they experience fear and
are in rapture of its awe. It is like a magnet, attracting the listener and its
reciter. It is a source of joy that causes the heart to incline to it and also
a confirmation. Allah says, "the skins of those who fear their Lord
tremble; and thereafter their skins and hearts soften to the Remembrance of
Allah." 39:23.
A glimpse of the magnitude of Holy Koran is made
known when Allah says, "Had We sent down this Koran upon a mountain,
you would have seen it humble itself and split asunder for fear of Allah."
59:21. This verse is an indication that the Koran is very unique, it has the
power to grip someone who neither understands nor yet knows its meaning. One
day a follower of Prophet Jesus, peace be upon him, happened to pass by someone
reciting the Koran, and started to weep. He was asked what had caused him to
weep and he replied, "It is because it has broken my heart in the beauty
of its arrangement." The awe he experienced in the recitation of
untampered Holy Scriptures captured the hearts of many even before the advent
of Islam. There are many reports of people embracing Islam upon their first
hearing the Words of Allah, then, there are others who are unfortunate and turn
away.
Jubair Mut'im's son said, "During the
evening prayer, I heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, recite the
chapter "The Mount" (52), and when he reached the words, "Or,
were they created out of nothing? Or, were they their own creators? Or, did
they create the heavens and the earth? No, their belief is not certain! Or, are
the treasures of your Lord in their keeping? Or, are they the
controllers?" 52:35-37 my heart leapt to Islam. It is also reported
that he said, "It was the first time that Islam became important in my
heart."
There are two reports about Utba Rabi'a's son,
who on one occasion went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to speak
to him about a recent revelation that that spoke against the pagan belief of
his tribe. So, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, began to recite the
chapter that begins "HaMeem" (The Distinguished, Chapter 41). Utba
could not bear to hear it and put his hand over the Prophet's mouth and begged
him to stop. It is also reported that he listened and in so doing he did he put
his hands behind his back and leant on them until the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, reached the verse of prostration, whereupon he, the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, prostrated. Utba did not know how to deal with
the situation and immediately got up, returned to his family and declined to go
out to his tribesmen. His fellow tribesmen came to him and he apologized
telling them, "By Allah, he recited some words to me, and by Allah, I have
never heard anything like them, I just did not know what to say."
Several Arabs attempted to answer the challenge
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, however, all were struck by fear,
one such person was Al Muqaffa's son, renowned for his eloquent tongue. He had
started his attempt at composition when he heard a young Muslim boy reciting
from the Koran, "Earth, swallow up your waters." 11:44. The
recitation had such a tremendous effect upon him that he returned and destroyed
all that he had written saying, "I bear witness that this is not to be
opposed, they are not the words of a human!"
In Andalusia, Spain a man by the name of John,
Hakkam Al Ghazzal's son, who was a writer of note, sought to attempt to produce
something akin to the Koran. Whilst doing so he looked for a sample to emulate
and read the chapter "The Oneness" (112). He started work on his
composition when he was struck by fear and declared, "Fear has stopped me
and weakness has caused me to regret and repent", and became a believer!
Section 10 - The protection of the Koran until
the end of time
Unlike any other scripture, Allah has promised to
preserve His Holy Book until the end of time, and this is yet another of its
inimitable qualities. Allah assures us, "It is We who sent down the
Koran, and We watch over it." And of its purity He tells us, "falsehood
does not come to it from before it or from behind it. It is the sending down
from the One, the Wise, the Praised."41:42.
With the exception of the miraculous Koran, all
the other miracles ceased to exist after the time of their prophet and only
narrations of their wonders remain. The
Glorious Koran contains clear verses and miracles
all of which are present in this day and age and will remain so despite the
passing of centuries. This miracle is a decisive proof that no truthful person
would ever doubt.
Those who deviated have been proven ineffective
and their opposition flawed, none have been able to produce a valid argument,
nor yet compose even a couple of words that would detract an atom's weight from
the Koran.
Section 11 - A kaleidoscope of the Koran's inimitability
Scholars and laymen have also drawn attention to
various other facets of the inimitability of the Arabic Koran. One such facet
is that it has been observed that neither reciter nor listener ever tire of its
recital. It has been found that the repeated recitation of the Koran serves
only to increase its sweetness which in turn causes a greater love, whereas,
other words, even though they may be of the most eloquent lose their attraction
and in the long term turn to be tedious.
The Arabic Holy Koran is a delight to recite in
times of solitude and an excellent companion during times of crisis - no other
book possesses these qualities, and over time reciters have developed a variety
of rhythms and methods for its recital that add to its vibrancy.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
described the Koran saying, "Even when it is recited frequently, it never
becomes tedious. Its lessons are never ending and its wonders never fade."
Scholars can never satiated by it, nor yet passions misguided, and tongues do
not mistake it. It is that which the jinn would not abandon once they heard it.
They said, 'We have indeed heard a wonderful Koran that guides to the Right
Path.1 72:1 ".
Another facet that cannot be imitated is that it
draws together knowledge and faith both of which the Arabs, including Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, before his Prophethood, were for the
most part, unknown or else their knowledge was very scant consequently little
attention was paid to them. As for other nations, they had neither books nor
scholarly persons and so they were unable to teach.
Furthermore, the Koran gathers together and
clarifies the science of Law, and informs of ways in which intellectual proofs
are deduced. Through the use of simple, concise expressions strong arguments
posed by deviant sects are disproved. From time to time unsuccessful attempts
have been made to establish comparable proofs to those established in the
Koran, however, none were able to accomplish their aim.
Take for example the saying of Allah, "Is
He who created the heavens and the earth unable to create their like? Yes,
indeed." 36:81. Also, "He will quicken them who originated
them the first time."36:79. And, "Had there been gods in heaven
or earth, other than Allah, both would indeed have been ruined."
21:22.
One discovers in the Koran the science of
prophetic events (seerah), as well as the history of former nations. It warns,
displays wisdom, defines ethics and virtues as well as giving information about
the life to come in the Hereafter. Allah informs us, "We have neglected
nothing in the Book."6:38. Also, "And We sent down to you the
Remembrance so that you can make clear to people what has been sent down to
them. " 16:44. And, "In this Koran, We have set forth for
mankind all manner of examples." 30:58.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
tells us, "The Koran was sent down by Allah as an order, a prevention, a
way to be followed and a parable. In it is your history, news about that which
came before you and that which will come after you and right judgment between
you. Neither its repetition is untiring nor its wonders unending. Indeed, it is
the truth and not a jest. Whosoever recites it speaks the truth and whosoever
judges by it is just. Whosoever argues with it is the winner, and whosoever
divides by it is fair. Whosoever acts by it will be rewarded and whosoever
clings to it is guided to the Straight Path, but whosoever seeks guidance from
other than it Allah will misguide. Allah will destroy whosoever judges with
other than it. It is the Wise Remembrance, the Clear Light, the Straight Path,
the Firm rope of Allah, and a beneficial healing. For whosoever clings to it
there is protection and rescue for whosoever follows its. It contains no
crookedness and puts matters straight. It has no deviation and therefore is not
blameworthy.
A similar saying was transmitted by Masood's son
with the addition, "It neither differs nor yet loses it freshness, and
contains news of the first to the last."
In a Divine Hadith, Allah tells Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, "I am sending down a Holy Reading on you. It
will open eyes that are blind, ears that are deaf and hearts that are sealed.
It contains springs of knowledge and the fountain of wisdom, and it is the
pasture of hearts."
Of the Koran, Ka'b Al Ahbar said, "There is
no substitute for the Koran, it is the understanding of intellects and the
light of wisdom."
Not withstanding the conciseness of its phrases
and the concentration of its words, is another facet of the Koran's
inimitability, it gathers far more than that contained in the lengthier
scriptures. This is on account of the fact that its composition, descriptive
beauty and eloquence are used as further proof of its inimitability. In its
eloquence lie not only the commands of Allah but His prohibitions as well as
His promise and threat. Whosoever is blessed to recite it grasps, at the same
time, both the proof and obligation in either a single word or a single chapter.
Although the Koran is within the realm of verse
composition, it is of the kind unknown anywhere else. It cannot be said that it
is in the form of prose because its verses are easier upon the soul and ears,
and its understanding sweeter. A listener inclines to it more easily and
passions are quickly aroused upon its hearing. Allah made its memorization easy
and says, "We have made the Koran easy to remember. " 54:17.
Other nations to whom a Book was sent were unable to memorize their Book,
whereas Muslim children are blessed by the easement of memorization of the Holy
Koran in just a short time.
Another facet of its inimitability is that some
parts were sent down in resemblance to others. One finds in their different
parts an excellence of harmony, as well as harmony in its divisions. Then,
there is the beauty of the leading from one story to the next, or one subject
to another with different meanings. The same chapter may include both commands,
and prohibitions, information and inquiry, promises or threats, affirmation of
the Prophethood, the confirmation of the Oneness of Allah, the arousal of
longing and fear as well as other matters. It has been said that Arabic like
this can be found elsewhere, however, it is not powerful and the purity of its
style is not soft, and its beauty is inferior, and phrasing inconsistent.
Take for example the beginning of Chapter 38
"Saad". This chapter contains information about those who disbelieve,
their division, and the destruction of their previous generations. It also
tells of their refusal to accept Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, even though they were amazed by what he brought. It tells how their
council agreed not to believe and reveals their envy, incapacity and weakness.
It informs them of the disgrace that will befall them not only in this life but
in the life of the Hereafter. It also speaks of the rejection of previous
nations to whom a prophet was sent and their subsequent destruction by Allah,
and the warning that the same would happen to them if they persisted in
disbelief. It also speaks of the inquiry of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, his patience and his solace for all that had happened. The chapter
continues and speaks of Prophet David and narrates stories of other prophets, peace
be upon all of them. All this was sent down in the best form of composition and
with the concise use of words, some of which contain sentences that effectively
contain only a few words.
What has been brought to your attention is just a
sampling of the inimitability of the Holy Koran, there are many more facets
some of which have been mentioned in previous sections.
You will have snatched a glimpse of the unending
special properties and wonders of the Koran by now, and the reality of its
inimitability is found in the first four facets, therefore rely on them. Allah
is the granter of success!
Section 12 - The miraculous splitting of the moon
and the delaying of the setting of the sun
(In 2006 the BBC -British Broadcasting Company -
transmitted news of scientific evidence revealed in reports received from NASA
that astronauts saw signs of a crack going across the moon. This important
discovery was recorded and reported by David Pidcock, President of the Muslim
British Party.)
The Koran narrates the miraculous event of the
splitting of the moon saying, "The Hour is drawing near, and the moon
is split (in two). Yet if they see a sign (the unbelievers) turn their backs
and say, 'This is but a continuation of sorcery!'" 54:1-2. The first
verse was revealed at the time of the miracle. Masood's son and others shed
further light upon this miraculous event saying, "During the time of the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, the moon was split into two.
One part was seen above the mountain (Mount Hira) whilst the other was seen
below and the Messenger of Allah called upon the people to witness."
Masood Al Aswad confirmed, "I saw the mountain between the two halves of
the moon..."
This miraculous event occurred in Mecca when the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was walking with some of his Companions
one night, and were met by a party of unbelievers who issued the challenge.
However, despite seeing it with their own eyes, the unbelievers declared,
"The son of Abu Kabsha has bewitched you!" (Abu Kabsha was the
husband of the Prophet's foster mother Halima). Another declared, "If
Muhammad has bewitched the moon, then his magic will not have reached all
places of the earth. Ask those who come from other cities whether or not they
saw it." When they were asked about the occurrence they too confirmed that
they had witnessed its splitting.
Abu Jahl, the arch-enemy of the Prophet
exclaimed, "This is magic, send word to the people living in remote areas
and ask whether they saw it or not." They too confirmed that they had seen
the miraculous event, but the unbelievers remained in their arrogance saying,
"This is but a continuation of magic."
This miraculous sign was clearly evident despite
its objectors. It would not have been hidden from anyone although its news has
not been reported by other nations of the earth. However, one must be aware
that the moon rises and sets at different times according to the hemispheres of
the earth, also clouds and mountains are another factor that could block its
sighting. One is no doubt aware that eclipses can occur in one country but only
a partial eclipse is viewed elsewhere, and as Allah tells us, "that is
the decree of the Almighty, the Knower." 36:38.
Asma, Umaysh's daughter relates an incident that
occurred during the encounter at Khybar. It was afternoon and the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was resting in Ali's tent when he received a
Revelation and had not prayed the Asr prayer. He asked Ali if he had prayed
whereupon Ali told him that he had not done so. Upon hearing this he
supplicated saying, "O Allah, if it is in Your obedience and the obedience
of Your Messenger return the sun from its setting to him!", so that he
might pray the afternoon prayer on time. Asma said that she had seen the sun
set and then saw it rise again, and that it stopped between the mountain and
the earth. Ahmad Salih's son stressed the importance of this transmission
saying, "Whosoever seeks the path of knowledge must not neglect the
learning of this narration from Asma, because it is among the signs of
Prophethood."
The sun was prevented from setting upon another
occasion. Isaac's son tells us, that upon the return from the Night Journey,
the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, informed his people that
a caravan in which there was a sign was approaching Mecca. When he was asked
what day it would arrive, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told his
inquirer, "Wednesday". The days passed and when Wednesday came the
Koraysh curiously looked for the caravan. The day was about to pass and the
caravan had not arrived, so the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated to Allah asking Him to increase the day by an hour, and the sun was
withheld from setting and the caravan arrived.
Section 13 - The miracle of the water that flowed from the fingers
of the Prophet
There are many reports by the Companions that
relate to numerous occasions when water was witnessed flowing from the fingers
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
Anas tells us that it was time for the Asr prayer
when he caught sight of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him.
His followers searched for water to make the obligatory ablution but were
unable to find any. However, there was a little water available and so it was
brought to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, who put his hand in the
vessel and water began to flow from his fingertips. The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, told his followers to make their ablution with that water
and each and every follower was able to make their ablution from that blessed
water. Katada sheds further light upon this miracle and tells us that there
were approximately three hundred people who made their ablution with that
water. However, other reports indicate there were eighty, and another seventy.
The following miracle occurred on the Day of
Hudabiyyah when the pilgrims were very thirsty. The Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, had a container from which he would make ablution and in
it there was still some water. The pilgrims went to him and told him that they
had no water and the only available water was that in his container. Upon
hearing this, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, put his hand in the
container whereupon water began to flow from between his fingers just like
springs. Jabir who reported this miraculous event was asked how many people
they were, whereupon he replied, "There would have been sufficient if we
had been a hundred thousand, and we were just fifteen thousand!"
At the encounter of Bowat a similar miracle
occurred. The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, asked Jabir to
bring him some water to make ablution. However, only a dry water skin with a
few drops of water could be found, and this was brought to him. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, pressed it and supplicated, then asked for a
caravan bowl to be brought to him. Then, with his fingers spread out in a bowl
Jabir poured the drops over them. And as the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "In the Name of Allah" water began to flow from his
fingers. Then, it began to gush into the bowl until it was full and he ordered
his followers to use the water. Everyone made their ablution and he inquired if
anyone was still in need of water. Now that their needs had been met the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, withdrew his hand from the bowl and it
was still full.
One day whilst on a journey, Ash-Sha'bi tells us,
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was brought a small vessel of water
and informed that this was the only remaining water. The Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, poured the water into a bowl and then dipped his
fingers in the middle and water gushed from his fingers. Each of his Companions
who came to him were able to make their ablution.
At-Tirmidhi draws our attention to the fact that
all these miraculous events took place before many people, and no one can
suspect or doubt their occurrence. If it had not been so, rest assured that the
Companions would have been the first to speak out about it as they were never
silent about an untruth. None raised the slightest objection to the reports of
these miraculous events. They both witnessed and experienced them, so it can be
said that each and everyone confirmed the occurrence of these miracles.
Section 14 -
The miracle of the water that flowed on account of the blessing of the Prophet
There are several reports of water flowing from
the Prophet's hands by his blessing, or its increment simply by his touch and
supplication.
Mu'adh, Jabal's son narrates the happenings at
Tabuk. He tells us that they came upon an almost dried-up spring of water that
was scarcely dripping. They scooped up the drops from the spring with their
hands and put it into a container. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
then washed his face letting the drops of water that fell from him fall back
into the container and water began to pour forth and quenched the thirst of all
his Companions. Isaac's son added, that the water welled up from the residue of
water as fast as lightning. Thereafter, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, told Mu'adh that if he were to live for a long time he would see what was
there watering gardens.
At Hudaybiyah, we are told by Al Bara', there
were approximately 14,000 men, and the water well they found was insufficient
to provide for even fifty sheep. The Companions crowded around the well until
not one single drop remained. Then, the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, came and sat beside it and a pail was brought to him in which he blew
some of his saliva and supplicated. Salama reported that he either supplicated
or blew some of his salvia in it whereupon water gushed forth and there was
sufficient water for themselves and enough to fill their containers. Shehab's son
tells us he drew an arrow from its quiver, and placed it in the bottom of the
dried up water well, and an excess of water flowed so that it became a
water-hole sufficient for the needs of animals.
One day, as Imran, Hussain's son tells us, the
Companions faced great thirst. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
two of his Companions that they would find a woman in a certain place with a
camel carrying two waterskins. The woman was located where he said she would
be found and they brought her to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, who
filled a container with the water from the skins and then supplicated, after
which he poured the water back into the skins. The skins were opened and he
told his Companions to fill their water containers with its water and this they
did. Afterwards, Imran commented, "It appeared to me that after that, the
skins contained even more water." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was thankful and told his Companions to give the woman some provisions and
she filled her robe with them. Then he told her, "You may go, we did not
take any of your water, Allah has given us water."
Omar, tells of another occasion as the Companions
were on the march they were afflicted by such thirst that one of them was
prepared to kill his camel to squeeze its stomach and drink its contents. Abu
Bakr went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and asked him to
supplicate for relief from their thirst, whereupon the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, raised his hands, and before he lowered them a rain cloud
appeared and poured out its rain, and all the Companions were able to fill
their containers. The rain cloud did not pour its rain anywhere else, it only
fell on the Companions.
As Amr, Shu'aby's son rode behind the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, at Dhu'l Majaz he heard Abu Talib say to him,
"I don't have any water with me and I am thirsty." The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, dismounted and struck the ground with his feet
whereupon water gushed forth, and he invited him to drink." (There is a
similarity between this miracle and the one of Zamzam when the Angel Gabriel
struck the ground for Lady Haggar and her son Ishmael, who was the Prophet's
great grand father, so that they may drink many centuries before).
Section 15 - The miracle of the increase in the
amount of food on account of his blessings and supplication
Narrations abound that speak of the increase of
food on account of the blessings and supplications of our beloved Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, the following are but a selection.
Jabir, Abdullah's son tells us of the time a man
came to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asking for some food. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave him half a measurement (wazk) of
barley and the man, his wife and guests ate from it continuously until the man
decided to weigh it. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told him that
if he had not weighed it, he would have continued to eat from it and it would
have remained with him.
On another occasion Anas came to the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, with a few loaves of barley bread under his arm.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked for the bread to be broken up
then supplicated with what Allah willed him to say over them, and the bread
became sufficient to feed seventy or eighty of his Companions.
The Companions, numbering approximately one
thousand, were digging of the fortification trench around Medina were very
hungry. Jabir tells us how the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
miraculously fed them all from a small measurement of barley, and a lamb. As
the dough was being prepared for bread, the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, blew some of his salvia onto the dough and pot, and it was
blessed. Jabir said, "I swear by Allah, all ate and after they left the
pot was as full as it had been at the beginning."
A similar miracle occurred and Thabit tells us
how an Ansari man and his wife brought a handful of food to the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, who spread it in a container then
supplicated with what Allah willed him to say. Every member of the household
and building ate until they were replete, as did their guests. After all had
taken their fill, the same amount of food remained in the container.
Abu Ayyub tells us of the time when he had
prepared enough food for the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
and Abu Bakr. When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, arrived he told
him to go and invite thirty Ansari nobles. This he did, and they came, ate and
left. Then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told him to invite sixty
more, and the same thing happened. Thereafter Abu Ayyub was told to invite
seventy more, and once again they all ate until they were replete and still
some food remained. All who ate embraced Islam and gave their allegiance to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Abu Ayyub tells us that all told a
hundred and eighty men ate from the food.
Another report has reached us via Samura,
Jundub's son that tells of a bowl containing some meat that was brought to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and how people kept coming in succession
from morning to night and all ate from it. As soon as one group of people got
up after taking their fill, another group sat down and ate, and so it
continued.
Abdur Rahman, Abu Bakr's son tells of the time
when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and a hundred and thirty men
were together and there was only a small measure of flour that was made into
dough, and that there was a sheep that was prepared then its offal roasted. All
took a piece of its offal, then, two plates were made from it and they all ate
together, when they had satisfied their need two plates remained and Abdur
Rahman took them back with him.
Abu Hurayrah together with several other
Companions spoke of the time when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
and his followers went on an expedition and grew very hungry. Only a little of
their provisions remained and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked
for them to be brought to him, whereupon each brought a handful or a little bit
more of food. The most anyone brought was two scoops of the hand of dates. All
the provisions were placed on a mat, and as Salama estimated, the quantity was
comparable to that of the weight of a goat. Then the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, told his followers to bring their containers and each container
was filled to capacity, and even after all had taken, the same amount of food
remained as at the beginning, and Abu Hurayrah said that if all the peoples of
the world had come to him, it would have sufficed them.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
Abu Hurayrah to invite all the people of the Suffa (the poor people who lived
in an extension of the Mosque in Medina) on his behalf. When all were gathered
a plate was set before them and they each ate whatever they wished and then
left. After all had eaten the plate of food remained as it had been when
presented to him, the only difference being that there were finger marks on it.
When the tribe of Abdul Muttalib met together,
there being forty in number, Ali, Abu Talib's son tells us the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, placed a small measure of food before them from which
they all ate until they were replete. The food that remained was equal to that
at the beginning of the meal. Then, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
asked for a cup and they all drank from it until their thirst was quenched, and
the same amount remained in the cup just as if none had drunk from it.
A house was built for Lady Zainab and Anas tells
us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked him to invite certain
people to the house. The house was full and a container with some prepared
dates was brought to him into which he dipped three fingers. The invitees began
to eat and then leave and there remained in the container the same amount as at
the beginning. Seventy-one or seventy-two people accepted the invitation.
Ali tells of the occasion when his wife, Lady
Fatima, may Allah be pleased with them, prepared a pot of food for their supper
then asked him to go and request the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to
join them. When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, arrived, he asked
her to make a plate for each of his wives, and then one for himself and Ali,
and one for herself. When Lady Fatima lifted the pot, it overflowed and she
said, "We ate what Allah willed from it."
Four hundred riders from a branch of the tribe of
Hanifa, called Ahmas, arrived and Omar, Al Khattab's son tells us that he
informed the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that only a few scoops of
food remained. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told him to go, so he
went to provide for them from it. There had been just a small amount of dates
sufficient for a small kneeling camel, but after all had taken their fill the
same amount remained. Dukayn Al-Amasi reported a similar version, however, he
mentioned that the riders were from Muzayna.
Abdullah, Jabir's father passed away in debt.
Jabir offered his capital to his father's creditors who were Jews but they
refused the offer and there were insufficient dates in the harvest to repay two
years of debts. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told Jabir to divide
the creditors into groups, beginning with the basic debts and to come to him
once he had done so. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, went amongst
the creditors and called, and Jabir paid his father's debts in full. After all
had been paid what remained was the usual crop of dates harvested each year. It
has also been reported that the same amount that had been used to repay
remained. The creditors were astounded!
Abu Hurayrah tells of the time when the army of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, were suffering from hunger, so he
went to him, and asked if there was anything to eat. Abu Hurayrah told him that
there were some dates whereupon, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
asked for them to be brought to him. When they were brought he put his hand in
the bag and brought out a handful of dates and supplicated for blessings and
told him to call ten people to come and eat, and all ate until they were
replete. Then a further ten came and so it continued until the entire army had taken
their fill. Now that they had been satisfied, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told him to take what he brought and put his hand in the bag, but not
to turn it upside down. Abu Hurayrah ate continuously from the bag throughout
the lifetimes of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Abu Bakr and Omar
right up until the time Othman was martyred when the blessing ceased.
Abu Hurayrah also tells us of the time when he
was in the company of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and felt very
hungry whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked him to
accompany him. A cup of milk had been given to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, so he asked the people of the Suffa to come. Abu Hurayrah, who was
weak with hunger asked, "Is the milk for them? I am in greater need of it
to regain my strength." Abu Hurayrah did as he was asked and called the
people to come and drink. Each of the people of the Suffa drank from the milk
until they were satisfied, then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, took
the cup and said, "You and I remain, sit and drink". Abu Hurayrah
started to drink and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, kept telling
him to drink more until he exclaimed, 'No, by the One who sent you with the truth,
there is no room for anymore, whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, took the cup, praised Allah and said, "In the Name of Allah",
and drank.
Khalid, Abdul Uzza's son had a large family, and
one sheep was never sufficient to feed all of them. One day the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, slaughtered a sheep, ate from it and put the rest into
Khalid's pot and supplicated for it to be blessed for him so that it might be
distributed amongst his family. All of Khalid's family ate from it and when they
had finished there was some left over.
Al Ajurri recalled the marriage between Lady
Fatima, daughter of the Prophet and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them, and
tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, ordered Bilal to bring
a pot of four or five measures and sacrifice a sheep for the wedding feast.
Bilal brought the sheep and slaughtered it, and the guests came in several
groups and all ate, yet there still remained some left over. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, blessed what remained and asked for it to be
taken to his wives with the invitation to eat from it and have their supper.
In celebration of the marriage of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, Anas's mother, Umm Sulaym prepared food which
Anas put in a pot and took to him. The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, asked him to put it down and go and invite certain people and
whosoever he met. Anas did as he was bidden, no one was left out, as for those
he met there were approximately three hundred invitees, who filled the Suffa
and the room to capacity. As they arrived, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told them to sit in circles of ten, then he placed his hand on the
food and supplicated with whatever Allah willed him to say. All ate until they
could eat no more, and after they had finished the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, asked Anas to take it away, and he comment, "I did not know
whether there was more when I first put it down or when I picked it up."
As we mentioned before, all of these reports are
authentic and confirmed by the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah be pleased
with them, who never remained silent about an untruth. There are many more
miraculous events recorded in authentic references.
Section 16 - The miracle of the tree that spoke.
It's answering to the Prophet's call and its witnessing to his Prophethood
Omar's son tells of the time, he and others
accompanied the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, upon a journey, when a
Bedouin came to him so he asked where he was going. The Bedouin replied that he
was going to his family, whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
asked, "Do you want something good?" The Bedouin asked, "What is
it?" to which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "It
is that you bear witness that there is no god except Allah, alone without a
partner and that Muhammad is His worshiper and Messenger." The Bedouin
inquired, "Who will bear witness to what you say?" He replied,
"That Mimosa tree" whereupon the tree advanced from the edge of a
dried up water bed plowing up the ground until it stood before him. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked it to bear witness three times,
and this it did and thereafter returned to its place.
There is a lengthy transmission of Jabir,
Abdullah's son in which he says that they were near the edge of a dried up
water bed that had two trees and the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, felt the need to relieve himself however there was nothing to screen
him. So the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, went to one of
the trees and took hold of a branch and said, "Let me lead you by the
permission of Allah" and gently proceeded to lead it like a haltered
camel. He did the same with the other tree until the trees stood side by side,
then he said to them "By the permission of Allah, join together for
me" and this they did.
In another version, Jabir said to the tree,
"The Messenger of Allah requests you to join your companion so he can sit
behind you." Whereupon it forged ahead and joined its companion, and he
sat between them. Jabir said, "I returned in haste and sat down, talking
to myself, and when I turned around I saw the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, coming. The trees parted from each other and stood alone as
they had done originally and the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, stopped for a moment and indicated right and left as he moved his
head."
Osama, Zaid's son reports a similar occasion when
they were on an expedition. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, felt the
need to relieve himself and asked if there was anywhere. Osama told him that
the dried up water bed had no place of concealment, so the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, asked if any palm trees or stones had been seen. Osama told
him that he had seen some scattered palm-trees and some stones, so the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "Go and tell them that the Messenger
of Allah commands them to come to his assistance. He also told him to say the
same to the stones and this he did. Osama swore to the miracle saying, "By
the One who has sent him with the truth, I saw the palm-trees draw near to each
other until they joined and the stones came together until they formed a mound
behind the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him." After he had relieved
himself he told Osama to tell them to part, and Osama swore again saying,
"By He who sent him with the truth, I saw the palm-trees and stones part
and return to their places." A similar miracle took place at Hunain.
Ya'la, Murra's son reports a miracle he witnessed
and tells us that he saw either a palm or mimosa tree come and circle around
them, then return to its place. The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, told those who were with him, "It asked permission to greet
me."
Abdullah, Masood's son tells us, as do numerous
other transmitters, of a night when a tree told the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, that jinn were present and listening to him. Mujahid added that
the jinn asked, "Who will be witness for you?" The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, replied, "This tree, come forward tree!" and
the tree came dragging its roots making a clumping sound.
During the encounter at Ta'if, Furak's son tells
us that as they traveled through the night, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, became a little sleepy. There was a Lote-tree growing in his path
that split into two and thereby enable him to pass through it. At the time
Judge Eyad compiled this reference, the tree with its split trunk existed and
was well known. Allah willing (inshaAllah), it still remains.
One day, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was somewhat concerned and Anas tells of the time when the Archangel
Gabriel came to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and asked,
"Shall I show you a sign?" He replied, "Yes". The Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, glanced towards a tree beyond the dried
up river bed and said, "Call that tree" and it came walking until it
stood in front of him, then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"Command it to return" and it returned to its place.
Imam Ali mentions a similar account but does not
mention Gabriel, and tells us the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated saying, "O Allah, show me a sign so that I will never again be
concerned about those who envy me." Like the previous hadith, a tree was
called upon and the narration reads the same. The concern of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was because of the unbeliever's rejection of the
truth he brought. The sign was for them, not for himself.
Rukana Al Muttalibi, was the strongest amongst
the Koraysh; he was an undefeated wrestler. The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, wrestled with him twice and overcame him on both occasions. Rukana
was astonished by his defeat so the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
offered to show him something more amazing. Isaac's son tells us that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, showed Rukana a similar sign and a tree
was called, then came and stood before him, thereafter it was told to return
and it returned.
The grandson of the Prophet, Al Hasan, Ali's son,
peace be upon them, tells us of the time when the Koraysh were causing the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, great concern, so he complained to His
Lord and asked for a sign with which he would know he had nothing to fear. He
was told to go to a certain dried up river bed in which there grew a particular
tree and to call one of its branches, and that the branch would come to him.
This he did and the tree plowed its way through the earth until it stood before
him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, let it remain for as long as
Allah willed it to remain, then told it to return in the same way it had come.
The tree obeyed and returned to is former place whereupon the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, said, "O Lord, I know now I have nothing to
fear."
Omar narrated a similar miracle to the preceding
that reads, "Show me a sign in order that I will never be concerned about
anyone belying me", thereafter the miracle follows the same sequence.
Abbas' son tells of the conversation between the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and a Bedouin. The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, asked a Bedouin, "Tell me whether I should call the
trunk of this palm-tree to bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allah."
The Bedouin replied in the affirmative, so he called it and it began to plow a
path until it reached them and bore witness. Then he told it to return, thereupon
the Bedouin embraced Islam.
Section 17 - The miracle of the Palm trunk that
wailed at its separation from the Prophet
This touching event in which the palm trunk
wailed on account of its separation from the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, has been widely reported and is very well known, and has been transmitted
by at least ten of the Companions.
Jabir, Abdullah's son tells us that the Prophet's
Mosque was built from the trunks of palm-trees with a roof laid over them.
During sermons, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon, would lean against one
of its trunks, but when a pulpit was built for him they heard the trunk let out
a sound similar to that of a camel.
Anas tells us that the mosque shook with its
wailing, and Sahl informs us that the congregation wept profusely when they saw
what was happening. Al- Muttalib said, "It nearly split and burst apart,
then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, went to it and placed his hand
upon it and it became quieted."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his followers, "This trunk wails because it remembers what it lost."
Another added, "By the One in whose hand is
my soul, if he had not consoled it, it would have remained wailing like that up
until the Day of Resurrection on account of its grieving for the Messenger of
Allah" praise and peace be upon him.
Anas informs us that the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, gave instructions for the trunk to be buried
under the pulpit. Sahl said that it was either buried under the pulpit or else
placed on the roof.
Ubay mentions that as the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, prayed, the trunk would lean towards him, and during the
reconstruction of the Mosque he took it and it remained in his possession until
termites finally consumed it and it turned to dust.
Al Isfira'ini adds, "The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, called it to come to him and it came plowing its way through
the ground and clung to him. Then he told it to return to its place."
Burayda tells of the conversation between the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the palm-trunk. The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, spoke to it saying, "If you like, I will put you
back in the garden you came from so that your roots can grow and your shape be
restored, and you will bear fruit and leaves once more. Or, if you prefer, I
will plant you in the Garden so that the friends of Allah may eat of your
fruit." The palm trunk replied, "Yes, plant me in the Garden so that
the friends of Allah may eat from me, and I will be in a place where I will not
decay." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "This I have
done." Then he said, "It has chosen the Lasting Above over that of
the passing." Those who were near heard what was said.
Whenever Al-Hasan, the grandson of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, narrated this story, he would weep and say,
"Worshipers of Allah, the wood yearned for the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, and longed for him because of his position, it is you
who should yearn to meet him!"
Many of the closest Companions transmitted this
story, and many followers narrated it from them.
Section 18 - Miracles relating to inanimate things
There were many occasions in which the inanimate
were heard exalting Allah in the hands of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him. Masood's son mentions, "While food was being eaten we would hear it
exalting its Lord."
Anas tells us of a handful of pebbles that
exalted Allah, saying, "The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, took a
handful of pebbles and they exalted Allah in the palm of his hand and we heard
their exaltation. Then he poured them into the hand of Abu Bakr and their
exaltation of Allah continued. Thereafter they were poured into our hands and
still they continued to exalt Allah."
Imam Ali tells us of the time when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was visiting a certain district in Mecca and as
he passed each and every tree and mountain it greeted him saying 'Peace be upon
you, O Messenger of Allah."
Jabir, Samura's son reports the saying of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in Medina, "I know a stone in Mecca
that used to greet me." It was said that the stone was the Black Stone.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
Lady Ayesha that when Gabriel came to him with a message, every stone or tree
he passed would greet him saying, "Peace be upon you, O Messenger of
Allah."
We are told by Jabir, Abdullah's son that when
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon happened to pass by a tree or rock it
would bow to him.
Abbas' son tells of the time when the walls of
the house spoke, saying that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had
wrapped himself and his grandsons in a cloak and made a supplication that asked
that they would be shielded from the Fire just as he had shielded them with his
cloak, whereupon the walls of the house said, "Ameen, Ameen."
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
became ill, Jafar, Muhammad's son tell us that Gabriel brought him a plate on
which there were pomegranates and grapes. As the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, ate from it, and it exalted Allah.
One day, as the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, accompanied by Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman were climbing the mountain of
Uhud it started to shake. Anas tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said to it, "Uhud be stable, a prophet, a man whose status is
that of sincerity and two martyrs are on you."
Abu Huraryrah tells of a similar incident that
occurred on Mount Hira, but this time those who were with the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, were Ali, Talha and As-Zubair, and the Prophet spoke to
it saying, "There is only a prophet, or a man whose status is that of
sincerity, or a martyr on you."
Othman says that there were ten Companions with
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and that he was one of them, and
added Abdur Rahman and Saad to the names however he said that there were two
others but he had forgotten who they were. Sa'id, Zaid's son reported something
similar, he too mentioned that there were ten and included himself.
The Koraysh were in pursuit of Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, when he reached Mount Thabir. The mountain spoke
to him saying, "Go down, O Messenger of Allah, I am fearful that they will
kill you on my back and then Allah will punish me." Whereupon another
mountain, the mountain of Hira called out "To me, O Messenger of Allah."
Omar's son tells us of the time when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him stood on the pulpit and recited "They have
not valued Allah with His true value." 6:91. Then he said, "The
Compeller exalts Himself, saying, 'I am the Compeller, I am the Compeller, I am
the Great, the Self-Exalted." Upon hearing this, the pulpit shook so much
that they exclaimed, "He will fall from it!"
Abbas' son tells us that there were three hundred
and sixty idols placed around the Ka'ba, and the feet of the idols were
reinforced with lead mounted in stone. When the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, entered the Mosque in the Year of Victory, he pointed the
staff he held towards them, but did not touch them. Then he recited the verse "Truth
has come and falsehood has vanished." 17:81 and whenever he pointed at
the face of an idol, it fell on its back and when he pointed to its back, it
fell on its face and so it continued until not one single idol remained
standing."
Masood's son said something similar adding,
"When he began to destroy them he recited the verse, "Truth has
come. Falsehood has vanished and shall return no more. " 34:49.
At-Tirmidhi tells us that even before his
Prophethood when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was a young boy traveling
with his uncle and others of the Koraysh to trade in far off lands, a hermit
monk who never left his home for anyone, came out to see him. Upon seeing the
young boy he took hold of his hand and declared, "This is the master of
the worlds. Allah will send him as a mercy to the worlds." The Korayshi
merchants asked how he knew this and he replied he had not seen even one stone
or a single tree that did not bow to him. Then the monk informed them that they
only bow to a prophet. The monk also told them that he had seen a cloud shading
him and that when he arrived he found that some people had already seated
themselves in the shade of the tree, but when he sat down the shade moved to
him.
Section 19 - Miracles connected with animals
Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, tells
us of a pet they used to have, she said, "When the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, was with us it stayed in its place without
moving. It was only when he went out that it would move about."
Omar tells us of the time when a Bedouin who had
caught a lizard came up to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and his
Companions, and asked them who the Prophet was. The Companions replied that he
was the Prophet of Allah. Upon hearing this the Bedouin swore by the two pagan
gods Al Lat and Al Uzza saying, "I do not believe you, neither does this
lizard!" and threw it in front of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, called the lizard and it
answered in clear human speech so that everyone could hear, "Obedient to
you, O adornment of the One who will bring the Resurrection!" The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, asked the lizard, "Who do you worship? And
it replied, "The One whose throne is in the heaven and whose power is in
the earth, whose path is in the sea, whose mercy is in the Garden, and whose
punishment is in the Fire." Then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, asked, "Who am I?" and it replied, "The Messenger of the
Lord of the Worlds and the Seal of the Prophets.
Whosoever bears witness that this is so is
successful and whosoever belies you is lost!" Upon witnessing this
miraculous event the Bedouin embraced Islam.
Abu Sa'id Al Khudri tells us a story about a wolf
that spoke, and the following is an extract. A shepherd was herding his sheep
when a wolf snatched one of them, however, the shepherd succeeded to get it
back. Rather than running away, the wolf sat down on its haunches and said,
"Don't you fear Allah? You have come between me and my provision!"
The shepherd exclaimed, "How extraordinary, a wolf that speaks just like a
human!" The wolf replied, "Shall I tell you something that is even
more extraordinary? The Messenger of Allah who is now between those two passes
tells his people news of past happenings!" The shepherd went to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and told him what had happened,
whereupon he told the shepherd, "Arise and tell the people" The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "The wolf spoke the
truth."
We learn more about this miraculous event in the
version from Abu Hurayrah who tells us, that the wolf said, "You are even
more extraordinary! Here you are standing with your sheep and abandoning the
Prophet, and Allah places greater value on him than any previous prophet. The
Gates of the Garden have been opened for him and its inhabitants look at his
Companions to see what they are doing. Only this ravine stands between you and him,
so go and join the army of Allah." The shepherd (whose name was Ahban,
Aws's son) said, "Who will care for my sheep?" The wolf replied,
"I will guard them for you until you return." So the shepherd left
the wolf in charge of his flock. When he reached the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, he told the shepherd, "Return to your sheep, you will find
them all there." The shepherd returned and not one was missing so he
slaughtered one for the wolf. Ahban, Aws's son embraced Islam.
Another story has reached us from Wahb's son. Abu
Sufyan Harb's son and Safwan, Umayyah's son came across a wolf chasing a
gazelle. The gazelle entered the Holy Precincts but the wolf did not pursue it.
The two expressed their amazement and the wolf spoke saying, "It is even
more extraordinary that Muhammad, Abdullah's son calls you to the Garden, while
you call him to the Fire." Abu Sufyan swore by Al lat and Al uzza (two
pagan gods), and said, "If you had mentioned this in Mecca, it would have
been deserted." A similar incident occurred to Abu Jahl and his
companions.
Before he embraced Islam Abbas, Mirdas's son
worshiped an idol named Damari. One day he heard some poetry coming from around
it in which Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned. Then
a bird swooped down and said, "Abbas, do you marvel at what was said
around Damari but do not wonder at yourself when the Messenger of Allah calls
you to Islam, and you sit here!"
Jabir, Abdullah's son tells us of an event that
happened during the siege of Khybar. During the siege of one of the fortresses
of Khybar, a man came to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and
embraced Islam. The man had been herding some sheep for the people of Khybar,
and asked the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, what he should do about
the sheep. He was told to throw some pebbles at their faces and that Allah
would take care of his trust for him and return them to their owners. The man
did as he was told and all the sheep returned to their owners (this is a fine
example of how the Prophet upheld the rights of the unbelievers).
Anas tells of the occasion when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, accompanied by Abu Bakr, Omar and an Ansar, went
into a garden belonging to another Ansar. There were some sheep in the garden and
when they saw the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, the sheep bowed to
him.
Whereupon Abu Bakr said, "It is a greater
obligation upon us to bow to you."
We learn from Tha'laba, Malik's son and others
the story of a rogue camel. No one entered a certain garden without being
attacked by a rogue camel, but when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
entered the garden, he called to it and it came, put its muzzle on the ground
and knelt before him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, placed a
halter around its neck and said, "There is nothing between the heavens and
the earth that does not know I am the Messenger of Allah, except the
disobedient amongst the jinn and mankind."
Other hadiths report occasions when camels spoke
to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. One complained that it was made
to work very hard and it was given only a little food. Another complained that
its owners wanted to slaughter it after they had made it work very hard ever
since it was very young. Abdullah, Abi Awfa's son says that one of these camels
had a split ear and after it had spoken to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, it was put out to pasture and wild animals never bothered it and
called to it saying, "You belong to Muhammad!" When the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, passed away, the camel refused to eat or drink and died.
It was the time for Eid, and Abdullah, Qurt's
son, tells us that there were either five, six or seven camels that came of
their own choosing to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, so that he
might sacrifice them.
A man was accused of stealing a she-camel,
whereupon the camel bore witness before the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, that the man was its rightful owner.
At the Opening of Mecca, Wahb's son, tells us
that the pigeons of Mecca shaded the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and
he supplicated to Allah to bless them.
Anas, amongst other Companions, tells us of and
event that took place during the migration of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, after he and Abu Bakr had reached the Cave. During the night, Allah
commanded a tree to grow in front of the Cave so that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, would be concealed. He also commanded two pigeons the perch
at the entrance of the Cave.
Another transmission adds that a spider spun its
web at the entrance of the Cave, and that when those who were in pursuit of him
saw the web they concluded, "If there had been anyone in there, the
pigeons would not have settled at its mouth." The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, undetected overheard what they said, and they left.
Lady Umm Salama, wife of the Prophet, may Allah
be pleased were her, narrated a touching story of a gazelle. One day as the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was in the desert he heard a gazelle
call "O Messenger of Allah!" whereupon he replied, "What is your
need?" The gazelle told him that a Bedouin had caught her and she had two
young fawns in the mountains, and asked him to release her so that she might go
and suckle them, and told him that she would return. The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, asked if she would indeed do as she said, and she replied
that she would. He released the gazelle and it went to suckle her fawns and
then returned, whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, tied her
up. When the Bedouin returned he saw the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, is there anything you want?" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, asked kindly, "Let this gazelle go." So the Bedouin let her go
and it ran off into the desert saying, "I bear witness that there is no
god except Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah."
Safina was a servant of the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him. One day Safina set sail in a boat and sailed in the
wrong direction and landed on an island in which there was a lion. As the lion
approached Safina told it, "I am the servant of the Messenger of
Allah," whereupon the lion nudged him with his shoulder and guided him to
the right direction.
One day the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, gently took hold of a sheep belonging to tribesmen from the tribe of Abdul
Kays by its ear, then let it go. A mark appeared and remained on its ear and
thereafter its lambs.
A donkey was given to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, at Khybar, and Abraham, Hammad's son tells us he asked,
"What is your name?" The donkey replied, "My name is Yazid,
Shehab's son." Thereafter, the Prophet named it Yafur and the donkey would
take him to the homes of his Companions and knock at the door with its head and
call them for him. When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, passed away,
the donkey grieved so much that it fell into a well and died.
Qani's son, tells us of the time that the army of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that numbered approximately three
hundred, had pitched camp in a place where there was no water, and they became
very thirsty. A goat came to the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, and he milked it and its milk sufficed the entire army. Then the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said to Abu Rafi, "I think you are its
owner" and added "the one who brought it, is the one to take it away."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
journeyed on a horse, and when the time for prayer arrived he told the horse,
"May Allah bless you, do not move until we have finished our prayer."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, turned to face the Qibla and the
horse did not move a muscle until he finished praying.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, sent
messengers to the kings. There were six messengers and all set out on the same
day and each found that he was able to speak the language of the people to whom
he was sent.
These are but a selection of hadiths, there are
many more.
Section 20 -
The miraculous revival the dead and their speech. Babies and suckling infants
that spoke and bore witness to his Prophethood
After the victory at Khybar, a roasted sheep was
prepared by a Jewess and Abu Hurayrah tells us that the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, and some of his Companions started to eat from
it. Then, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told them not to eat from
it because it had told him that it had been poisoned, however Bishr, Al Bara's
son had swallowed some and died. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
asked the Jewess why she had done this and she replied, "If you are a
prophet, what I did would be of no harm to you, if you are a king then I would
have freed people from you." In this narration it reads that she was to be
put to death.
In another version reported by Anas, and also Abu
Hurayrah, the Jewess told the Prophet, praise and peace e upon him, "I
wanted to kill you" whereupon he replied, "Allah would not have given
you the power to do so." The Companions said, "We will kill
her," but he told them "No."
Jabir, Abdullah's son sheds further light on the
attempt and tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told them
that it was the shoulder that told him of the poisoning, and he did not punish
the Jewess. Isaac's son also said that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, pardoned her (on his own behalf without her asking).
During the last illness of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, he said, "The food of Khybar returns to me and at
times, it makes me choke." Anas said that he would recognize the effects
of the poisoning on the lower lip of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him.
Isaac's son reports the opinion of other Muslims
that indicates that the honor of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
raised further still by Allah on account of the poisoning as he died the death
of a martyr.
Judge Eyad mentioned various transmissions that
relate to this incident from Abu Hurayrah, Anas and Jabir, and said he found in
the transmission of Abbas' son that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
handed her to the relatives of Bishr Al Bara's son who became ill and died a while
after on account of the effect of the poison and it is they who put her to
death.
The compliers of the reference of authentic
prophetic quotations relate the speech of the poisoned sheep has become well
known. However, there are some imams of theology including Imam Abdul Hasan Al
Ashari, and the Judge Abu Bakr Al Baqillani who disagree about the speech, some
of whom say that it was speech that Allah created in the dead sheep. They say
it is Allah who originates both the letters and sounds which are heard coming
from such without the alteration of their form or changing their shape. Others
are of the opinion that He puts life into them first and thereafter brings
forth speech from them. Both Al Ashari and Al Baqillani say that this is
possible and Allah knows best.
It is not impossible, that letters and voices
exist on their own without the presence of life, if life is not a precondition
for their existence. Whereas with the case of physical speech the existence of
life is a precondition because physical speech can only exist in something that
has life.
Wukay, Al Jurrah's son, tells us of a child who
had never spoken a word, but when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
asked, "Who am I?" The child replied, "The Messenger of
Allah."
In Mecca during the Farewell Pilgrimage Muarrid,
Muayqib's son tells us that he saw an amazing thing. A newly born baby was
brought to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, asked him, "Who am I?" The baby
replied, "You are the Messenger of Allah." Whereupon the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "You have spoken the truth, may Allah
bless you." It was not until the child whose name was Mubarak Al Yamamah,
had matured that he spoke again.
Al Hasan Al Basri tells us of a certain man who
went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and told him that he had
left his small daughter to die in a certain dried up river bed. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, went with the man to the river bed and called to
her by name saying, "So-and-so, by the permission of Allah answer
me." The girl appeared and replied, "Obedient to you!" Then he
informed her that her parents had converted to Islam and asked if she would
like to be returned to them. The little girl replied, "I have no need of
them, I have found Allah is better for me than them."
There was an elderly lady who migrated with the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and married an Ansar. She had a son who
passed away and as they shrouded him. She cried out, "Is my son
dead?" and they broke the news to her that he was and tried to comfort
her. The elderly lady supplicate, "O Allah, I migrated for You and Your
Messenger, hoping You would help me during each affliction, do not burden me
with this affliction!" The cloth was removed from her son's face and he
ate with them.
Abdullah, Ubaydullah Al Ansari's son was among
those who buried Thabit, Kay's son. As Thatbit was being lowered into his grave
they heard him say, "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr is the
Sincere, Omar is the martyr and Othman is merciful and good." They looked
at him and he was dead.
Zaid, Kharija's son collapsed and died in one of
the alleys of Medina. An- Numan, Bashir's son tells us that they picked him and
then shrouded him. Between the Maghrib and Isha prayers women started to weep
around him and they heard him say, "Be silent, be silent!" so they
uncovered his face and he said, "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, the
Unlettered Prophet and the Seal of the Prophets. It is like that in the First
Book." Then he said, "It is the truth, it is the truth."
Thereafter he mentioned Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman and said, "Peace be upon
you O Messenger of Allah, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings."
Thereafter he returned to the status of death just as he had been a little
while before.
Section 21 - The miraculous healing of the sick and the incurable
There are numerous reports of miraculous healings
permitted by Allah to His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the
following are just a taste.
During the Battle of Uhud, Shehab's son, and
several others, tell us that Saad, Abi Waqqa's son was given by the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, an arrow without an arrowhead and told to shoot
with it, and that the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon, shot with
his own bow until finally it broke.
Asim, Omar's son, the grandson of Katada tells us
that during the fighting, Katada sustained a severe eye injury by An-Nu'man
that caused his eyeball to fall from its socket down onto his cheek. The
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, put the eyeball back in its
socket and thereafter it became his best eye.
Abu Sa'id Al Khudri said that the Prophet, praise
and peace, be upon him, put some of his saliva on the mark made by the arrow on
the Day of Dhu Qarad and Abu Katada told him that it neither throbbed nor yet
became infected.
A blind man came to the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, and Othman, Hunayf's son tells us that he said, "O Messenger
of Allah, ask Allah to remove the veil from my eyes." The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, told him, "Go and make ablution, then offer two
units of prayer and say, 'O Allah, I ask You and I turn to You by the Prophet
Muhammad, the Prophet of Mercy. O Muhammad, I turn to your Lord to remove the
veil from my eyes. O Allah let him intercede for me." The man followed the
instructions and returned, and Allah had restored his sight.
Mula'ib's son suffered from an edema of water
fluid, and sent a messenger to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to
tell him of his condition. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, took some
dust from the ground, blew some of his salvia upon it and gave to the Mula'ib's
messenger who was amazed and took it fearing that he would be laughed at. He
returned to Mulai'b's son who was now on the verge of death and gave it to him.
He consumed it and Allah cured him.
Habib, either the son of Fudayk or Furayk's said
that his father's eyes became so white that he had no vision at all. The
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, blew some of his saliva in to
his eyes whereupon his vision was immediately restored. He was even seen
threading a needle at the age of eighty!
During the Battle of Uhud, Kulthum Hussain's son
was shot in his throat. The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
blew some of his saliva upon it and it healed immediately. Abdullah, Anies' son
was also among those injured during the encounter and sustained a wound to his
head, once again the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, blew some of his
saliva upon it and it did not turn septic.
At the Battle of Khybar, Ali's eyes became very
painful. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, blew some of his saliva on
them and they were immediately healed. Salama, Al Akwa's son sustained a wound
to his thigh during the battle and a similar miracle occurred whereby he too
was immediately healed.
On another occasion Imam Ali was suffering and so
he began to supplicate to Allah. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, overheard
him and said, "O Allah, recover him!" Then he nudged him with his
foot and immediately the pain left Ali.
It was during the Battle of Badr that Abu Jahl
severed the hand of Mu'awwidh, Afra's son. Mu'awwidh went to the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him carrying his severed hand, whereupon the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, blew some of his saliva on it, replaced it was
immediately miraculously rejoined to his arm. It was during the same battle
Wahb's son tells us that Khubaby, Yasaf's son was severely struck on the neck
and half of it was severed. The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, blew his salvia upon it and it was immediately healed.
A lady from Khuth'am had a child who was mute.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked for some water to be brought
with which he rinsed his mouth and washed hands. Then he gave it to the mother
and told her to wash the child and wipe him with it. The mother did as the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had said and the child was no longer
mute and had an intellect superior to most people.
There was a lady who brought her possessed son to
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon, and Abbas' son tells us that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, stroked his chest whereupon the child
vomited something that resembled a black puppy and was immediately cured. We
are also told of the time Muhammad, Hatim's son was a child and a boiling pot
overturned on his arm, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, stroked it,
supplicated, then blew some of his salvia on it and it was immediately healed.
Shurahbil had a growth on his hand that prevented
him from gripping a sword or holding the reins of his mount. He went to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and complained about it whereupon the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, pressed the growth with his hand until
it was removed. No trace of the growth remained and his hand was fully
recovered.
A girl who was in the service of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, asked him for some food when he was eating and as
he never refused anyone anything he gave her what was in front of him. The girl
was persistent and said, "I want the food in your mouth." So he gave
her what was in his mouth. After she had swallowed it, she became well mannered
and the change was apparent for all to see, and she became among the most well
mannered girls of Medina.
Section 22 - The answering of the Prophet's supplication
We learn from many of the Companions that the
supplication or curse of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was always
answered. Hudhayfa tells us that when he supplicated for someone, the
supplication blessed not only the recipient but his sons and grandsons.
There are numerous narrations that speak of the
supplications of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the following
are as before, simply a glimpse.
Anas's mother went to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and said, "Anas serves you, supplicate to Allah for
him." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, supplicated saying,
"O Allah, give him a lot of children and abundant wealth, and bless him in
what You give him." Later, Ikrima tells us that Anas said, "By Allah,
I have an abundance of wealth and I have approximately one hundred children and
grandchildren." It has also been reported that he said, "I know of no
one who is wealthier than I. I have, with my hands, buried a hundred children,
and none were miscarriages or grandsons."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated for Abdur Rahman, Awf's son and he tells us "If I lifted a
stone, I would expect to find gold under it shown to me by Allah." When he
died, there was a mound of gold that had to be shoveled and hands became
blistered with its moving. He had four wives and bequeathed to them each eighty
thousand dinars, it is also reported that the amount was a hundred thousand.
Abdur Rahman was well known for his charitable acts and bequeathed fifty
thousand dinars. He had been charitable throughout his life and it was
customary for him to free in a day thirty people in service. There was a time
when his charitable giving included a caravan that had seven hundred camels and
had come to him bearing all manner of merchandize. Everything was given away in
the Name of Allah including saddles and saddle-cloths.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked
Allah to answer the supplication of Saad, Abi Waqqas's son and thereafter,
whenever he supplicated his supplication was answered.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated to Allah saying, "O Allah, strengthen Islam through either
Omar, Khattab's son or Abu Jahl." Omar was the one to be blessed by the
supplication. Masood's son said, "We began to be powerful from the time
Omar became a Muslim."
The Companions went out on an expedition and were
stricken by thirst so Omar went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
and asked him to supplicate. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated and a cloud came and provided them with water, then went away. On
another occasion during a period of drought, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, supplicated in the rain prayer and it rained so much that they asked
him to supplicate for its cessation whereupon it ceased.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated for Abu Katada saying, "May your face prosper! O Allah, bless
him in his hair and skin." Abu Katada died at the age of seventy but
looked no older than fifteen.
An-Nabigha lived till the age of one hundred and
twenty, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, supplicated for him saying,
"May Allah not break your teeth" and none of his teeth fell out.
For Abbas' son the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, supplicated, "O Allah, give him understanding of the religion
and teach him its interpretation." Thereafter he was known as 'Al Habr'
the scholar and the interpreter of the Koran.
Abdullah, Jaffar's son was also blessed by the
supplication of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, who supplicated for
his hands to be blessed in business transactions. Every enterprise he ventured
into realized a profit.
Al Miqqad, Amr's son was another recipient of the
blessings of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and he was given an
opulence of wealth. Urwa, Abil Jad's son was blessed by a similar supplication,
he tells us "I lived in Kinasa (Kufa), and when I returned I had made a
profit of forty thousand." Added to this in Bukhari is the statement, 'If
Urwa had purchased dust, he would have made a profit on it."
Gharqada had some camels and one of his she-camels
bolted. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, called it and a strong wind
blew and forced her to return.
Abu Hurayrah's mother embraced Islam through the
supplication of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated for Ali asking that he be protected from the heat and cold. In the
summer he was able to wear the clothes of winter and in winter the clothes of
summer. Neither heat nor cold affected him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, supplicated
for his daughter, Lady Fatima asking Allah that she should never hunger. Lady
Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her said, "After that I was never
hungry."
At-Tufayl, Amr's son embraced Islam and asked the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, for a sign to take to his tribe
whereupon he supplicated, "O Allah, illumine him," and a light shone
between his eyes. At Tufayl said, "I am fearful that they will say it is a
punishment" so the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, moved the light
to the tip of his stick, and on a dark night it would give him light. Because
of this Tufayl became known as Dhu'u Nor - The Possessor of Light.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
supplicated against a man from the tribe of Koraysh called Mudar whereupon they
were stricken by drought until they reconciled the matter. Once the matter was
resolved the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, supplicated for them and it
began to rain.
Chosroes, the King of Persia received a letter
from the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and tore it up. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, supplicated against him asking Allah to fragment
his kingdom. This occurred and the Persians lost their leadership in the world.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, never
compromised the prayer to Allah, nor wanted his Companions or nation to
compromise it even during a war. In times of conflict half the army would go to
pray while the rest defended their position.
One day a young man stopped praying, and the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, supplicated against him and he became
lame.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, saw a
man eating with his left hand and advised him, "Eat with your right
hand." The man arrogantly replied, "I am not able to do so." The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "You will not be able to do
so," and thereafter the man was never able to raise his right hand to his
mouth.
Utba, Abi Lahab's son was one of the enemies of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and he supplicate against him
saying, "O Allah, give one of Your carnivores power over him", later
he was devoured by a lion.
Masood's son tells us of the time when the
unbelievers among the Koraysh put a placenta full of fluid and blood around the
Prophet's neck whilst he was prostrate in prayer to Allah. The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, cursed each of the participants, name by name, and
during the Battle of Badr each one met their death.
Muhallim, Jaththama's son was another of the
vehement enemies of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and was
subjected to his curse. Muhallim was killed by a wild beast and every time an
attempt to bury him was made, the earth rejected him and threw his body to its
surface. Finally they threw his corpse between a gully and covered him with
stones.
A certain man denied that he had sold his horse
and only gave up his claim to ownership after the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, supplicated, "O Allah, if he is lying, do not give him any
blessing in it" whereupon the legs of the horse became rigid.
Section 23 - Miracles and blessings, things that
were transformed through his touch
Right from the moment of birth, miracles and
blessings abounded on account of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
Amongst which are those experienced by Halima, his foster mother. Her breast
milk had been insufficient
to satisfy her own infant but when she offered
her breast to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, she felt a surge of
milk and thereafter there was sufficient milk for both him and her own child.
On her journey to Mecca, her donkey had become lame and walked very slowly, but
as she carried her blessed foster child back to her home in the desert, the
donkey became the swiftest of her companions donkeys. Vegetation was sparse on
account of a drought, but Halima's sheep would wonder off and always return
well fed and yielded an abundant supply of milk. Her traveling companions were
so amazed that they asked Halima if she had purchased a new donkey, and would
send their sheep to follow hers to find food, but their sheep always returned
to them in the same condition.
The people of Medina were in a state of unrest
and Anas, Malik's son tells us that the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, rode out of the City on a horse belonging to Abu Talha. Abu Talha's
horse was known to be a slow animal, but upon his return the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, told Abu Talha, 'We found your horse to be very
fast." After that ride the horse resumed its usual pace.
Jabir, Abdullah's son had a weak camel. The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, prodded it and it became so lively that
Jabir had to use all his power to control it.
The donkey of Saad, Ubada's son, was slow,
however, when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, rode it, it returned
at such a fast pace that no one could keep up with it. Khalid, Walid's son,
kept some of its hairs in his turban, and was always victorious when he wore
the turban.
Asma, Abu Bakr's daughter tells us that she had a
black shirt the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had worn and when people
were sick they put it in some water, use the water and would recover.
Abul Kasim, Al Maamun's son, said that they had
in their possession a dish that had once belonged to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, when someone became ill they would put water on it and the
person would use the water and be cured.
As Othman held the staff of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, Jihjah Al Ghifari snatched it from him and tried to
break it across his knee. The people cried out telling him not do it, and he
was stricken by a disease in his knee which necessitated its amputation,
however, it its amputation did not save him and he died within the year.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, poured
some of the water left over from his ablution into a well in Quba, and
thereafter its water never dried up.
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, blew some of his salvia into Anas' well and there was no water sweeter
than it in Medina.
One day the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, passed by some water and inquired about it. He told was that it was called
"Balsan" and its water was brackish. He renamed the water saying
"It is Nu'man, and its water is good" and it became good.
On another occasion, the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, brought a pail of water from Zamzam and blew some of his
salvia into it and the water became sweeter than musk.
The grandsons of the Prophet, Al Hasan and Al
Hussain, may Allah be pleased with them, were young and crying on account of
thirst. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave him his tongue to suck
and thereafter they stopped crying.
A skin containing some ghee (clarified butter)
was given to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, by the mother of Malik
Al Ansariyaah. He handed it back to her and told her not to squeeze it. When
her sons ran out of ghee they would go to her and ask her for some, and she
would go to the skin and find some ghee in it. It continued like this until one
day she squeezed the skin.
Salman Al Farsi had converted to Islam but had
been sold to Jews in Medina. He wanted to buy himself out of his bondage but
they placed a high price upon him. The Jews told him that he would be set free
upon the payment of three hundred planted sapling palm-trees that were tied and
bore fruit. In addition they demanded that he pay him forty pieces of gold. One
day he was blessed to meet the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and told
him of his circumstances whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
planted the trees for him with his own blessed hands, that is all except for
one which someone else planted, and all flourished except that tree. Each of
the trees except that one bore fruit that same year. When the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, learned of the tree, he uprooted the
sapling, replanted it and it took root and bore fruit. As for the gold, the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave Salman gold equal to the size of a
chicken's egg, but first he put it in his mouth and rolled his tongue around
it. Forty pieces of gold were weighed from it for his Jewish masters and their
remained the same amount of gold as at the beginning.
Hanash Uqayl's son, tells us that the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, used to give him a drink of soup. He
would drink from it first and Hanash would be the last to drink. Without
exception he always found that it satisfied hunger and thirst, and when he was
parched it was cool for him.
It was a dark rainy night and Katada, Numan's son
had prayed the evening prayer in the company of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, who thereafter gave him a branch of a palm-tree saying, "Take
it with you, it will shed light for you an arms length before you and an arms
length behind you. When you enter your house you will see something dark. Beat
it until it leaves because it is satan." Katada went home and the branch
lit his way. When he entered his home he found the darkness and beat it until
it left.
During the Battle of Badr, Ukasha's sword broke
and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave him a wooden stick saying,
"Strike with it!" The stick was transformed into a long, strong,
sharp, gleaming sword and he fought with it and after the hostilities were over
he kept it. The sword was called "Al Awn", meaning "the
help". He took the sword with him in each battle and was finally martyred
fighting the people of Ridda (who after the death of the Prophet apostasied).
There are many reports of sheep and goats that
yielded no milk giving an abundance of milk through the blessing of his touch.
For example the sheep of Umm Mabad, the one that belonged to Anas, that
belonging to Halima, the one that belonged to Al Miqdad and the sheep that had
never been mated belonging to Abdullah, Masood's son, and the goat of
Mua'wiyah, Thawr's son.
There was also a time when the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, provided for his Companions. He filled and tied a skin
with water he supplicated over it. When the time for prayer arrived they untied
the water skin and found it was full of sweet milk with cream on the top.
There are several reports of people over whom the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, passed his hands and blessed their
heads. Their hair never turned white. One such person was Umayr, Saad's son,
others were As Saib, Yazid's son, and Madluk.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, passed
his hand over the abdomen and back of Utba, Farqad's son, and the perfume was
so fragrant that it surpassed those of the females in his household.
Aidh, Amr's son was wounded at Hunain and the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, wiped the blood from his face
and supplicated for him. From that time onwards Aidh had a blaze on his head
similar to that of a horse.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, touch
the head of Kays, Zaid's son and supplicated for him. Kays lived to be one
hundred, and all of his hair had turned white except where the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, had touched it and he became known as Al Aghar - the one
with the blaze. Amr, Thalab Al Juhani was also blessed in a similar manner.
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
passed his hand over the face of a person there remained a light upon his face.
He also stroked the face of Katada, Milhan's son and it too shone in a way that
when someone looked at his face it was like looking into a mirror.
Hanzala, Hidhaym's son was also blessed by the
touching of his head by the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. One day a man
came to him with his sheep. His face was swollen and the udders of his sheep
were also swollen. The swollen parts were placed upon the area the Prophet's
hand had touched Hanzala and the swellings disappeared.
Zainab, Salma's daughter was also blessed when
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, splashed some water on her face.
After this her face became so beautiful that it surpassed the beauty of other
women.
There are several reports relating to children
who were either sick or insane and all were cured by his blessed touch amongst
those children were Al Muhallab, Qubala's son.
Tawus tells us that whenever an insane person was
brought to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, he would stroke their
chest and the insanity would leave them.
A man came to him suffering from a hernia. He
instructed that it be sprinkled with water from a spring into which he had
blown some saliva. After this had been carried out the man was cured.
At one time Abu Hurayrah came to the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, and complained of his forgetfulness. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, told him to spread out his robe and he scooped
his hands into it. Then he told him to draw the robe to him, and this he did.
Thereafter he did not forget a thing.
Jarir, Abdullah's son was unstable on a horse,
the Prophet praise and peace be upon him, patted his chest and supplicated for
him and thereafter he became the best and most stable of all Arab horsemen.
Section 24 - The Prophet's knowledge of the Unseen and the future
Judge Eyad tells us that the transmissions
relating to these subjects are well known and are so numerous that they can be
compared to a vast, unpluggable ocean that never ceases to overflow.
Regarding the signs relating to future events and
the Last Day, Hudhayfa tells us, "The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, gave a sermon in which he omitted nothing that would occur up
until the Last Day. Some of us remembered them whereas some forgot, but many of
my companions know them. When anyone of the events were realized, I would
recognize and recall what the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had told
us in the same way that a man remembers the face of another who went away but
recognizes him upon his return." Hudhayfa then said, "I do not know
whether my companions have forgotten or pretended to forget but the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, did not omit the initiator of a single
disaster that would occur right up until the end of the world, and there were
more than three hundred. Not only did he name the initiator but he also gave
the names of their fathers as well as their tribes."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions and family that they would be victorious over the enemies of
Islam. He informed them of the future Opening of Mecca, Jerusalem, Yemen, Syria
and Iraq, and that security of passage would be realized so that a woman could
travel from Hirra in Iraq to Mecca fearing none except Allah.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
warned that Medina would be raided. He told his Companions that Khybar would be
conquered by Ali on the following day. He also prophesied various parts of the
world that Allah would open for his nation, and also of the treasures they
would be receive, such as those of Chosroes and Caesar. He warned of the
sedition that would occur among them, the disputes and the rise of various
sects who would behave in a manner similar to their predecessors, and that they
would split into seventy-three sects, of which only one would be saved. He told
of their spreading throughout the world, and that a people would come who wore
one fine garment in the morning and another in the evening, and that dish after
dish would be set before them. He spoke of the time when their homes would be
adorned in a similar way to the Ka'ba. He concluded the sermon saying,
"You are better off today than you will be on that day."
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
also spoke of the time when Muslims would strut proudly about the earth, and
said they would be served by girls from Persia and Byzantine. He spoke of the
time that Allah would withdraw from them their power, and that those who were
evil would overcome the good. He also spoke of the fighting that would occur
between them and the Turks, the Khazars and the Byzantine. He said, Chosroes
and Persia would be wiped out and thereafter cease to exist."
He prophesied that the descendants of the
Byzantines would continue generation after generation right up until the end of
the world. At that time the noblest and best people would be taken away. He
prophesied that knowledge would be taken away as time drew to an end, and of
the sedition and bloodshed that would appear. He said, "Woe for the Arabs,
for the evil that draws near!"
The earth was rolled up for the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, so that he was able to see its eastern and western
extremities and said that the extent of his nation would reach was that which
was rolled up for him.
Abu Umama, reports the saying of Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, relating to the coming of "Al Mahdi", the
expected guided leader, who will appear shortly before the end of the world, he
said, "A group of my nation will remain steadfast to the truth. They will
conquer their enemy until the command of Allah comes as they remain in that
status." When he was asked where this group would be, he replied, "In
Jerusalem."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon, brought
news of the kingdom of the Umayyads and the caliphate of Mu'awiyah whom he
advised. He said that the Umayyads would turn the kingdoms of Allah into a
dynasty. He also said that the descendants of Al Abbas would emerge under black
banners and govern an area far larger than previously known.
He spoke of the coming of Al Mahdi, and when he
would appear. He spoke of the events "The People of his House" (Ahl
Al Bayt) would face, and mentioned their martyred slaying by their enemy and
subsequent exile.
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, prophesied the martyrdom of Imam Ali, and said that those who would kill
him were the most wretched of people, and that Ali would be the one to assign
their place in the Fire. He said that Ali's friends would enter the Garden
whereas his enemies would enter the Fire (this is in reference to the unbelievers
who fought Imam Ali). He mentioned that among those who would rise up against
him would be the Kharijites, the Nasibiyah (who were vehement in their hatred
of him), and that a group of Rafidites who claimed to follow Ali would in fact
reject him.
The martyrdom of Othman was prophesied by the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, who said, "Othman will be killed as
he recites the Koran, perhaps Allah will have written that he will be wearing a
shirt and they will want to remove it and his blood will fall on the Words of
Allah "Allah will suffice you." 2:137.
As far as sedition was concerned, the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said that it would not appear during Omar's
lifetime. He said, "Az Zubair would fight against Ali, and the dogs of HowAb
would bark at one of his wives and there would be a lot of killing around her,
and that she would only just escape. When Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased
with her, went to Basra, the dogs of HowAb barked (the barking occurred as Lady
Ayesha rode in seclusion in her howdah and upon hearing their barking she asked
if she was in HoawAb but those around her lied saying it was some other place.)
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, prophesied that an unjust group would transgress and take the life of
Ammar, this prophecy was fulfilled when the army of Mua'wiyah killed him.
To Abdullah, Az-Zubair's son he said, "Woe
to the people from you and woe to you from the people! "
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of the hypocrite Quzman saying, "He will be tested along with the Muslims,
even though he is one of the people of the Fire." This prophecy was
fulfilled and Quzman committed suicide.
He named certain people amongst whom were Abu
Hurayrah, Samura Jundub's son, and Hudhayfa and said, "The last of you
will die in a fire." The last to die amongst them was Samura who was old
and senile who died as he was trying to warm himself.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of the martyrdom of Hanzala, saying, "Ask his wife about him. I saw angels
washing him." Hanzala had married the night before a battle and they asked
her about him and she said, "He left in the state of major impurity and
died before he had a chance to take a major shower." Abu Sa'id said, "We
found his head dripping with water."
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
spoke of the caliphate of the Koraysh saying, "The caliphate is with the
Koraysh, and it will remain so as long as they maintain the religion."
He prophesied that a liar and a destructive person
would emerge from Thaqif. It is thought that Al Hajjaj, Joseph's son and Al
Mukhtar, Ubayd's son are those referred to in the prophecy.
He spoke of Musaylima (the liar who laid claim to
the prophethood during the lifetime of the Prophet) saying he would be
destroyed, and it was so.
Of his daughter Fatima, may Allah be pleased with
her, he gave her the good news that she would be the first of his family to
pass away after him.
He warned about the apostasy which would arise
and prophesied that after his death the just Caliphate would remain for thirty
years and thereafter become a voracious kingdom. This was fulfilled during the
time of Al Hasan, the son of Ali, may Allah be pleased with them.
He prophesized the loss of status of Muslims
saying, "This matter began with the Prophethood and mercy, then mercy and
the Caliphate, followed by a voracious kingdom, followed by arrogance and
tyranny." He warned "Corruption will enter the nation." He also
said, "A time is only followed by one worse than it."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, made
known the existence of Uways Al Karni and instructed Omar and Ali to ask Uways
to pray for them. It was only after the death of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, that this great sufi became known to the Companions. And the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, also prophesized that princes would come
who would postpone the time of prayer.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
warned that amongst his nation there would arise thirty deceiving liars
claiming the Prophethood, four of whom would be female. Another time he
mentioned that one of the deceiving liars would be the false messiah, and that
all would belie Allah and His Messenger.
He spoke of non-Arabs saying, "The time is
approaching when there will be numerous non-Arabs amongst you. They will
consume your property and strike your necks. The Last Hour will not appear
until a man from Kahtan drives the people with his staff."
He told his Companions that the best of his
followers are those who lived in his time, thereafter the next generation,
followed by the next generation. He warned that after them people would come
and bear witness without being asked who will be treacherous and untrustworthy.
He also warned of people who would promise but not fulfill, and that many will
be obese.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
warned, "My nation will be destroyed under the hands of young men from the
Koraysh." In another narration Abu Hurayrah tells us that he said,
"If I so wished I could name them for you, the children of so-and-so and
the children of so-and-so."
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
prophesized the coming of the Qadiani, a deviant sect encouraged by the
British, and the Rafidites as well as the Nasibiyah who hated the four caliphs
and betrayed Imam Ali. He also said that the last of his nation would curse the
first of it, and the Ansar would dwindle in number until they became like the
salt in food, and that their position would continue to dissolve until not a single
group of them remained and that they would be oppressed after his passing.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of those who severed themselves from Islam (Khawarij), and described them
saying one would be abnormal and that their mark would be shaven heads.
Nearing the end of time, the Prophet praise and
peace be upon him, prophesized that shepherds would become authorities and that
the naked, Bedouin, the barefoot Arabs would compete in the construction of
high buildings, and mothers would give birth to their mistresses.
On another occasion the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, was asked, "‘Tell me about some of the signs of its
approach.’ To this the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him replied, ‘The
female slave will give birth to her master, and the bare-footed, naked,
penniless goat-herders will live arrogantly in high mansions.’
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
prophesized that the Koraysh and their allies would not be able to conquer him,
but he would conquer them.
He spoke of "the death" (a plague
during the Caliphate of Omar) that would occur after the conquest of Jerusalem
and described the houses of Basra.
When they were on an expedition a wind storm blew
up and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "It
blows for the death of a hypocrite." Upon their return to Medina they
found his prophecy had been realized.
As the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, sat
with his Companions he prophesized, "The tooth of one of you will be
greater than the size of Mount Uhud in the Fire." Abu Hurayrah said,
"Eventually all of those who sat with him passed away except for myself
and one other, and he apostasied and was killed in the Battle of Yammah."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of a man who had stolen some pearls from a Jew and said they would be found in
the man's saddle-bag.
He spoke of a man who had stolen a cloak and told
them where it was.
He also spoke of a she-camel that had strayed and
informed them that she had become entangled by its halter in a tree.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions of a letter Hatib had written and entrusted to a woman from
Muzaynah to deliver to his family in Mecca. The letter was to alert Hatib's
family of their intended march on Mecca.
Safwan, Umayyah's son persuaded Umayr, Wahab's
son to go and kill the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. As Umayr
approached intending to kill him, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
informed him of his secret whereupon Umayr became a Muslim.
When Al Abbas was taken captive his goods were
confiscated and he told the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that he had
no money. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, reminded him the money he
had left concealed with Umm Al Fadl, whereupon he exclaimed, "None except
Umm Al Fadl and I knew where it was." Al Abbas became a Muslim.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said
referring to his grandson Al Hasan, "This son of mine is a master, and it
is through him that Allah will bring about peace between two great groups among
Muslims."
He spoke of the martyrdom of his Companions at
Mu'tah (who fought against the Romans and Arab tribes that had yet to embrace
Islam) at the moment of their martyrdom, despite the fact that there was more
than a month's travel between him and his Companions.
When the Negus of Abyssinia passed away, the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, informed his Companions of his passing.
Before a messenger arrived, the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, told Fayruz (who was a Persian envoy) that Chosroes had
passed away. When the messenger arrived with the news Fayruz read the letter
and embraced Islam.
One day the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, found Abu Dharr asleep in the Mosque in Medina and told him that he would
become an exile saying, "How will it be with you when you are driven from
it?" He replied, "I will live in the Sacred Mosque." Then the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked, "And what when you are
driven away from there?" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
Abu Dharr that he would lead a life of seclusion and die while he was alone.
He prophesized that the first of his wives to
pass away after him would be the one with the longest hand. The wife was Lady
Zainab daughter of Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, who was known to be
very charitable.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said
that his grandson Al Hussain would be martyred at Taff, (later renamed
Karbala). He took some dirt in his hand and said, "His grave is in
it."
A hand of Zaid, Sultan's son was severed as he
fought for the Sake of Allah. Prior to its severing, the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, had said, "One of the limbs of Zaid Sultan's son will
precede him to the Garden."
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
asked Suraka, "How would you like to wear the robes of Chosroes?"
Years later the spoils gained from Persia were brought to Omar amongst which
were the robes and regalia of Chosroes and Omar said, "Praise be to Allah
who stripped them from Chosroes and put them on Suraka."
Indicating to the city we know today as Baghdad,
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, prophesied "A city will be
built between the rivers Tigris and Dujayl, and Qutrubull and As-Sara. The
treasures for the earth will be brought to it and the earth will swallow it
up."
He warned, "In this nation there will be a
man named Al Walid. He will be worse for this nation than Pharaoh was for
his."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
forewarned, "The hour will not come until two parties fight against each
other, and their claim is the same as each other."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
to Omar about Suhail, Amr's son saying, "It is possible that he will be in
a position that will delight you Omar." This prophecy was fulfilled. When
the people of Mecca learned of the Prophet's passing, Suhail stood before its
people in a way similar to that of Abu Bakr in Medina and addressed them in a
similar manner that strengthened them.
There was a time when the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, asked Khalid to go to Ukaydir, and told him that he would
find him hunting wild steers." This is exactly what he was found doing.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
informed his Companions of their secrets and even told them of their thoughts.
He also told them of the hypocrites and of their rejection, and what they said
about him and those who believed. One of the hypocrites would tell his
companion, "Be quiet, by Allah, if he does not have someone to tell him
then the stones of the plain will inform him!"
There was a Jew in Medina by the name of Labid,
Asim's son who was a sorcerer. He was approached by a fellow Jew from Khybar
and asked to concoct a spell of deadly proportion against the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, described
Labid's sorcery and what had been used. He told his Companions that he used a
comb, and some strands of his hair, and the spathe of a male palm-tree, and
that he had cast them into the well of Dharwan. The Companions went to the well
and found them exactly as the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had
described.
When the Koraysh placed a boycott on the early
Muslims - the children of Hashim - they issued a declaration that was placed
inside the Ka'ba. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told them that
termites would devour the paper and only the Name of Allah would remain. This
prophecy came to pass, and the boycott ceased.
Each one of his prophecies, present and future,
were to be fulfilled in the way he described. Amongst those yet to be fulfilled
is the following, "The flourishing of Jerusalem will prove to be the
ruination of Medina. The ruin of Medina will be brought about on account of
fierce fighting. The emergence of fierce fighting will include the conquest of
Constantinople (Istanbul).
Prophet Muhammad, spoke of the prevailing
conditions of the Hour and also of the signs that will lead to it. He spoke of
the Resurrection and the Gathering, and informed what will happen to the good
and those who deviated. He gave news about both the Garden and the Fire and the
occurrences on the Day of Resurrection.
As we mentioned at the beginning of this section,
a volume of prophetic quotations could be compiled on these subjects, but this
suffices. For those who wish to learn more further transmissions are to be
found in the Sahih references.
Section 25 - The protection of Allah for His
Prophet, and that He suffices him against those who injured him
Allah told His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, "Allah protects you from the people" 5:67 And He says, "And
be patient under the Judgement of your Lord, surely, you are before Our
Eyes." 52:48. And, "Is it not that Allah suffices His
worshiper."39:36 This last verse has been explained that Allah is
sufficient for His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, against his enemies
and the idolaters. As for those who mocked and plotted against the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, Allah says, "We suffice you against those
who mock." 15:95 "And when the unbelievers plotted against
you, they sought to either take you captive or have you killed, or expelled.
They plotted - but Allah (in reply) also plotted. Allah is the Best in
plotting."8:30
Lady Ayesha, Mother of Believers, may Allah be
pleased with her, tells us "Before the verse "Allah protects you
from the people" 5:67 was sent down, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, had guards." After its revelation, he looked out of his tent and
told his guards to leave him saying, "Leave me my people. My Lord has
given me protection."
We are also told that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, was traveling and it had reached mid-day so he dismounted
and his Companions found a tree under which he might rest from the heat of the
day. As he rested a Bedouin named Ghawrath, Al Harith's son came with sword
drawn to him and said, "Who will protect you from me?" The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, "Allah, the Exalted." Upon hearing
this, the hand of the Bedouin began to tremble and his sword fell from it, and
he struck his head on the tree so hard that his skull was exposed. The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, forgave him and the Bedouin returned to his tribe
saying, "I have come to you from the best of people."
Al Khattabi sheds more light upon the incident
saying that when Ghawrath had made up his mind to kill the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, he alone knew of his intention. Ghawrath stood at the head
of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, with his sword drawn and the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "O Allah, You are sufficient
for me against him." Whereupon Ghawrath fell on his face on account of a
pain that smote him between his shoulders, and his sword fell from his hand.
There was a similar occurrence at Badr when he
left his Companions to relieve himself, but this time it was one of the
hypocrites who followed him.
We are also told of the time when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was on an expedition to Dhu Amar against the
tribe of Ghatafan. Du'thur, Al Harith's son, who was their chieftain and the
bravest man amongst the Ghatafan had made it very well known to his tribe that
when the chance presented itself he would kill the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, however when the time presented itself he did not. When he returned
to his tribe they asked the reason why he had not killed him. He told them that
that he had seen a tall white man who pushed him in the chest and that he had
fallen backwards and his sword fell from him, and he was sure he had seen an
angel. He told his tribesmen that it was this that had caused him to become a
Muslim. It has been said that the following verse refers to this incident, "Believers,
remember the favor which Allah bestowed upon you when certain people were about
to stretch their hands towards you, but He restrained them." 5:11
incident.
Upon the sending down of this verse the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, who had previously been concerned about the
Koraysh declared, "Whosoever wants to harm me will be disappointed."
In an attempt to harm the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, the wife of Abu Lahab, Umm Jamill had strewn
thorns in the Prophet's path, but it was as though he walked on soft sand. When
she heard a chapter had been sent down censuring her and her husband she went
to the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, who was sitting with
Abu Bakr beside the Ka'ba with a stone pestle in her hand. She stopped before
Abu Bakr and demanded to know the whereabouts of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him. She could not see him sitting next to him as Allah had made him
invisible to her. In contempt she said to Abu Bakr, "I have heard that he
has satirized me, and by Allah, if I had found him, I would have smashed his
mouth with this pestle! "
Al Hakam, Abi'l-As's son tells of the time they
conspired to kill the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. When they came
across him, they found him praying, and heard a terrible sound behind them, it
was so frightening that they thought not one person would be left alive in
Tihama. He tells us they all fainted and did not regain consciousness until he
after the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had concluded the prayer and
returned to his family. One night he and his companions agreed to make another
attempt on his life and lay in wait until they saw him, but suddenly the hills
of Safwa and Marwa stood between him and them.
Omar tells us that at one time he and Abu Jahm,
Hudhayfa's son agreed between themselves to kill the Messenger of Allah. It was
night time and as they approached his home they began to listen for him. Then
they heard him begin to recite the verses, "The Resurrection Verifier;
and what is the Resurrection Verifier? What makes you to know the Resurrection
Verifier is? Thamood and Aad belied the Clatterer. Thamood, they were destroyed
by the violent shout (of Gabriel) as for Aad, they were destroyed by a howling,
violent wind that He subjected upon them for seven nights and eight days
consecutively and you might have seen them struck down as if they were the
stumps of palm trees that had fallen down. Can you see any remnant of them
now?" 69:1-8. Upon hearing these verses Abu Jahm struck Omar on his
arm saying "Save yourself!" and they ran away in fright. This
incident contributed to the conversion of Omar.
Among the attempts upon the life of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, is this famous incident. The chieftains from each
branch of the Koraysh tribes plotted to kill the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him. One night they concealed themselves around the Prophet's house and
lay in wait for him. Later that night he came out from his house and as he did
so, he recited the following verses, ""Ya Seen. By the Wise Koran,
you (Prophet Muhammad) are truly among the Messengers sent upon a Straight
Path. The sending down of the Mighty, the Most Merciful so that you may warn a
people whose fathers were not warned, and so were heedless. The Phrase has
become obligatory upon most of them, yet they do not believe. We have bound
their necks with fetters up to their chin, so that their heads are raised and
cannot be lowered. We have set a barrier before them and a barrier behind them,
and, We have covered them so that they do not see. " 36:1-9. Then he
stooped to pick up a handful of dust and cast it over them, and immediately a
deep sleep descended upon them and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon them,
passed through their midst without anyone seeing him.
As we mentioned in an earlier section, Allah
protected His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and Abu Bakr during their
migration when they stayed in the Cave and we heard how Allah caused a spider
to spin its web over the mouth of the cave and two pigeons to settle on its
ledge. Added to this is the conversation Umayyh, Ubbay's son had with his
companion to whom he said, "The spider's web must have been there before
the Prophet was even born." The Koraysh concluded no one could possibly be
in the Cave and left.
Allah protected his Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, again during his migration. Suraka, Malik's son, whose grandfather
was Jushum spotted the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and Abu Bakr in
the distance so he armed himself and rode out after them. Suraka almost caught
up with them when the feet of his horse sank into the ground and he was thrown
from the horse. Suraka took hold of his diving arrows and cast them, but did
not receive the answer for which he hoped. He remounted and rode on and as he
drew near he heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, reciting the
Koran. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, did not turn around, however
Abu Bakr did and said, "He is catching up with us!" Whereupon the
Messenger of Allah recite the verse "Do not sorrow, Allah is with
us" 9:40. And he supplicated against Suraka. Suraka's horse sank once
more into thAe ground and he was thrown. Suraka got up and pulled the horse by
its reins and the horse emerged with something resembling smoke coming from its
feet. Suraka cried out, "I know you have supplicated against me,
supplicate again for me and I will act as a decoy for you; neither shall I harm
you nor will others harm you." Suraka told them of the plans of his fellow
tribesmen and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told him not to let
anyone follow them. Suraka returned to his tribesmen and told them they were no
where to be seen so it was pointless to search for them in that direction.
Before Suraka parted company with the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, asked, "How would you like to wear the robes
of Chosroes (the King of Persia)?" Suraka was astonished and knew that the
word of the Prophet praise and peace be upon him, would surely be fulfilled, so
he requested the statement be written down for him as a sign, and so Abu Bakr
wrote it down on a piece of leather, which Suraka then placed in his quiver for
safekeeping and returned to Mecca. In the years that followed as the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, was returning from the Encounter of Hunain,
Suraka met him again and embraced Islam.
It has also been transmitted that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, and Abu Bakr were spotted by a herdsman who then
hastened to Mecca with the intention of informing the Koraysh. However, upon
reaching Mecca, his mind went blank and he neither knew what he was doing there
nor the reason why he had gone there, so he returned home.
Abu Jahl had sworn that when he saw the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, he would crush his skull with a rock. The time
presented itself and Isaac's son tells us that as Abu Jahl took hold of a rock
the Koraysh urged him on to throw it at the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, who was in prostration. Allah protected His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, and caused the rock stick to his hands and his hands were raised up
to his neck, whereupon he abandoned his intention. After the conclusion of the
prayer Abu Jahl asked the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to supplicate
for him whereupon his hands were released from the rock. When he returned to
his companions they asked what had happened and he told them, "A stallion,
the like of which I have never seen before appeared behind him, and it looked
at me as if it was going to devour me." The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told his Companions, "That was Gabriel. If Abu Jahl had come any
nearer, he would have been seized."
Another attempt was made on the life of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, this time it was a man from the children
of Mughira. As-Samarkandi tells us that Allah caused him to become blind and
therefore unable to see the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, although he
was still able to hear what he said. Scholars say that the verses "We
have bound their necks with fetters up to their chin, so that their heads are
raised and cannot be lowered. We have set a barrier before them and a barrier
behind them, and, We have covered them so that they do not see. "
36:8-9 refer to this and the preceding story.
One day, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and his Companions set out to visit the tribe of Kurzaya. Isaac's son
tells us, that when they reached their destination, they sat down to rest
against a wall of one of the fortresses. Amr, Jihash's son learned of their arrival
and sent one of his tribesmen to throw a millstone down from its walls upon
him. Before they could achieve their aim, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, arose and returned to Medina and told them what had happened. It has been
said that the verse, "Believers, remember the favor which Allah
bestowed upon you when certain people were about to stretch their hands towards
you, but He restrained them."5:12 is applicable to this event.
The Jewish tribe of Nadir had made a pact with
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and part of the pact was that they
would assist him when called upon. As-Samarkandi tells us that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, now sought their help in paying the blood money
for the tribesmen of Kalb who had been killed by Amr, Umayyah's son. Upon their
arrival Huyayy, Akhtab's son invited the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
and his Companions to sit down with him expressing his wish to feed them and
give them that for which they had come. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, Abu Bakr and Omar sat down, and Huyayy got up on the pretence that he
wanted to relieve himself and left the room. However, Huyayy's intention was to
kill him. After a while Gabriel came to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and told him of the plot, so without a word he left and went home.
Abu Hurayrah tells us that Abu Jahl had sworn
that he would tread on the neck of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, the next time he saw him in prostration. Abu Jahl's companions came to him
and told him that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was praying near
the Ka'ba, so Abu Jahl approached him, then turned away in fright, protecting
himself with his hands. His companions asked what had happened and he told
them, "As I approached I looked down and saw a trench full of fire into
which I almost fell. It was a terrifying sight and the fluttering of wings
filled the earth." Later, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions that the fluttering of wings were those of angels and said,
"If he had come any nearer they would have torn him limb by limb." It
was then that the verse "Indeed, surely the human is very insolent.
" 96:6 was revealed.
Hamza, the uncle of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, had killed in combat the father and uncle of Shayba, Othman Al
Juhani's son. At the Battle of Hunain the chance to revenge these deaths
presented itself and Shayba cried out, "Today my revenge will be taken
against Muhammad!" As the fighting intensified he came, with sword ready
to strike, up behind the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and said,
"As I drew near a fiery flame, swifter than lightning rose up before me so
I turned and fled. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was aware of my presence
and called me back then placed his hand upon my chest. Before that he had been
the most hated of all people to me, then he told me, 'Draw near and fight!'
This I did and went ahead of him fighting with my sword. Even if I had met my
father, I would have fought against him rather than the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him."
It was the year of the Opening of Mecca and
Fadala, Amr's son tells us, "I wanted to kill the Prophet as he
circumambulated the Ka'ba. As I drew near to him he asked, 'Is it Fadala?' and
I replied that it was. He then asked, 'What were you saying to yourself?' and I
replied, 'Nothing'. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, laughed and
asked Allah to forgive me then placed his hand on my chest and my heart became
still. By Allah, as soon as he lifted it, Allah had not created anyone more
beloved to me than him."
Amir, At-Tufayl's son and Arbad, Kays son,
plotted together to kill the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Amir said
to Arbad, "I will distract Muhammad so you can strike him." But Arbad
was prevented from seeing him. He told Amir, "By Allah, whenever I
intended to strike him, I found that you were between him and me - how could I
strike you!"
Many Jews and soothsayers instilled fear of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, into the Koraysh, telling them that he
would have power over them, and urged them to rise up and kill him. Allah
protected him and His command was realized.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said
that he was helped by the casting of terror into the hearts of his enemies who
were even as far away as a months travel from him.
Section 26 - The Prophet's knowledge and sciences
Allah gave His Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, an abundance of concentrated knowledge relating to both worldly affairs
and His religion. He gave to him knowledge of the instructions of Law, of
politics and what was in the best interest of his nation.
He was given knowledge of the circumstances of
previous nations, and became knowledgeable of the stories of prophets,
messengers, tyrants and of each generation from Adam until his time coupled to
knowledge of their laws and scriptures. Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, was knowledgeable of the aspects of their lives, their battles and
events. He knew details of their prominent personnel and their varying
opinions. He even knew how long they lived and the wisdom of their sages.
When the unbelievers came to him, he was able to
debate and clearly answer both Jew and Christian according to their own
scripture. He told them of the secrets of their scriptures and spoke of their
hidden sciences, and informed them of what they choose to conceal and how they
had tampered with their Books.
As for Arab tribes, he was conversant with each
dialect and knew the obscure words special to certain tribes. He knew each of
the eloquent styles of pure Arabic. He knew the circumstances of their battles,
their wisdom, similes and the meaning of their poems, his vocabulary
encompassed all their words and he would use them to give clarifying parables
or proverbs so that all were able to understand the depth of matters, and shed
light on the obscure. He made the rules of the Law easy to understand, they
were neither strict nor contradictory. The Law he brought taught the traits of
good character, ethics and every kind of desirable characteristic, so much so
that even an unbeliever could not raise any objection unless he became
frustrated and just said anything in retaliation. Even the unbelievers in the
"Time of Ignorance" who opposed or rejected him were not able to
refute this and said what he brought was correct and did not attempt to prove
it to be otherwise.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
made lawful what was good for everyone and forbade that which was opposite, and
it was through this that he protected lives, honor and property from harm, and
made them fear the Fire of the Everlasting Life.
The Prophet's knowledge surpasses that of even
the most dedicated people of science who are only able to acquire, even after years
of study, an incomplete understanding of perhaps one or more scientific field
such as that of medicine, the interpretation of dreams, the distribution of
inheritance, mathematic, lineage etc., that stem from his knowledge. His
knowledge encompassed all sciences in full.
Of visions, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, warned, "Visions should only be interpreted by the truly
knowledgeable scholars of interpretation, and the realization of the vision
will be come in due course." He also said, "Visions fall into three
categories, the true vision, a dream in which a person talks to himself, and a
distressful dream which is from satan." He also said, "When the end
of time draws near, the dream of a believer almost never lies."
Of illness, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, informs us of his knowledge saying, "The root of every illness is
indigestion." Abu Hurayrah tells us that he said, "The intestines are
the drain of the body and the veins reach it."
He spoke of many cures including those of the ear
and inside the mouth, of cupping, and laxatives. Regarding the best time for
cupping he told his Companions that it is on the seventeenth, nineteenth and
twenty-first of the (lunar) month.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of other cures one of which is for pleurisy saying, "In the aloes-wood,
there are seven cures, one of which is the cure for pleurisy.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
mentioned the status of the stomach saying, "The son of Adam has not
filled any container worse than his stomach. If it has to be filled, then one
third should be for food, another third for beverage and the remaining third
for breath."
He was asked if Sabi was a person or a country
whereupon he replied, "He was the father of ten children, six in Yemen and
four in Syria."
The Arabs were preoccupied with matters relating
to their lineage and would come to ask the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and their questions would be answered. Kada'a inquired about matters
relating to his lineage and his inquiry was satisfied.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of time, saying, "Time revolves in a circle which was its form on the day
that Allah created the heavens and the earth."
He spoke of the Pool of Al Kawthar, and described
it saying, "Its corners form a square."
As for the remembrance of Allah (dhikr) the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave the good news, "A good deed
has ten more like it, therefore, one hundred and fifty on the tongue is equal
to fifteen hundred on the Scales."
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, informed his Companions that everywhere between the east and the west is a
direction of prayer (qibla).
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
advised his scribe to put his pen behind his ear because it would be easy for
him to remember where he had placed it.
Allah said that the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, was illiterate. He was not tutored by literate persons, nor yet
raised in the company of knowledgeable people, however he was extremely
knowledgeable. There are many transmissions that speak of the way in which he
said letters should be correctly written, for example he said, "Do not
extend the (Arabic) letter "seen" in Basmala." One day,
Mu'awiyah was sitting with the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, when he
advised Mu'awiyah to put some cotton in the inkwell and to cut his quill
obliquely. As for writing letters he told him to make the letter "ba"
straight, the letter "seen" distinct and not to misshape the letter
"meem". He told him to write the Name "Allah" well, and to
extend in both writing and reading the "Alif" equal to "aa"
in the attribute "Al Rahmaan" and said the same applies to "Al
Raheem" with the extension of "ee".
The Prophet's knowledge of the facets of language
was not limited to Arabic. His knowledge enabled him to speak in many
languages. If a person were to spend his life studying languages he would only
be able to accomplish some of his goal. Allah says of His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, "Never before did you recite any Book, or inscribe
it with your right hand." 29:48.
There is no room for even an unbeliever to refuse
what we have just mentioned, nor yet for a rejecter to bring something contrary
to it, claiming, "Tales of the Ancients" 25:5, or "A
mortal teaches him" 16:103 because in the same verse Allah, Himself
proves the falsity of their argument saying, "The tongue of him at whom
they hint is a non-Arab; and this is a clear Arabic tongue." The claim
of the unbelievers that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was tutored
by Salman from Persia, or a Greek captive is rendered void. The Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, first met Salman after his migration to Medina by which
time many of the verses of the Koran had already be sent down. As for the
Greek, his name is not clear, but we what we know is that he embraced Islam and
that they would sit together at Marwa. The tongue of both Salman and the Greek
was foreign, whereas the Koraysh who spoke clear Arabic were fluent and articulate,
yet despite their capabilities none were able to produce a single verse, let
alone a chapter comparable to the Koran. If the most eloquent of Arabs rich in
the art of the composition of poetry and language were unable to meet the
challenge, it is inconceivable that persons whose mother tongue is other than
Arabic would be capable of doing so.
It was rare for the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, to visit the countries of the "People of the Book", yet his
enemies claimed that he sought their help. His youth was spent in the company
of Arabs during which time, he like prophets before him, shepherded sheep. Only
once or twice, in the company of fellow Arabs who spoke only Arabic, did he
visit non-Arab lands and even then his stay was short and there would have been
insufficient time for him to acquire even a fraction of their language. He
neither sought the company of rabbis, priests, astronomers or soothsayers in
Mecca or Medina, or for that matter elsewhere, his knowledge was gifted to him
by Allah.
Section 27 - The Prophet's communication with angels and jinn
Amongst the multitude of miracles, illuminating
signs and gifts is Prophet Muhammad's, praise and peace be upon him,
communication with angels and jinn that have been made known to us through his
prophetic quotations. Allah supported him with both obedient angels and jinn,
and many of the Companions were also blessed to see them.
Allah warns, "but if you support one
another against him, (know that) Allah is his Guardian, and Gabriel."
66:4. He also says, "And when Allah revealed to the angels, saying, I
shall be with you. Give courage to the believers."8:12. Also, "And
when you (Prophet Muhammad) prayed to your Lord for help, He answered, I am
sending to your aid a thousand angels in succession.” 8:9. And, "(Remember)
how We sent to you a company of jinn, who, when they came and listened to the
Koran said to each other, 'Be silent.'" 46:29.
Concerning His Words, "For indeed he saw
one of the greatest signs of his Lord." 53:18 Abdullah, Masood's son
tells us that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, saw the Archangel
Gabriel. There is a very well known quotation relating to the Night Journey
that speaks of his conversation with the Archangel Gabriel, the Angel Israfil
as well as other angels, and also tells how he witnessed the immensity of their
number and the appearance of some.
As we said earlier, some of his Companions were
also blessed to see angels at different times and places. One of the most
famous sightings is the time when his Companions saw Gabriel who had assumed
the form of a man and came to ask the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
about Islam, Belief (Iman) and Perfection (Ihsan). Sa'ad saw the angels Gabriel
on the Prophet's right and Michael on his left as men wearing white robes.
At the Battle of Badr a Companion reported having
seen the heads of the unbeliever's flying off into the air, but the one who
struck them was unseen. On another occasion, Abu Sufyan, Harith's son saw men
clad in white riding on piebald horses riding between the heaven and earth.
The angels would come to Imran, Hussain's son and
shake him by the hand, and when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
showed Hamza the Archangel Gabriel at the Ka'ba, Hamza fainted. On what has
become known as the "Night of the Jinn", Abdullah, Masood's son saw
the jinn and also heard them speak. He described them as resembling the men of
Zutt (tall Sudanese men).
During the Battle of Uhud, Sa'ad's son tells us
that when Mus'ab was martyred an angel came, took his form and raised the
banner. When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said "Advance
Mus'ab" the angel replied, "I am not Mus'ab" and he realized it
was an angel.
Omar, Al Khattab's son tells of the time when
they were sitting with the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and an
elderly man with a walking stick came and greeted the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him. He returned the greeting and said, "Your voice is like that
of the jinn, who are you?" He replied, "I am Hama, Al Haym's son and my
grandfather is Laqis son of Iblis (satan). He told the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, that he had met Prophet Noah, peace be upon him, and his
successors. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, taught him some of the
chapters of the Koran.
When Khalid was sent to destroy the pagan temple
of Al Uzza at Nakhlah, he killed a naked black woman who came out with her hair
flying. Upon his return he told the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, of
the occurrence whereupon he said, "That was its priestess who impersonated
Al Uzza."
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
was engaged in prayer when suddenly satan, the stoned and cursed, rushed
towards him in an attempt to disrupt his prayer, but Allah gave the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, power over him. After the prayer he told his
Companions that he wanted to tie satan to one of the pillars in the Mosque so
that they could look at him, but then the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, recalled to mind the supplication of his brother, Prophet Solomon, "Forgive
me my Lord, and give me a kingdom the like of which will not befall any after
me. " 38:35. So the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in his
excellent manner, let him go.
Yet again, this subject is so immense one must be
aware that the preceding is just but a taste.
Section 28 - Narrations about his
characteristics, and signs of his Messengership
When it comes to the signs of Prophet Muhammad's
Prophethood and Messengership one must know that they were inscribed in
previous scriptures, and transmitted from monks, rabbis and the knowledgeable
People of the Book. His description, nation, names and his signs, even the seal
that was to grace the area between his shoulder blades was known to them. In
the poetry of Tubba, the story of the king of Yemen who wanted to destroy
Yathrib with its Jews but were told by Prophet Samuel that a prophet would
migrate there is told. There were other poets who wrote about the signs of
Prophet Muhammad, such as Al Aws, Haritha's son who lived between the era of
prophets and worshipped One God rather than idols. Ka'b, Lu'ayy's son, was the
first person to call for prayer gatherings on a Friday and he too spoke of the
coming of a Prophet. Sufyan, Mujashi's son, from Tamin proclaimed the coming of
an Arab prophet and mentioned his name as being Muhammad. Quss, Sa'ida's son, a
Christian bishop from Najran was knowledgeable of the signs of Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, as was Sayf, Dhi Yazin's son, a king of
Himyar who conquered Yemen and defeated the Abyssinians and spoke to Abdul
Muttalib of a hidden book that he had read in which it was announced that a
prophet would be born in Tihama. Zaid, Amr's son whose grandfather was Nufayl,
described the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and said he would be from
the children of Abdul Muttalib. The description and news of the forthcoming
prophet was also known by Waraqa, Nawfal's son, Athkalan Al Himyari and the
Jewish scholar Samuel.
Before the Torah and the Gospel were tampered
with the description and mention of the names of the attributes of the last
Prophet of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, together with his signs and
place of birth, were to be found and the sincere people who had knowledge of
their untampered Books embraced Islam.
Amongst the Jewish converts were the rabbi, who
took the name of Abdullah, son of Salaam, the sons of Sa'ya, the son of Yamin,
Mukharyia, and Ka'b as well as other Jewish scholars. Amongst the Christians
was Buhaira, Nestor and the governor of Bosra, Daghatir, the bishop of Syria,
Al Jarud, Salman of Persia, the Negus of Abyssinia and others.
News of these conversions reached and were
acknowledged by the Emperor Heraclius, the Pope of Rome, Christian hierarchy,
the head of the Coptic church in Egypt, the prominent Jewish scholar Suriya's
son, Akhtab and his brother, Ka'b, Asad's son, Az-Zubair, Batiya's son to
mention but a few, however all were blinded by envy, pride and rivalry and
refused to accept the fact that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
an Arab and not of their race.
There are many authentic records that speak of
how both the Jews and Christians could not do otherwise but admit to the
existence of these descriptions that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, were written in their scriptures. Whenever any of the People of the Book
came to challenge him, Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, would
quote their scriptures as an argument against them. He reproached them for
tampering with the words in their scriptures, and for the concealment of their
contents, and the twisting of words that would otherwise made his affair clear
to the unsuspecting.
He invited the Christian Bishops to join him in a
supplication in which he and his family were willing to make that those who
lied would be cursed, but they declined. When the bishops realized they would
be exposed in their true light, they avoided confrontation with him thereby
avoiding the exposure of their falsified books. Had they found their books
contained other than that which he said, it would have been by far easier for
them to present it rather than be subjected to the confiscation of their
property, in some cases their lives, and status. He challenged the Jews with a
verse from the Koran saying, "Bring the Torah and recite it, if you are
truthful." 3:94, but they chose not to respond.
Section 29 - A brief insight into aspects of his
birth, childhood and adulthood
The birth of our Beloved Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, together with Its miracles have been transmitted to us by
his mother Lady Amina, may Allah be pleased with her, and those in attendance.
As our beloved Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was born a radiant light accompanied him and he lifted his head towards
the heavens and the mother of Othman's Abil-As's son witnessed stars lowering
themselves and a light so bright appeared that she could see nothing other than
light.
Ash Shifa, the mother of Abdur Rahman, Awfs son
attended his birth and tells us, "When he dropped into my hands he sneezed
and I heard a voice saying, 'May Allah have mercy upon you!' The entire horizon
became illuminated for me whereby I was able to see the castle of the
Greeks."
On the night of his birth, the palace of
Chosroes, King of Persia shook and its balconies collapsed, the waters of
Tiberius receded and the perpetual flame of Persia, that had never once been
extinguished for a thousand years became extinguished.
Not long after his birth it was decided that he
should be raised in the desert and Allah choose Halima who was very poor to be
his foster mother and wet-nurse. Halima and her husband Abi Kabshah were
immediately aware of the blessings that constantly came their way. Before
fostering him, her breast milk had been insufficient to satisfied her own baby,
but when she agreed to take her new charge her breasts filled with an abundance
of milk, and her she-camel that was old produced milk and her sheep became
fertile. They noticed the Prophet's maturity, his exceptional strength and
growth and how he surpassed that of their own children.
Shortly after his return to Mecca his mother
passed away whilst returning from visiting family members in Medina and he went
to live with his uncle Abu Talib. Abu Talib was aware of the blessings that
came to his family after he and his wife had taken the young Muhammad into
their care. When he was with them their food and drink satisfied them, but on
the occasions when he was absent, they would eat and drink but remain
unsatisfied.
Abu Talib had several sons and when they woke up
in the morning their appearance was unkempt, however, the appearance of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was always neat, his hair oiled and
there was mascara around his eyes. The mother of Ayman, who was his nurse, also
commented, "There was never a time, either as a child or when he reached
adulthood, that I heard him complain of hunger or thirst."
Before Prophet Muhammad's advent, praise and
peace be upon him, the satans and jinn would journey to the heavens and
eavesdrop upon the events destined for mankind, then use it to their advantage.
In some cases they gave news to fortune-tellers who became consultants for
their clients. Upon the Prophet's birth, praise and peace be upon him, the
heavens became guarded by meteors that chase would-be eavesdroppers away and
thereby prevent the mischief of the satans and jinn.
Prophet Muhammad's aversion to the idols was
inherent in him, and he was never party to the evil that constituted daily life
during the "Time of Ignorance". His modesty was protected by Allah
and the story has reached us regarding this protection during the rebuilding of
Ka'ba. It was customary for the Koraysh when they built to carry the stones in
their robes and more often than not their private parts became exposed. When
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, took part in the rebuilding of
Ka'ba, he was about raise his robe to do the same but he was prevent by the
heaven from its doing. When his uncle asked what was stopped him, he replied,
"I have been prevented from exposing my privates."
There are many reports that speak of clouds or
trees that shaded him during his travels. Before he married Lady Khadijah, may
Allah be pleased with her, he undertook to trade on her behalf. Just before his
return, Lady Khadijah happened to glance up into the sky, and tells us that
angels were seen by herself and others shading him.
On one of his journeys, he dismounted from his
ride to rest under a dead tree. The area around the tree was blessed by his
presence and became green, as did the tree that now flourished, spread and
lowered its branches to shade him.
As for the normal shadows that are cast by either
the light of the sun or moon, he had none because he himself was radiant with
his own light.
Flies did not alight on either his clothes or
body.
Until he was raised to the Prophethood and
Messengership, his love to withdraw himself from the world was innate.
As his death approached he told those dear to him
of its nearness and that his tomb would be in his house in Medina. The rooms of
his wives opened into the Mosque and the area between his room, later to become
his resting place, and the pulpit are part of the Meadows of the Garden of
Paradise.
Shortly before he passed away, Allah gave the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, a choice. He gave an indication of this
choice to his Companions amongst whom was Abu Bakr who immediately understood
and wept. He told them, "There is a worshiper among the worshipers of
Allah to whom Allah has given the choice between this world or that which is with
Him. The worshiper has chosen that which is with Allah."
Allah honored His Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, even at the moment of death and from these signs we are yet again
able to have a glimpse into his nobility. As death approached, Allah sent the
Angel of Death to him who asked for his permission to take his soul away. The
angel had never before asked the permission of anyone to do this, and when the
time came the angels prayed over his precious body. As his Companions were
about to prepare him for his funeral a voice was heard saying, "Do not
remove the shirt from him when he is washed." It has been reported that
after his passing Al Khidr (the Man in Green) and the angels visited his family
and consoled them.
Section 30 -
Summary of the miracles given to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
together with their special characteristics
The aim of this chapter has been to present some
of the Prophet's miracles and the signs of his Prophethood, many of which have
not been included, but what has been mentioned is sufficient. The chains or
narrators have been shortened as they would in themselves require the
compilation of many volumes that are only of value to the scholars of hadith.
The miracles of Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him, are more evident than those of other prophets in two ways.
First, he was given miracles that are too numerous to count, and none of his
fellow prophets were given a miracle that our Prophet did not bring one that
was similar or more excellent.
As for their being numerous, one must recall that
all the parts of the Koran are miracles, even sentences of a few words, or
short chapters such as "Al Kawthar" chapter 108 are miracles in their
own right. This is substantiated by the verses that read, "Let them produce
a phrase like it, if what they say is true! " 52:34 or
"Produce a chapter comparable to it" 2:23 There
are approximately seventyseven thousand words in the Holy Koran, and the Koran
is divided into more than seven thousand parts with each part being a miracle
in itself. Facets of its miraculous nature is its eloquence and elite
composition, therefore each part contains a double miracle.
Another facet of its miraculous nature is that it
gives knowledge of the Unseen, and in just one chapter alone one is able to
find many descriptions, and each description is a miracle, therefore the number
of miracles is increased yet again. The magnitude of the number of miracles
contained in the Koran cannot be determined, it is so great in itself.
The prophetic quotations contain details of
miracles as well as the miraculous aspects of the life of Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him.
Secondly, is the undisputable clarity and broad
spectrum of the miracles given to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him. Previous Messengers were given miracles relative to their time and in a
science which their people excelled. For example, during the time of Prophet
Moses, peace be upon him, sorcery had reached its climax, and so Moses was
given miracles to present to Pharaoh and others that resembled their own skills
but clearly surpassed and were far superior than those of the magicians and
sorcerers of his time. What he brought shattered the normal patterns of sorcery
and the sorcerers were unable to compete, and surrendered. The recognized that
the signs Moses brought were clearly miracles, supernaturally sent by Allah.
The same applies to Prophet Jesus, peace be upon
him, the people of his time excelled in medicine, when someone was pronounced
incurable he remained as such, there was no hope. So when Jesus brought them by
the permission of Allah cures beyond the bounds of their medicine, such as the
raising of the dead, curing the blind and healing the leper without the use of
medicine, it was a sign for his people that what he brought was indeed from
Allah. The same circumstances apply to the miracles of all the other prophets,
peace be upon them. In each case these miracles were a sign to people that the
person who stood before them and to whom had been given miraculous skills was a
prophet sent to them by Allah and they should follow him.
Allah sent Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, at a time when the Arabic language had reached its apex, and at a
time in which they were proud of their historical transmission, predications
and omens. As we mentioned before, the sending down of the Koran excelled all
forms of the Arabic language and therefore impossible to imitate. It contains a
unique composition and style the like of which was previously unheard and which
even the most eloquent were unaware. Then, there is its contents, the
disclosure of hidden secrets, events, inner thoughts and their like, all of
which were proven true, so that even the most hostile critic could not raise a
voice.
As for the predictions and omens of soothsayers
and their like, Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be him, made them void. Even
before the jinn and satans had been prevented from eavesdropping in the heavens
by meteors and guards, only one prediction out of ten could be claimed to be
anyway near factual.
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
brought news of earlier generations and stories of previous prophets. He told
them of nations that had vanished and of events beyond the knowledge of even
those who devoted themselves to the study of such knowledge.
The Koran is a miracle, watched over by Allah,
that will remain with mankind until the Day of Resurrection and provides clear
proof for each generation. There has never been an era that has passed without
its truthfulness being made manifest to them. Through its reading belief is
fortified and the proof is clear. It cannot be said that hearing is the same as
seeing with one's own eyes. Whereas witnessing increases certainty. The soul's
trust is elevated from the knowledge of certainty to the vision of certainty.
The miracles of previous prophets have long since
faded away, they existed only during the lifetime of their prophet, but the
greatest miracle of our Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, will never
cease. Its signs are continually renewed and will never disappear. Abu Hurayrah
tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Each
Prophet was given of a kind that other nations believed. I have been given the
Revelation which Allah has sent to me, and it is my hope that on the Day of
Resurrection I will be the one with the most followers."
As for the miracles of previous prophets, those
who stubbornly opposed them tried to find ways to make people doubtful of their
miraculous nature, but they cannot do the same with the Koran. The Koran
consists of words devoid of trickery, magic or illusion and it is this that
people find clearer than all other miracles.
Imam Abul Ma'ali and other scholars are of the
opinion that the Koran is a more conclusive form of breaking normal boundaries
than all the other miracles given to previous prophets. Of miracles such as the
staff of Moses he said that those who saw such a matter immediately thought it
had been taught to Moses by a master magician with superior knowledge of that
art. This thought remained with many of its witnesses until a thorough
investigation disproved their conjecture.
Imam Abul Ma'ali continues, and refers to the
challenge to bring something similar to the Koran and reminds us that despite
the hundreds of years that have passed no one has done so, all have been
unsuccessful because Allah has prevented them from its doing.
Despite the ignorance of the Arabs, before Islam,
they were more apt to acknowledge their Creator and sought nearness to Allah
through their idols. There were those who believed in the Oneness of Allah
before the advent of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and
followed their instinct and purity of heart. When the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, brought the Book of Allah to them, they were able to comprehend
its wisdom, and its miraculous nature was immediately instilled in them because
of their predisposition. They accepted and believed him and each day they
increased in belief, they abandoned all worldly affairs to be in the company of
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and migrated to follow him.
The Judge concludes this chapter with the
supplication, "I seek help with Allah, He is sufficient for me and the
Best Guardian."
PART TWO
THE RIGHTS OF
THE PROPHET,
PRAISE AND PEACE BE UPON HIM,
DUE FROM HIS FOLLOWERS
CHAPTER 1
THE OBLIGATION TO BELIEVE AND OBEY HIM AND FOLLOW
THE WAY OF THE PROPHET (SUNNAH)
Section 1 - The obligation to believe him, praise
and peace be upon him Part One contained conclusive evidence of the
prophethood of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, coupled to the
authenticity of the message he brought. With these established factors it is
incumbent to believe in him and what he brought.
Allah tells us to, "Believe in Allah, and
His Messenger, and in the Light which We have sent down." 64:8. He
speaks of the Prophet saying, "We sent you (Prophet Muhammad) as a
witness and as a bearer of glad tidings and warning, so that you believe in
Allah and His Messenger and that you support him, revere him (Prophet
Muhammad), and exalt Him (Allah) at the dawn and in the evening."48:8-9.
He also says, "Believe in Allah and His Messenger, the Unlettered
Prophet. " 7:158.
From these verses it is made known to the
individual that there is an obligation to believe in Prophet Muhammad, praise
and peace be upon him. Without it, belief is incomplete because one's belief is
only valid with the belief in the Oneness of Allah and the acceptance and
belief in Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him. Allah warns, "Whosoever
disbelieves in Allah and His Messenger; We have prepared a Blazing Fire for the
unbelievers." 48:13.
Abu Hurayrah heard the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, say, ”I have been ordered to struggle with people until
they bear witness that there is no god except Allah, and believe in me, and
what I have brought. When they do this, their blood and property are protected
from me, except when an Islamic right is violated. Their reckoning is with
Allah."
The meaning of belief in the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, is that one bears witness to his prophethood, the Message
Allah entrusted to him, being supportive of all that he brought and said. What
is in one's heart is then born witness by the tongue, that he is indeed the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him.
This meaning of belief is ratified by the hadith
in which the Archangel Gabriel came to the Prophet and said, "Tell me
about Islam." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "It
is that you bear witness that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allah ....'' Then Gabriel asked him about the meaning of
belief to which he replied, "It is that you believe in Allah, His Angels,
His Books and His Messenger... (and of course the third pillar of Islam
Ihsan)."
Belief in the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, implies the acceptance of the heart whereas Islam only demands its
verbalization. However, if the testimony is simply upon the tongue without the
confirmation of the heart, that is tantamount to hypocrisy. Allah speaks of the
hypocrites saying, "When the hypocrites come to you they say, We bear
witness that you are the Messenger of Allah.' Allah knows that you (Prophet
Muhammad) are indeed His Messenger, and Allah bears witness that the hypocrites
are truly liars!" 63:1. Such people lie with their tongues concealing
what is really in their hearts and such testimony has no benefit in the
Everlasting Life because their witnessing is incomplete and they will join the
unbelievers. As for their punishment it will be in the deepest part of the
Fire, below that of the unbelievers. However, in this life because they uttered
the verbal testimony such people are judged by Muslim judges to be Muslims,
because judges do not have access to see the reality of what is in the heart.
Judges have been forbidden to investigate the reality of a person's witnessing
because the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, censured the actions of a
certain person by asking him, "Why then didn’t you split open his
heart?" Verbal testimony is part of Islam and confirmation with the heart
is part of belief.
There are however, other aspects that lie between
the two and the question arises if someone accepts in his heart but dies before
he had a chance to bear witness with his tongue what then is his status?
Scholars differ in their opinion. Some are of the opinion that there is a
precondition that the verbal witnessing should have been uttered to complete
his faith. Others hold the opinion that the person died as a believer and will
enter the Garden. Their opinion is based upon the saying of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, that reads, 'Whosoever has an atom's weight of belief in
his heart will come out of the Fire." Because the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, only spoke of what was in the heart, the sound opinion is
that the person neither resisted nor yet was negligent by not uttering the
witnessing.
Also, the question is raised about the condition
of someone who believes in his heart but waits for a long time to bear witness,
knowing full well that it is a necessity, or, perhaps neither speaks nor
testifies to it even once during his entire life, there is also a difference of
opinion as to his status. Some scholars say he is a believer because inwardly
he has confirmed it, but because his witnessing is part of the requirement,
then he is considered to have resisted by not doing so and will remain in the
Fire for ever. It is also said that such a person cannot be considered as a
real believer until he accompanies his belief with the verbal testimony. This
is because testifying means entering into a contract and is a requirement of
belief. The most sound opinion is that a delayed confirmation is only completed
when the verbal testimony is uttered.
Section 2 - The obligation to obey the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him
There is an obligation upon all Muslims that
requires obedience to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. This
obligation is made apparent in the Koran which he delivered. Allah says, "Believers,
obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not turn away from him when you are
hearing. Do not be like those who say, We hear, ' but they do not listen.”
8:20. And, "Say, 'Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger If you obey him,
you shall be guided." 24:54. "Obey Allah and the Messenger in
order to be subjected to mercy." 3:132. "Whosoever obeys the
Messenger, indeed he has obeyed Allah." 4:80. And, "Whatever
the Messenger gives you, accept it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain."
59:7. "Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those
whom Allah has favored."4:68. "We did not send a Messenger
except that he should be obeyed, by the permission of Allah. " 4:63.
In these verses Allah clearly states that when
someone obeys His Messenger, praise and peace be upon him, he is in fact also
obeying Allah. Obedience to whatever Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon
him, commanded and abstaining from whatsoever he forbade are synonymous to
being obedient to Allah. Allah also speaks of the reward for such obedience and
warns of the punishment that will fall upon whosoever disobeys.
Abu Hurayrah heard the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, say, "Whosoever obeys me has obeyed Allah.
Whosoever disobeys me has disobeyed Allah. Whosoever obeys my envoy has obeyed
me and whosoever disobeys my envoy has disobeyed me."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, also
said, "When I forbid you to do something, abstain. When I command you to
do something, do as much as you are able."
As for the unbelievers who resist the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, Allah informs us, "On that Day when their
faces are turned about in the Fire, they shall say, 'Would that we had obeyed
Allah and obeyed the Messenger!'" 33:66, but it is too late and their
wishful thinking will be of no benefit to them, it will be a constant source
for regret.
Abu Hurayrah recalled the time when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, spoke of the Garden, and said, "All of my
nation will enter the Garden
except those who refuse." The Companions
asked, "O Messenger of Allah, who will refuse?" He replied,
"Whosoever obeys me will enter the Garden whereas whosoever disobeys me
has refused."
Another time the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told his Companions. "My likeness and the likeness of what Allah
has sent me with is like a man who comes to his people saying, 'O people, I
have seen the army with my own eyes, and I am a sincere warner - save
yourselves!' One group of his people obey him and travel at nightfall, they go
at their leisure and are saved. Another group reject him and remain. The army
arrives in the morning and they are annihilated. Such is the likeness of those
who obey me and follow what I bring, and the likeness of those who disobey me
and belie what I bring,"
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, drew
another simile saying, "It is similar to a person who builds a house and
then prepares a fine feast in it and sends forth a summoner. Whosoever answers
the summoner enters the house and eats from the feast, whereas whosoever does
not answer the summoner neither enters the house nor eats from the feast."
The "house" referred to in the
preceding hadith means the Garden and the "summoner" is Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him. Whosoever obeys the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, has obeyed Allah, whereas whosoever disobeys the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, has in fact disobeyed Allah.
Section 3 - The obligation to follow the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, and obey his prophetic way
Allah says, "Say,
'If you love Allah, follow me (Prophet Muhammad) and Allah will
love you, and forgive your sins. " 3:31. He also
says, "Believe in Allah and His Messenger, the Unlettered Prophet, who
believes in Allah and His Words.
Follow
him in order that you are guided. " 7:158. And, "But
no, by your Lord, they will not believe you until they make you the judge
regarding the disagreement between them, then, they will not find in themselves
any discomfort concerning your verdict, and will surrender to you in full
submission." 4:65.
From the preceding verses it is very clear that
there is an obligation to follow, obey and be guided by Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him. Allah also speaks of His Prophet's exemplary
character saying, "In the Messenger of Allah you have a fine example
for he who hopes for Allah and the Last Day." 33:21. At-Tirmidhi
explained that 'a fine example' means that one should emulate him by following
his way of life and neither oppose him in either word or action.
Verse 7 in "The Opener" reads "The
path of those upon whom You have favored". Sahl explained that is
means to follow the prophetic way. Whosoever follows the command of Allah to do
this is promised by Him that they will be guided because Allah sent Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, with His guidance and the religion of
truth to purify us, and to teach us the Holy Koran coupled with the wisdom, all
of which guides to the Straight Path.
In the verse that reads "If you love
Allah, follow me (Prophet Muhammad) and Allah will love you, and forgive your
sins" 3:31 it is understood that whosoever follows the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, preferring him over and above personal desires and inclinations
will be forgiven by Allah.
Ka'b, Ashraf's son and some others who were
either Jews or Christians went to the Messenger of Allah one day and told him
they loved Allah. The Jews and Christians also claimed, "We are the
children of Allah and His loved ones. " 5:18 Hasan Al Basri tells us
that it was on account of their claim that they loved Allah that Allah sent
down the verse "Say, if you love Allah, follow me (Prophet Muhammad)
and Allah will love you. " 3:31. Allah makes it clear that His love
will come upon those who follow His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
We are told by Az-Zajjaj that the phrase "if
you love Allah" means that if you sincerely desire to obey Allah then
you should follow His command because the love of a worshiper of Allah and His
Messenger, praise and peace be upon him, lies in obedience and being pleased
with the commands of both Allah and His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
The love of Allah for such worshipers is that He pardons them and blesses them
with His Mercy. Our attention is drawn to the fact that love from Allah
manifests itself in protection and success, whereas the love of a worshiper
manifests itself in obedience.
A poet wrote:
"Do you disobey Allah when you claim to love
Him?
By my life, this is a strange example!
If your love had been true, then you would have
obeyed Him.
The lover obeys the one he loves."
It has been explained that the love of a
worshiper is expressed in his exaltation of Allah and in his awe of Him, and
the love of Allah for His worshiper is the mercy He bestows together with His
concern for him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
warned, ”You must follow my prophetic way and the way of the rightly guided
Caliphs. Cling to it voraciously and beware of new things. New things are
innovations and each innovation (that is not in the Spirit of Islam) is
misguidance." In addition to this warning Jabar reported having heard,
"Each misguidance is in the Fire."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, called
upon his Companions to obey and take action saying, "Do not let any one of
you be found reclining on his bed after hearing news of my order that either
commands or forbids, so that later on he says, 'I do not know, I follow only
what is found in the Book of Allah.'"
Lady Ayesha, Mother of Believers, may Allah be
pleased with her, tells us that the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, would do something in order to simplify a matter for his followers.
However, there were some who were negligent from its doing. When news of their
negligence reached the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, he would praise
Allah and say, "What do you think of people who neglect to do something I
myself do? By Allah, my knowledge of Allah is greater than theirs and my fear
of Allah is greater than theirs!"
Regarding those who oppose the Koran, the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "For those who hate the
Koran, it is hard and difficult (for them to bear), it is their judge.
Whosoever clings to what I say, understands and retains it, it will be like the
Koran for him, but whosoever considers the Koran and what I say as being
unimportant and disregards it will lose this world and the Hereafter. My nation
is commanded to take my words, obey my commands and follow my prophetic way. Whosoever
is pleased with my words is pleased with the Koran, and Allah instructs, 'Whatever
the Messenger gives you; accept it’" 59:7.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
described his followers saying, "Whosoever follows me is of me, but
whosoever abandons my prophetic way is not of me." Abu Hurayrah tells us
that he told them, "The best speech is the Book of Allah and the best
guidance is the guidance of Muhammad. The worst matters are innovations (that
are not in the spirit of Islam)."
On another occasion the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, spoke of knowledge saying, "There are three types of
knowledge; a precise verse, an established prophetic way, and a just share of
inheritance. All other knowledge is superfluous."
Al Hasan said that the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, told his Companions, "The doing of a little of my prophetic
way is better than doing a lot of an innovation (that is not in the spirit of
Islam)."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave
the good news that Allah will bring a person into the Garden on account that
the person clung to his prophetic way.
The importance of clinging to the prophetic way
when corruption abounds is reported by Abu Hurayrah who heard the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, say, "Whosoever clings to my prophetic way
in a corrupt society will be rewarded with the reward of a hundred
martyrs."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, warned
of times to come saying, "The children of Israel divided into seventy-two
sects. My nation will divide into seventy-three, all will be in the Fire except
one." The Companions asked who would be the exception whereupon he
replied, "They are those who establish themselves on what I and my
Companions do today."
Bilal, Al Harith's son recalled the indication of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that a time will come when his
prophetic quotations will be neglected and people will follow innovations (that
are not in the spirit of Islam). The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
said, "Whosoever revives any of my prophetic ways that have abandoned
after me will receive the reward of all those who act upon it without
decreasing any of their reward. Whosoever introduces a misguided innovation
which is not pleasing to Allah and His Messenger will have the like of all
those who act upon it without decreasing their burden."
Anas reported the saying of the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, "Whosoever revives my prophetic way has revived me,
and whosoever does this will be with me in the Garden."
Section 4 -
The narrations of the early generations of Muslims and the esteemed learned
persons concerning the following of the prophetic way and accepting the
guidance of the Prophet
The father of Abdur Rahman was asked by his
nephew, "In the Koran we find the prayer when one is fearful, and the
prayer at home, but we cannot find the prayer of a traveler." The father
of Abdur Rahman replied, "Allah sent Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be
upon him, to us when we did not know anything, we did what we saw him
doing."
The son of the Caliph Omar, Abdul Aziz's said,
"The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, had his prophetic
way and the leaders that came after him made ways. To adopt them is to confirm
the Book of Allah and to act upon them is obedience to Allah and the
strengthening of the religion of Allah. No one should change or alter the
prophetic way or consider the opinion of those in opposition. Whosoever follows
the sunna is guided, and whosoever seeks help by it will be amongst those who win.
Whosoever opposes it and follows a path other than that of the believers Allah
will assign to him that which he turns to and roast him in Hell, and that is an
evil arrival."
Shehab's son heard the saying of knowledgeable
people that if one holds fast to the prophetic way it is a means of salvation.
During the caliphate of Omar, Al Khatab's son
Omar sent a letter to his governors instructing them to learn the prophetic
sayings relating to the shares of inheritance and dialects. He wrote,
"People will try to argue with you (using the Koran), when this occurs
overcome them with the prophetic way. The people who follow the way of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, have the greatest knowledge of the Book
of Allah."
When Omar prayed two units of prayer at Dhu'l
Hulayfa he was asked why he had done so. He replied, "I do what I saw the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, doing."
Imam Ali joined the Greater Pilgrimage and the
Lesser Pilgrimage together whereupon Othman, who was unaware of the joining
asked, "Who has told you to do this, when I have forbidden the people to
do so?" Ali respectfully replied, "I do not abandon the way of the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, in preference to the
statement of another."
Imam Ali said, "I am neither a prophet nor
have I received a revelation, rather I act according to the Book of Allah and
the prophetic way of Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, as much as I
can."
Omar's son spoke of the prayer of the traveler
saying, "The prayer of the traveler consists of two units or prayer,
whosoever opposes the prophetic way is an unbeliever."
Ubay, Ka'bs son stressed the importance of
following Allah and the prophetic way saying, "You must follow the path of
Allah and the prophetic way. The worshiper whose eyes overflow with tears out
of fear of Allah as he follows the path of Allah and the prophetic way, will
never be subjected to the punishment of Allah. A worshiper who follows the path
of Allah and the way of His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and whose
skin trembles out of the fear of Allah at His remembrance can be compared to a
tree whose leaves are dry. In the same way that a blustery wind smites it and
causes all of its leaves to fall, the sins of the worshiper fall from him just
as the dried leaves fall. No matter how minor a person's action maybe following
the way of the Prophet, it is far more beneficial than striving hard on the
(misguided) path of innovation (which is against the spirit of Islam).
Therefore, one must examine one's actions see whether they are in compliance
with those of the prophets and their prophetic ways or those of striving
against them."
The Caliph Omar Abdul Aziz received a letter from
one of his governors that spoke of the deterioration of conditions in his
province and the increase of thievery. He asked whether or not he should arrest
such people on suspicion or only when clear proof was presented to him that was
in accordance with the prophetic way. Omar replied, "Arrest them only when
there is clear proof in accordance with the prophetic way. If the truth does
not correct them, Allah will not correct them."
Commenting on the words of Allah, "Should
you dispute about anything refer it to Allah and the Messenger."4:59,
Omar explained that it means that in the case of disagreement one should
consult the Book of Allah and also the prophetic way.
One day Omar was heard saying as he stood before
the Black Stone in Ka'ba. "You are only a stone and can neither help nor
harm. If I had not seen the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him,
kiss you, I would not kiss you" and he kissed it.
Abdullah, Omar's son was observed making his
she-camel turn about in a certain place and was asked why he had made her do
this. He replied, "I do not know. Once I saw the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, doing it, so I do it."
The father of Othman Al Hiri said,
"Whosoever places the authority of the prophetic way above himself either
by word or deed speaks with wisdom. But whosoever gives passion authority over
himself speaks by innovation."
Sahl At-Tustori described his school of
jurisprudence saying, "The foundations of our school are three: following
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in character and actions, eating
that which is lawful, and making our intention sincere in all actions."
The jurist Ahmad, Hanbal's son said, "One
day I was with a party of people who stripped off all their cloths and went
into the water. I applied the saying of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, that says, 'Whosoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should enter the
baths in a loin cloth' so I did not strip. That night I had a vision in which a
voice said to me, 'O Ahmad, Allah has forgiven you because you implemented the
prophetic way and He has made you an imam who will be followed.' I asked, 'Who
are you?' He replied, 'Gabriel'"
Section 5 The danger in opposing the right of the
Prophet to be obeyed
(Before reading this chapter one should
understand that any good innovation promoting activities in the Spirit of Islam
is encouraged and never condemned. Those who condemn activities that reflect
the Spirit of Islam are grossly deficient in Islamic knowledge and consequently
their intellect fails them.
This leads to flawed opinions and they are found
to be fanatical, lacking compassion. Such people hold firm to the opinion that
if the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, did not do something, we should
not do it, and if this is so then people from far away countries would not be
able to go by boat or airplane on pilgrimage - which is one of the pillars of
Islam - because the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, only went on foot or
by camel!
An innovation that is condemned is one that
replaces the Prophetic way and goes against the Spirit of Islam. If anyone should
tell you that anything the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, did not do is
to be taken as a bad innovation, when it is known to comply with the Spirit of
Islam, it is through sheer ignorance. )
There is great danger in opposing the command of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. If one were to change his prophetic
way then one would be misguided and be among the innovators and therefore
subject to the threat and severance of Allah. Allah warns "So let those
who disobey His command beware, lest they are struck be sedition, or, they are
stricken with a painful punishment." 24:63. He also warns, "But
whosoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has been made clear to him and
follows a path other than that of the believers, We shall let him follow what
he has turned to and We shall roast him in Hell - and evil arrival. "
4:115.
Abu Hurayrah tells us of the time the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, visited a graveyard. During the visit he
described some of his nation saying, "Some (on the Day of Judgement) will
be driven away from my Pool (Kawthar) just as a stray camel is driven away. I
will call to them saying, 'Come here, come here!' But it will be said, 'After
you they made changes.' Whereupon I will say, 'Go away, go away!'"
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions, "Anyone who adds something to my commands, which is not
part of them, is a deviant."
One day someone brought a writing that had been
inscribed on the shoulderblade of an animal. The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said, "What is wrong with some people that they dislike what
their Prophet brought them, preferring someone else to their Prophet, or
another book to their Book?" Whereupon it was revealed, "Is it not
enough for them that We have sent down to you the Book that is recited to
them?" 29:51
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
told his Companions, "Those who go to extremes in speech will be
destroyed."
The first Caliph, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq said,
"Of the things the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, used
to do, I have omitted none. I feared that had I left out any of his commands I
would have deviated."
CHAPTER 2
THE NECESSITY TO LOVE THE PROPHET
Praise and peace be upon him
Section 1 - The necessity to love the Prophet
Allah says, "If your fathers, your sons,
your brothers, your wives, your tribes, the property you have acquired, the
merchandise you fear will not be sold, and the homes you love are dearer to you
than Allah, His Messenger and the struggling for His Way, then wait until Allah
shall bring His command." 9:25.
This verse demonstrates encouragement, advice,
proof and indication of the necessity to love Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him. It is also sufficient to demonstrate that this duty is of tremendous
proportion. It is an obligation and the right of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him.
You will have observed how Allah reprimands those
whose love of relatives and property are dearer to them than Allah and His
Messenger, praise and peace be upon him. Allah concludes His warning with the
threatening words "then wait until Allah shall bring His command."
And from this it is understood that those whose love is other than for Allah
and His Messenger, praise and peace be upon him, are astray and are not guided
by Allah.
Anas tells us that one day the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "None of you will believe
until I am more beloved to him than his children, his father and all
people." Anas also reported, "There are three things that if someone
were to seek refuge in them they would experience the sweetness of belief. They
are that Allah and His Messenger, praise and peace be upon him, are more
beloved to him than anything else; that he loves a person only for the sake of Allah,
and he loathes the notion of reverting to disbelief as much as he would loathe
to be cast into the Fire."
One day Omar, Al Khattab's son went to the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and told him, "I love you more than
anything except my soul which is between my two sides." The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, replied, "None of you will believe until I
am dearer to him than his own soul." Omar immediately replied, "By
the One who sent down the Book to you, I love you more than my soul which is
between my two sides." The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied,
"Omar, you have reached it."
Sahl warned, "If someone does not think that
the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, is his master in all
matters or should think that he does not fall under his jurisdiction he does
not taste the sweetness of his prophetic way, because he said, "None of
you will believe until I am dearer to him than himself."
Section 2 - The reward for loving the Prophet
Anas tells us of the occasion when a man came to
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him and asked, "When will the Last
Hour come, O Messenger of Allah?" Whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, inquired, "What have you prepared for it?" The man replied,
"I have neither prepared an abundance of prayer, fasting or charity for
it, but I love Allah and His Messenger." The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told him, "You will be with the one you love."
Safwan, Qudama's son was told the same when he
declared his love for the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, took
hold of the hands of his grandsons Al Hasan and Al Hussain and said,
"Whosoever loves me and loves these two, their father and mother, will
receive the same degree as myself on the Day of Resurrection."
One day a man came to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and told him, "O Messenger of Allah, I love you more
than my family and possessions. I always remember you and could not wait to
come just to look at you. I bear in mind that I will die and you will die, and
I know that when you enter the Garden you will be raised up with the Prophets,
but when I enter it I will not see you." Shortly after Allah sent down the
verse "Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those
whom Allah has favored, the prophets, the sincere, the martyrs and the
righteous, and these are the best company." 4:69. Having received this
verse the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, called the man back and
recited it to him.
Another man came to visit the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, and could not stop gazing at him. The Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, gently inquired the reason why, whereupon the man replied,
"May my father and mother be your ransom! I enjoy gazing at you and on the
Day of Resurrection, Allah will exalt you on account of the high esteem which
He has prepared for you!" It is also said that it was then that Allah sent
down the verse mentioned above.
We are given the good news transmitted by Anas
that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Whosoever loves me
will be with me in the Garden."
Section 3 -
The narrations of the early generations of Muslims and imams concerning their
love for the Prophet and their longing for him
Abu Hurayrah tells us that the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "Those in my
nation whose love will be the strongest are those who come after me. Amongst
them there are some who would have traded their family and wealth to have seen
me."
Many of the Companions, including Omar and Amr,
Al As's son tell us that there is no one more beloved to them than the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him..
Abda, the daughter of Khalid, Ma'dan's son spoke
of her father saying, "Khalid never went to bed without yearning for the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, and his Emigrant (Muhajirun)
and Helper (Ansar) Companions, and he would name each one of them. He would
say, 'They are my root and branch, my heart longs for them, I have yearned for
them for a long time, O my Lord, hasten my return to You!'"
Isaac's son tells us that at during the encounter
of Uhud the father, brother and husband of one of the Ansari women were killed
as they fought alongside the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him.
However, despite her loss, her only concern was for the safety of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him. The lady asked anxiously for news of the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, whereupon she was told, 'Praise be to Allah, he
is as well as you would wish," She asked, "Show him to me so that I
may see him." When she caught sight of him, she exclaimed, "Now that
I know you are safe, all my afflictions have become as nothing."
When Imam Ali, may Allah honor his face, was
asked about his love for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, he replied,
"By Allah, we loved him more than our wealth, sons, father and our
mothers, and more than cold water during times of great thirst!"
The Caliph Omar went out one night and see that
all was well in the community and happened to see a lighted lamp in the house
of an elderly lady who was carding some wool. As she worked away she said,
"The praise of the good be upon Muhammad, may the blessed bless him! I stand
in tears before dawn. If only I knew when death gives us different forms
whether the Abode will join me to my beloved." Upon hearing these
heart-felt words Omar sat down and wept.
The foot of Abdullah, Omar's son became numb and
he was reminded, "Remember the most beloved of all people to you and it
will go away." Abdullah cried out, "O Muhammad!" and the
numbness left.
As death approached Bilal, his wife called out,
"O sorrow." Bilal responded, "O what joy, I will meet those I
love, Muhammad and those with him!"
One day a lady came to Lady Ayesha, Mother of
Believers, may Allah be pleased with her, and asked her to show her the tomb of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Lady Ayesha showed her the tomb
whereupon the lady started to weep and continued weeping until she died.
When the Meccans took Zaid, Ad-Dathina's son out
of the Sacred Precincts to martyr him, Abu Sufyan, Harb's son, said to him,
"I ask you by Allah, don't you wish that Muhammad was with us now so that
he would be in your place and that it would be his head that will be severed,
and you were with your family?" Zaid replied, "By Allah, I would not
wish that Muhammad would be in a place where even a thorn would prick him if
that was the condition of me being returned to my family!" Abu Sufyan
said, "I have never seen anyone who loved another in the way the
Companions of Muhammad love Muhammad!"
Abbas' son tells us of the time a woman from
Mecca came to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in Medina. Upon her
arrival the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, asked her on oath to swear
that she had not left her home on account of her husband's anger, or because
she wanted a change in her surroundings, and that the only reason for her
leaving was because of her love of Allah and His Messenger, praise and peace be
upon him.
As the son of Az-Zubair lay martyred, Omar's son
stood over him and prayed for his forgiveness and said, "By Allah,
according to what I know of you, you were a person who fasted, prayed and loved
Allah and His Messenger", praise and peace be upon him.
Section 4 - The signs of loving the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him
Someone who claims that he/she loves another will
prefer that person to all others, he will also prefer what they like, if it
were otherwise then he would be acting and his love would not be sincere. The
following signs will be apparent in those who truly love the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him,
First: The first sign of love for the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, is that he/she will follow his example, apply his
prophetic way in words, deeds, obedience to his commands, avoidance of whatever
he prohibited and adopt his manner in times of ease, hardship, joy and
disappointment. Allah says, "Say (Prophet Muhammad, 'If you love Allah,
follow me and Allah will love you. " 3:31.
Second: The second sign is that he/she will set
aside his own desires and appetite in preference to the law established and
encouraged by the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Allah says, "Those
before them who had made their dwelling in the abode (City of Medina), and
because of their belief love those who have emigrated to them; they do not find
any (envy) in their chests for what they have been given and prefer them above
themselves, even though they themselves have a need. " 59:9
Third: The third sign is that a person's anger of
others is only for the sake of seeking the pleasure of Allah. Anas, Malik's son
was told by the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "My son, if you can
refrain from holding a grudge in your heart from morning to evening, then do
so." He then added, "My son, that is part of my prophetic way.
Whosoever revives my way has loved me, and whosoever loves me is with me in the
Garden."
If a person possesses this fine quality, then
he/she has perfect love for Allah and His Messenger. If he is found to be
slightly lacking in this quality then his love is imperfect, but not devoid of
it. The proof of this is found in the saying of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, when a person faced punishment for imbibing. As the person was
about to receive his punishment a man cursed the offender, whereupon the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Do not curse him. He loves
Allah and His Messenger."
Fourth: The fourth sign is that one mentions the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in abundance - whosoever loves
something, it is constantly upon his tongue.
Fifth: The fifth sign is yearning to meet the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Every lover yearns to be with their
beloved. When the tribe of Ash'arites approached Medina, they were heard
chanting, "Tomorrow, we will be with those we love, Muhammad and his
Companions!"
Sixth: The sixth sign is that as well as the
remembrance of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, someone who loves him
will be found praising and respecting him whenever he is mentioned and display
humility, and lower himself when he hears his name. We are told by Isaac
At-Tujibi that after the passing of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
whenever the Companions heard his name they became humble, their skin trembled
and they wept. As for the other followers of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, some experienced the same out of love and yearning for him, whereas
others did so out of respect and esteem.
Seventh: The seventh sign is the love expressed
for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the People of his House, and
his Companions - the Emirants (Muhajirun) and the Helpers (Ansar) alike for his
sake. A person with this sign will be found hostile to those who hate them.
Of Al Hasan and Al Hussain, may Allah be pleased
with them, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "O Allah, I
love them, so please love them." Al-Hasan said that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, also said, "O Allah, I love him, so love the one
who loves him." Of his two grandsons, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, also said, "Whosoever loves them, loves me." Then he said.
Whosever loves me, loves Allah.
Whosoever hates them hates me and whosoever hates
me hates Allah."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"O Allah, Allah, my Companions. Do not make them targets after me!
Whosoever loves them loves them because they love me, and whosoever hates them
it is through their hatred of me. Whosoever harms them, harms me. Whosoever
does something to hurt me does it is as if it is hurtful to Allah. Whosoever
does something that appears to be hurtful to Allah is about to be seized."
Of his family, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said referring to Lady Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her,
"She is part of me, whosoever hates her hates me."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
Lady Ayesha to love Osama, Zaid's son because he loves him.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of the Helpers (Ansar) saying, "The sign of certain faith is love for the
Ansar, whereas the sign of hypocrisy is hatred for them."
Omar's son tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Whosoever loves the (good) Arabs loves them
because he loves me. Whereas whosoever hates them hates them because of their
hatred of me."
The fact is when someone loves another, he loves
everything that person loves, and this was indeed the case with the Companions.
When Anas saw the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, eating a piece of
pumpkin, he said, "From that day I loved pumpkins." Al-Hasan, the
grandson of the Prophet, may the peace of Allah be upon them, went with Jafar
to Salma and asked her to prepare some food the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, used to eat.
Omar once saw the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, wearing a pair of yellow colored sandals, so he too wore a pair of
the same color.
Eighth: The eighth sign is hatred of anyone who
hates Allah and His Messenger, praise and peace be upon him. Such people are
those who show hostility towards to Allah and His Messenger, praise and peace
be upon him. Believers having this sign avoid all who oppose the prophetic way,
and are in opposition to those who introduce innovations into the prophetic way
(that are against the spirit of Islam) and find the law he established
burdensome. Allah says, "You shall find no nation believing in Allah
and the Last Day loving anyone that opposes Allah and His Messenger."58:22.
Ninth: The ninth sign is found in those who love
the Koran which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, brought, by which
the Prophet and they were guided. When asked about the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, Lady Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "His
character was that of the Koran." Part of the love of the Koran is
listening to its recitation, acting according to it, understanding it, keeping
within its bounds and the love of Prophet Muhammad's way.
Sahl, Abdullah's son spoke of this sign saying,
"The sign of loving Allah is love of the Koran. The sign of loving the
Koran is the love of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. The sign of
loving the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is love of his prophetic way.
The sign of loving the prophetic way is the love of the Hereafter. The sign of
loving the Hereafter is hatred for this world. The sign of hatred for this
world is that you do not amass any of it except for provisions and what you
need to arrive safely with in the Hereafter."
Masood's son said, "No one needs to ask
himself about anything other than the Koran, if he loves the Koran then he
loves Allah and His Messenger" praise and peace be upon him.
Tenth: The tenth sign of love for the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, is to have mercy on his nation by advising them
well, striving for the betterment of their interest and removing anything that
is harmful from them in the same way that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, was "gentle and merciful to the believers."9:128.
Eleventh: The eleventh sign of perfect love is
found in whosoever restricts himself through self-denial, preferring poverty to
the attractions of the world.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
Abu Sa'id Al Khudri, "Poverty for those of you who love me flows quicker
than a flood from a mountain's peak to its base."
A man came to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I love you." The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, warned, "Be careful of what you say."
The man repeated his love for him thrice, whereupon the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him told him, "If you love me prepare yourself quickly for
poverty."
Section 5 - The reality and meaning of loving the Prophet
There are integrated opinions in what constitutes
love of Allah and His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and many things
have been said about it, however the reality is that each differing party
refers to different states.
Sufyan said, and perhaps he was thinking of the words
of Allah that say, "If you love Allah, follow me." 3:31
"Love consists of following the Messenger of Allah" praise and peace
be upon him.
Scholars have said:
"Love of the Messenger, praise and peace be
upon him, is to believe in his victory, to protect and obey his prophetic way,
and being fearful of opposition to it."
"Love is the constant remembrance of the
beloved."
"It is preferring the beloved."
"Love is the heart that follows the will of
its master, he loves what he loves and hates what he hates."
"Love is the harmonious inclination of the
heart to the beloved."
Most of these opinions indicate to the fruits of
love rather than the reality of love. The reality of love is the inclination to
what one finds agreeable and harmonious either by:
1. the pleasure of its perfection, such as the love of beautiful
appearances, melodic tones, delicious food and beverages, all of which one
inclines naturally to because they are agreeable.
2. finding pleasure in the perfection of noble inner qualities which
is experienced by the intellect as well as the heart, such as the love of
scholars of Islam, people with upright natures whose lives and deeds are
exemplary. It is natural for a person to incline to a passionate form of love
for such things almost to the extreme.
3. a person can love something on account of finding it agreeable to
him by reason of receiving its benefit and blessings. It is a natural
disposition to love what one finds to be good.
Once these three approaches have been understood,
relate these three causes to the love of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, and discover that these three things inspiring love are also applicable to
him.
The beauty of his physic, external appearance and
his perfect character have already been discussed so there is no necessity to
mention them again.
We have already mentioned the benefits and
blessings the nation of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
receives. And we have also mentioned the attributes of Allah with which he was
blessed and through which mankind benefits such as the compassion he has for
his nation, his mercy towards us, his guidance, tenderness towards us and his
struggle to save us from the Fire. Allah described His Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, saying, "We have not sent you (Prophet Muhammad)
except as a mercy to all the worlds." 24:107, and "O Prophet,
We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings, and to bear warning; a
caller to Allah by His permission and as a light shedding lamp. "
33:45-46. And, "It is He who has raised among the illiterate (Arabs), a
Messenger from themselves, to recite to them His verses, to purify them and to
teach them the Book and the Wisdom.”62:2. Also, "and guides them to
a Straight Path,"5:16.
There cannot be any
goodness worthier or of greater importance than the goodness found in the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, for believers. There is no other favor
that could be more universally beneficial and of greater advantage than his
blessing to all Muslims because he is our path to guidance. He is the one who
rescues us from the error of our blindness. He is the one who calls us to
success and honor! He is our path to our Lord and our intercessor. He is the
one who will speak on our behalf and bear witness for us and bring us, Allah
willing, to the Everlasting Life with its happiness!
It should now be clear to
you dear reader, that the love of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is
obligatory on account of the authentic quotations we have brought to you in
which we related the nature of his overflowing goodness and universal beauty.
If a person can love a
person on account of his generosity towards him once or twice during his life,
or that he saves him from danger or harm even once - and bear in mind that such
are only of a temporal nature - then what of a person who gives him unending
happiness and protects him for the everlasting punishment of Hell? That person
deserves greater love!
A king is loved when his
conduct is good and a ruler is loved when his conduct is upright. Even if a knowledgeable
person or a person of noble character lives far away he will be loved on this
account. But when someone possess all the perfection of these qualities, that
person is more entitled to be loved and more deserving of attachment!
Imam Ali, may Allah be
pleased with him, described the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, saying,
"Whosoever came across him suddenly became timorous of him. Whosoever kept
company with him loved him." You will no doubt recall the story we related
of one of the Companions who simply could not take his eyes away from him
because of the love he had for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
Section 6 -
The obligation of the delivery of advice to the Prophet when requested
Allah says, "There is no fault for the
weak, the sick, and those lacking the means to spend (to stay behind), if they
are true to Allah and His Messenger." 9:91. Commentators say that if
people are sincerely true to Allah and His Messenger, praise and peace be upon
him, then they are sincere Muslims secretly and openly.
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, stressed three times, "The religion is active advice." His
Companions asked, "To whom, O Messenger of Allah?" He replied,
"To Allah and His Book, His Messenger and Muslim leaders, and the ordinary
man." An imam commented that this is an obligation.
Imam Abu Sulayman Al Busti said, "Advice is
a word used to designate the desire for the object of what is good. It is not
possible to explain it with just a single word capable of containing all its
meanings. Linguistically, it is based on sincere care."
Abu Bakr, Abi Isaac's son explained, "Advice
is delivering the outcome of the advice of something that is righteous and
harmonious."
Advice is the delivery of sincere care, its
benefit is conveyed and carried from one to another as follows:
Advice in reference to Allah and for His Sake is
to deliver firm belief in His Oneness, describing Allah in the way in which
Allah describes Himself, and disconnecting Allah from His attributes as
described in the dictionary of human behavior. It is the desire for what Allah
loves, avoidance of what Allah hates and sincerity in worshipping Allah.
Advice in reference to the Book of Allah is to
deliver belief in it, act in accordance to it, its fine recitation, humility on
account of it, and esteem for it. It is also its understanding and seeking
jurisprudence therein as well as protecting it from the misinterpretation of
extremists and the assault of heretics.
Advice in reference to the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, is the delivery of the affirmation of his
prophethood and obedience to him in whatever he commands or forbids. Abu
Sulayman and Abu Bakr both said, "It is to support, help and protect the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in both life and after death. It is to
revive his prophetic way by seeking, protecting and spreading it and adopting
his noble characteristics and manners.
Of the obligations of the heart, Ahmad,
Muhammad's son said that it is one of the obligations of the heart to deliver
advice for the sake of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him.
During the life time of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, the delivery of the advice of his Companions was to help
him, protect him, oppose his enemies, obey him and spend their lives and
property striving to serve him, and this is found in the Words of Allah, "Among
the believers there are men who have been true to their covenant with
Allah." 33:23. ”You shall believe in Allah and His Messenger and
struggle for His Way with your possessions and yourselves." 61:11.
The delivery of advice of Muslims for the sake of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, after his death is to ensure that
his esteem is maintained, to show respect and great love for him. Strive to
learn from his prophetic way, understand his jurisprudence, love his family and
Companions. Avoid whatsoever he disliked and hate whatever deviates from his
prophetic way and being watchful for its occurrence. It is to have mercy for
his nation, the seeking of knowledge of his character, his life and ethics, and
being steadfast in its application.
From this one realizes that the delivery of
advice is one of the fruits of love of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, as well as being amongst its signs.
Imam Abu'l Kasim Al Qushayri said that Amr, Al
Layth's son, who was one of the Kings of Khurasan, famous for his heroism and
known as As-Saffar, was seen in a vision and asked, "What has Allah done
with you?" He replied, "He has forgiven me." Amr was then asked
on what account had Allah forgiven him to which he replied, "One day I
climbed to the peak of a mountain and looked down upon my armies and its vast
number pleased me. Then I wished I could have been with the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah praise and venerate him and grant him peace, so that I might come to
his assistance and help him. It was because of this that Allah forgave
me."
To Muslims the delivery of advice is to obey
their imams when they order with truth. It is also to help them, remind them of
the truth in the best manner, draw their attention to matters they overlook and
also to the affairs of Muslims of which they are unaware. One should neither
attack them nor cause them trouble, or bring about dissension amongst the
people, or alienate them from people.
Advice for the sake of the ordinary Muslim is to
deliver it for their best interest and guide them to it. It is to assist them
in matters of their religion and this world not only by speech but through
action. It is to warn those who are heedless, inform the ignorant, and give to
the needy. It is the concealment of their faults, and repelling what would harm
them and bring to them benefit.
CHAPTER 3
THE NECESSITY TO PRAISE,
Section 1 - Authoritative verses in the Koran to
praise, respect and honor the Prophet
Allah made it obligatory to support, revere and
respect His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. He says, "We have
sent you (Prophet Muhammad) as a witness and as a bearer of glad tidings and
warning. So that you f(people) believe in Allah and His Messenger and that you
support him and revere him. " 48:8-9.
Allah also says, "Believers do not
advance before Allah and His Messenger... Believers, do not raise your voices
above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak loudly to him as you do to one
another lest your works should be annulled without your knowledge, Fear Allah.
Allah is the Hearer, the Knower." 49:1.
Also, "Do not make the calling of the
Messenger among yourselves like the calling to one another."24:63
In the first verse quoted, our attention is drawn
to the obligation to honor Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and
show him the greatest respect. Scholars such as Al Akhfash and At-Tabari are of
the opinion that it also means that he should be helped and assisted.
Believers are warned in the second quoted verse
not to speak before him, to do otherwise would constitute extremely bad
manners. Sahl, Abdullah At-Tustori's son said that the verse means, do not
speak before he speaks and when he speaks listen to him in silence.
Al Hasan and several Companions said that when it
came to decision making, the Companions were forbidden to carry out any matter
before the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, had spoken and given his
instruction. They were not permitted to precede him in such matters.
Allah concludes this verse with the caution that
good deeds may amount to nothing without one's knowledge, then He warns that
believers must fear Him. As-Sulami said it means that one must fear Allah if
you disregard or neglect what is due to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, remember that Allah hears and knows what we do.
It has been said that this verse was sent down
when a delegation from the tribe of Tamin came and shouted out "Muhammad,
Muhammad, come out to us." And that Allah censured them for being ignorant
and said "most of them lack understanding." 49:4. However, it
has also been said that the verse was revealed about people other than the
tribesmen of Tamin.
It has also been said that the former verse was
sent down in reference to a conversation between Abu Bakr and Omar that took
place in the presence of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that
erupted into a dispute in which voices were raised. After the revelation of
this verse Abu Bakr went to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and
said, "By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, after this I will only speak to you
as one speaks to someone when telling him a secret!" From then onwards Omar
also spoke to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in the same manner as
Abu Bakr, however his voice was so low that it was almost inaudible to the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him. Then Allah sent down the
verse, "Those who lower their voice in the presence of the Messenger of
Allah are those whose hearts Allah has tested for warding off (evil). They
shall receive forgiveness and a great wage. " 49:3
It has also been said that it was sent down about
Thabit, Kay's son, the spokesman appointed by the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, to counter the boasting of the tribesmen of Tamim. Thabit was
somewhat hard of hearing and it was his habit to raise his voice. When the
verse was revealed he became fearful and remained in his home fearing that his
deeds were now worthless. Later, he went to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, and told him, "O Prophet of Allah, I fear that I am destroyed.
Allah has forbidden us to raise our voices, and I have a loud voice." The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, comforted him and gave him good news
saying, "Thabit, are you not happy to live in a manner that is worthy of
praise, and be slain as a martyr, and enter the Garden?" Thabit was
martyred in the Battle of Yamama.
Of the third verse Abu Muhammad Makki explained, ""Do
not make the calling of the Messenger among yourselves like the calling to one
another" as meaning that no one should either speak before him or
coarsely to him. Also, that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, should be
respected and held in high esteem and not called out to as one would call to
each other, rather he should be called with the noblest titles such as
Messenger of Allah or Prophet of Allah.
Safwan, Assal's son tells of the time when the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was on a journey and a Bedouin
approached, and called to him in a loud voice, "Muhammad, Muhammad!"
He was told to lower his voice because it had been forbidden to raise one's
voice to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him.
Of the verse "Believers, do not say
'Observe us'" 2:104 a commentator explained that this phrase was in
common use among the Helpers (Ansar) and bears the conditional meaning of
"Observe us, and we will observe you". Out of respect the Ansar were
forbidden to use the phrase when speaking to the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him. It has also been said that the Jews would use the same phrase in
mockery of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, because the word
"Ra'ina" in Hebrew means evil.
Section 2 - The esteem, respect and reverence due to the Prophet
Amr, Al-As's son, spoke of the great love and
respect he had for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, saying,
"There is no one more beloved to me than the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, neither is there anyone I respect more than he. I can
never get my fill of gazing at him on account of the great respect I have for
him. If I were to be asked to describe him, I would be unable to do so, because
I am unable to gaze at him enough."
Anas tells us, "The Messenger of Allah went
out accompanied by the Emigrants and Helpers together with Abu Bakr and Omar.
None of them except Abu Bakr and Omar raised their eyes to look at him. They
would look at the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and he would look at
them, they would smile at him and he would smile at them."
Osama, Sharik's son described a gathering in
which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and some of his Companions
were present. He said, "I came to the Prophet and noticed that his
Companions sat around him as still as if there were birds perched upon their
heads." Hind, Abi Hala's daughter said something similar, "When he
spoke those sitting around him would bow their heads as if there were birds
perched on top of them."
When Urwa, Masood's son, who was yet to embrace
Islam, was sent by the Koraysh as an envoy to the Prophet, praise sand peace be
upon him, prior to the signing of the treaty of Hudaybiyah. He was astounded by
the overwhelming amount of respect the Companions had for the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him. Urwa commented never before had he seen such tremendous
respect paid to anyone. He said that whenever the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, made ablution he saw his Companions rush to receive some of his
leftover water, and in fact nearly fought to receive it. They would take his
spittle and wipe it over their faces and bodies. If a strand of hair fell from
him they would rush to retrieve it. When he gave an instruction they rushed to
fulfill it. When he spoke they lowered their voices in presence. Out of respect
he noticed his Companion did not stare at him. Upon Urwa's return to the
Koraysh, he told them "I have visited Chosroes in his kingdom, Caesar in
his empire, and the Negus in his kingdom, and by Allah, I have never seen any
king or emperor treated with the same respect that the Companions of Muhammad
show to Muhammad."
Prior to the treaty of Hudaybiyah, the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, sent Othman, who was respected by the Koraysh, to
tell of their intent to enter the Sacred Mosque in total peace. The Koraysh
refused to give their permission, however they told Othman they would permit
him to perform the sacred rights at Ka'ba. Othman declined to accept out of
respect for the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, saying,
"I will not do so until the Messenger of Allah does."
Anas spoke of the time the Prophet's hair was
been shaved and said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, having his hair shaved. His Companions stood around him and whenever
a lock of hair fell, one of them would pick it up."
In an earlier section we spoke of how Kayla came
to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and saw him sitting in a
squatting position and that she trembled. Kayla said her trembling was on
account her great timidity and respect she had for him.
When the Companions would come to visit the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Al Mughira tells us that they would tap
on his door with their fingernails.
Al Bara, Azib's son said, "I wanted to ask
the Messenger of Allah, prayer and peace be upon him, about a matter, but
waited for several years to do so on account of my timidity of him."
Section 3 - The respect and high regard for the Prophet after his
death
In the same way as it was necessary to respect
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, during his lifetime, it is very
necessary to respect him now that he has passed away. Included in this is the
respect one must show whenever the Prophet's sayings or way are mentioned, as
well as when one hears mention of his name, his family and Companions.
Abu Abraham At-Tujibi tells us that there is an
obligation upon everyone who believes to be humble, fearful, respectful, and
still whenever the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is mentioned in their
presence. The same degree of respect and manners that was shown by the
Companions during his lifetime should be emulated, just as if he were still in
our presence.
One day Abu Ja'far, the Prince of Believers had a
dispute with Malik in the Mosque of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
Malik reminded him, "Prince of Believers, do not raise your voice in this
Mosque. Allah taught us how to behave by saying, "Believers, do not
raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet." 49:2 and drew his
attention to "those who lower their voice in the presence of the
Messenger of Allah are those whose hearts Allah has tested for warding off
(evil). 49:3 He also reminded him of the warning in the verse "those
who call out to you (Prophet Muhammad)."49:4 thereby reminding him
that even though he had passed away the same respect due to him during his life
time is due to him thereafter. Ja'far was humbled by this reminder and asked
Malik, "Abu Abdullah, when you supplicate do you face the direction of
prayer or do you face the Messenger of Allah?", praise and peace be upon
him, Malik replied, "Why would you turn your face from him when he is your
means and the means of your father Adam to Allah on the Day of Resurrection? I
face him and ask him to intercede because Allah grants his intercession. Allah
says, "If, when they had wrong themselves, they had come to
you..." 4:64."
Malik said of Job As-Sakhtiyani, "I have
never reported anything from any other without finding Job to be better than him.
I went on the Greater Pilgrimage twice and had chance to observe him. Whenever
the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned, he wept
and his eyes became red. When this occurred and I realized the great amount of
respect he had for the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and I would write
things down from him."
Mus'ab Abdullah's son said, "Whenever the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned Malik became so pale that
it caused distress to those in his company. One day he was asked about this and
replied, 'If you had seen what I have seen, you would not be surprised by this.
I would observe Muhammad, Munkadir's son, the master of Koran reciters. On most
occasions when he was asked about a prophetic quotation he wept until his eyes
became red. I observed Jafar, Muhammad's son who would joke and laugh a lot,
but when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned in his
presence, he grew pale and I never saw him relate a saying of the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, without first making ablution. When I used
to visit him I would find him either praying, fasting or reciting the Koran. He
only spoke about necessary things that were of concern to him. He was amongst
the men of knowledge who feared Allah.
The face of Abdur Rahman, Al Kasim's son turned
pale, just as if the blood had drained from it, and his tongue became dry
whenever the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned. It was on
account of the timidity he felt for him. When I visited Amir, Abdullah's son
whose grandfather was Az-Zubair, and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
was mentioned in his presence he would weep until he had no more tears left to
shed. Az-Zuhri was one of the most easy-going and friendly people and I
observed that whenever the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned
in his presence he became oblivious of all, it was as if he were not the same
person. I would visit Safwan, Sulayman's son who was among those most diligent
in their worship and offered prayers throughout the night. Whenever the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was mentioned he wept and continued to
do so and those around him got up and left."
Whenever Katada heard a prophetic quotation he
would break out in a sob and became very agitated.
When a lot of people gathered around Malik,
someone said, "Would that you would appoint someone to whom you could
dictate, then he could make the people hear." Malik replied, "Allah
said, 'Believers, do not raise your voices above the voice of the
Prophet," 49:2. The respect due to him during his lifetime is the same
now that he is dead."
Sirin's son would laugh, but when a prophetic
quotation was mentioned he became humble.
Abdur Rahman, Mahdi's son instructed those in his
company to be silent whenever a prophetic quotation was mentioned, and told
them, "Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet",
praise and peace be upon him. The reason for this lies in his interpretation of
the preceding verse. He said that people must be silent whenever a prophetic
quotation is read, just as if they would if they were in the presence of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, listening to him speaking.
Section 4 - The high regard of the early
generations of Muslims for the transmission of the Prophetic quotations
The Judge of Medina, Abraham, Abdullah's son
tells us that "Malik, Anas' son happened to pass by Abu Hazim who was
teaching some of the prophetic quotations. Malik asked permission to listen,
however there was no place to sit and he said, "I dislike listening to a
prophetic quotation standing up."
We are told by Malik that a man went to Al
Musayyab's son and found him resting. He asked about a certain prophetic
saying, whereupon Al Musayyab's son sat upright and gave him the quotation. The
man said to Al Musayyab, "I wish you had not troubled yourself."
Whereupon he replied, "I would dislike to convey to you a prophetic
quotation whilst resting."
Whenever Malik, Anas' son was about to transmit a
prophetic quotation he, out of respect, would make ablution, put on his robe
and then transmit. When he was asked why he had done so, he replied,
"Because it is the saying of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him."
When people visited Malik, his maid would go to
them and ask, 'The shaykh asks whether you have come to hear prophetic
quotations or if it is because you have a question." If they had
questions, he would come out to hear them, but if it was to hear a prophetic
quotation he would first make ablution, put on some perfume and fresh robes on
top of which he would wear a dark cloak. He would wear a turban and then place
the hood of his cloak over his head. A platform would be set up for him and he
would go out to his visitors in a state of humility, and aloes were burned
until he finished teaching the prophetic sayings. When he was asked why he did
this he replied, "I like to show my respect for the sayings of the
Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, and I will only teach them
when I have made ablution."
Malik disliked being asked about a hadith while
walking in the street, standing up or when he was in a hurry. He said, "I
like to ensure that people understand the sayings of the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him,"
Malik was transmitting some of the sayings of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and during that time Abdullah,
Mubarack's son tells us that a scorpion stung him sixteen times. Malik's face
changed color and became pale, but it did not stop him from continuing his
teaching. At the end of the lesson, after the people departed, Abdullah said to
him, "I saw you do something extraordinary today!" Malik replied,
"Yes, I endured it out of respect for the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him."
The Judge Jarir, Abdul Hamid's son asked Malik
about a prophetic quotation while he was standing up. Malik ordered that he
should be arrested. He was then told, "But this is the judge!" Malik
replied, "A judge should have better manners."
Hisham, Al Ghazi's son was standing up when he
asked Malik about a prophetic saying. Malik struck him twenty times with a whip
and then had pity on him and taught him twenty prophetic quotations. Hisham
said, "I wish he had given me more strikes, and then more prophetic
quotations!"
Section 5 - The Prophet's devotion to his family, descendants and
wives
An element of respect and devotion to Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, is one's devotion to his family, wives
who are the Mothers of Believers, and descendants, may Allah be pleased with
them. Such respect and devotion was evident in the close Companions of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and the early generations.
Allah said, "O family of the House, Allah
only wishes to distance fault from you and cleanse you. " 33:33. Allah
also tells us, "his (Prophet Muhammad's) wives are their mothers."
33:6.
We are told by Zaid, Arqam's son that one day the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said thrice, "I beseech you by
Allah! The People of my House!" When Zaid asked whom he meant by
the "People of his House", he replied, "The family of Ali, the
family of Ja'far (son of Abu Talib), the family of Uqayl (son of Abu Talib),
and the family of Al Abbas."
Shortly before the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, passed away he told his Companions, "I am leaving you with
something. Take hold of it and you will not go astray: the Book of Allah, my
family and the people of my House. Take care to follow my instruction regarding
them."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"Recognition of the family of Muhammad is freedom from the Fire. Love of
the family of Muhammad is crossing over the Bridge. Friendship for the family
of Muhammad is safety from the Fire." A scholar explained recognition
means the recognition of their place in relation to the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him. This recognition is coupled to the recognition of rights and
respect due to them because of it."
Omar, Salama's son tells us that the verse,
"O family of the House, Allah only wishes to distance fault from you
and cleanse you. " 33:33 was sent down in the house of Umm Salama
whereupon, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, called for his daughter
Lady Fatima and her sons Hasan and Hussain and wrapped them in a garment as Ali
stood behind him and said, "O Allah, these are the People of my House, so
remove all impurity from them and purify them completely".
Saad, Abi Wakkas' son spoke of the verse in which
the curse of Allah is invoked, "To those who dispute with you
concerning him after the knowledge has come to you, say, 'Come, let us gather
our sons and your sons, our womenfolk and your womenfolk, ourselves and
yourselves. Then let us humbly pray and so lay the curse of Allah upon the ones
who lie. 3:61. Saad said that when this verse was received the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, called Ali, Hasan, Hussain and Fatima and said,
"O Allah, these are my family."
Of the rank of Ali, may Allah honor his face, the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Whosoever has me for his
master, Ali is his master. O Allah, befriend the one who befriends him and
oppose the one who opposes him!" The Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, told Ali, "Only a believer will love you and only a hypocrite will
hate you."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his uncle Al-Abbas, "By the One in whose hand is my soul, belief will not
enter a persons heart until he loves Allah and His Messenger. Whosoever harms
my uncle has harmed me. A man's uncle is like his father." He also told
Al-Abbas, "My uncle, feed Ali with your children." Then he gathered
them and wrapped them in his robe and said, "This is my uncle, and my
father's own brother and these are the people of my House, so shield them from
the Fire as I am shielding them." Whereupon the threshold of the door and
the walls of the house were heard saying, "Amen, Amen."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, would
take hold of the hand of Osama, Zaid's son and Al-Hasan and supplicate,
"Love them, O Allah, because I love them."
Abu Bakr said, "Respect Muhammad by
respecting the People of his House." He also declared, "By the One in
whose hand is my soul, the near kin of the Messenger of Allah are dearer to me
than my own kindred."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told
his Companions, "Allah loves those who love Hasan." Referring to his
two grandsons, Al-Hasan and Al- Hussain, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "Whosoever loves these two, their father and their mother will
be with me on the Day of Resurrection." May Allah be pleased with them.
Of the Koraysh, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said, "Whosoever demeans the Koraysh, Allah will demean
them." He also said, "Give preference to the Koraysh, and do not
precede them."
To Umm Salama, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said, "Do not injure me by injuring Ayesha."
Ukba, Al Harith's son tells of the time when he
saw Abu Bakr putting Al Hasan on his shoulders and said, "By my father, he
looks like the Prophet! He does not look like Ali!" Ali just laughed.
Abdullah, Hasan's son, who father was Al Hussain
said, "I was in need of something so I went to Omar, Abdul Aziz's son and
he told me, 'If you have a need, send for me or write to me. I am ashamed
before Allah that you should have to come to me."
The mother of Zaid, Thabit's son passed away and
after the funeral prayer he fetched his mule so that he might mount. Abbas' son
saw him, came and took hold of the stirrup whereupon Zaid politely said,
"Let go, nephew of the Messenger of Allah." Abbas' son said, "This
is the way we behave with the knowledgeable." Then Zaid kissed Abbas' hand
and said, "This is the way in which I was instructed to behave with the
People of the House."
The daughter of Osama, Zaid's son who had been a
Companion of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him went, and was now
elderly went to see the son of Omar Abdul Aziz with the help of her servant who
held her by the hand. Upon seeing her Omar respectfully got up and walked
towards her and assisted her by taking hold of her hand, and thereafter placed his
hands on his garment. He walked some of the way with her, then sat her down in
his place while he, himself sat down in front of her and gave her anything she
asked.
When Omar, Al Khattab's son was distributing the
spoils of war, he gave his son Abdullah three thousand whereas he gave Osama,
Zaid's son three thousand five hundred. Abdullah asked his father, "Why
did you give Osama more than me? By Allah, he did not fight in the battle
before me." His father replied, "It was because Zaid was dearer to
the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him. than your father, and
Osama was dearer to him than you, so I preferred the love of the Messenger of
Allah to my love."
When Jaf'ar, Sulayman's son flogged Malik, Anas's
son, Malik became unconscious and people came to nurse to him. When he regained
consciousness he said, "I bear witness to you that I have made my flogging
an act in which I forgive and forgo my rights." He was asked later on why
he had made such a statement, whereupon he replied, "I am afraid of dying
and meeting the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, with the shame that one
of his family entered the Fire because of me." It has been said that the
Caliph, Al Mansoor said that Malik could retaliate against Ja'far, but Malik
declined saying, "I seek refuge in Allah. By Allah, every time the whip
left my body I forgave because of his kinship to the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him."
Abu Bakr, Ayyash's son said, "If Abu Bakr,
Omar and Ali had come to me I would had addressed the needs of Ali first on
account of his kinship to the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon him.
I would rather fall from heaven to earth than prefer either of them to
Ali."
Abbas' son was told, "So-and-so has passed
away" mentioning one of the names of the Prophet's wives, may Allah be
pleased with them, whereupon he prostrated and those around him asked, "Do
you prostrate at this hour?" (which was during an eclipse). He replied,
"What greater sign could there be than the departure of one of the wives
of the Prophet."
Abu Bakr and Omar would visit Umm Ayman, who had
been the maid of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and said, "The
Messenger of Allah used to visit her."
Halima As-Saadiyaa, who had been the foster
mother of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, used to visit the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, whereupon he would spread out his cloak for her
to sit on and attended to anything she needed. After the passing of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon, Abu Bakr and Omar would do the same whenever
she visited them.
Section 6 - The Prophet's respect for his Companions, his
attachment to them and their recognition.
Another aspect of the respect and obedience due
to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is that one should respect his
Companions, follow them, recognize their rights, praise them, ask for their
forgiveness, shy away from discussing their differences, show enmity to those
hostile towards them, and reject the misguidance of the Shi'a and innovators,
as well as the reports of historians or ignorant transmitters (or the poison
subtly introduced by orientalists) who attempt to detract from their esteem. If
something is reported about them regarding the differences that took place
between them, the most correct approach is to adopt the best interpretation and
look for the appropriate way because they are deserving of such. None of the
Companions should be mentioned in a bad manner nor yet rebuked, the correct
approach is to mention their good deeds, virtues and praiseworthy qualities and
remain silent about other matters. Upon this subject, the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "Whenever my Companions are mentioned, hold your
tongue."
Allah says, "Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah. Those who are with him are harsh against the unbelievers but merciful to
one another."48:29. He also says, "As for the first
Outstrippers among the migrants and supporters ... Allah is pleased with them
and they are pleased with Him."9:100. Also "Allah was pleased
with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree and He knew
what was in their hearts. " 48:18. And, "there are men who
have been true to their covenant with Allah. " 33:23.
Hudhayfa heard the Messenger of Allah, praise and
peace be upon him, say, "Follow those after me, Abu Bakr and Omar."
He also said, "My Companions are like stars, whichever of them you follow
you will be guided." We are told by Anas that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said of his Companions, "The likeness of my Companions
is like salt in food, it is not good without it."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"O Allah, Allah, my Companions. Do not make them targets after me! Whosoever
loves them loves them it is because they love me, and whosoever hates them it
is through their hatred of me. Whosoever harms them, harms me. Whosoever does
something to hurt me does it is as if it is hurtful to Allah. Whosoever does
something that appears to be hurtful to Allah is about to be seized."
Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
warned, "Do not curse my Companions. If anyone were capable of spending
the weight of Mount Uhud in gold, it would not even reach the measure of one of
them, nor yet their half." He also said, "Should anyone curse my
Companions, the curse of Allah will fall upon him, and that of the angels and
all mankind. Allah will not accept any exchange or recompense from him."
Jabir tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, said, "Allah chose my Companions over everyone else in
existence except for the prophets and messengers. He chose four of them for me,
Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman and Ali, and He made them to be my best Companions, and
all of my Companions are good."
Of Omar the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "Whosoever loves Omar has loved me, and whosoever hates Omar
hates me."
The jurist Malik, Anas's son and others said,
"Whosoever hates and curses the Companions has no right to the Muslim treasury.
Their judgment was found on the verse, "Those who came after them say,
'Forgive us our Lord, and forgive our brothers who were believers before us. Do
not put in our hearts any spite towards those who believe.'" 59:10.
Malik also was of the opinion that whosoever is outraged by the Companions of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is an unbeliever, on account of the
verse that reads, "and through them He enrages the unbelievers."48:29.
Abdullah, Al Mubarack's son said, "There are
two qualities if found in a person will bring about their salvation. They are
truthfulness and love for the Companions of Muhammad."
Khalid, Sa'id's son said that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him said, "O my people, I am pleased with Abu Bakr, so
make it known. O my people, I am pleased with Omar, Ali, Othman, Talha,
Az-Zubair, Saad, Sa'id and Abdur Rahman, Awf's son, so make it known. O my
people, Allah has forgiven the people of Badr and Al Hudabiyyah. O my people,
protect me in my Companions and my relatives by marriage. Do not let any of
them have cause to demand of you any restitution for an injustice committed
against them. A wrongful claim will not be granted on the Day of
Resurrection."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of the importance of loving his Companions saying, "I will be the guardian
of whosoever protects me in my Companions on the Day of Resurrection, and
whosoever protects me in my Companions will come to me at the Pool (Kawthar),
but whosoever does not protect me in my Companions will not come to me at the
Pool and will only see me from a distance."
Malik, Anas's son said, "Prophet Muhammad,
praise and peace be upon him, taught his followers the manner to which Allah
guided him, and by which He made him a mercy for the worlds. In the darkness of
night he would go to Al Baqi (the cemetery in which many of his family and
Companions are buried) and supplicated for forgiveness for them in the same way
that a person goes to see someone off on a journey. Allah had commanded him to
do that, and the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, commanded his nation to
have love and friendship for them and to be in opposition to those who opposes
his Companions."
Section 7 - The respect for the things and places
associated with the Prophet
Another element of the one's reverence and esteem
for Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, is found in all things and
places connected to him in Mecca, Medina and elsewhere.
Of Medina, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, said, "The curse of Allah, the angels and all mankind falls upon
whosoever innovates something (against the spirit of Islam) in it or shelters
an innovator (of something against the spirit of Islam) therein."
Saffiyah, daughter of Najda tells us that Abu
Madhura had a long lock of hair on his forehead that touched the ground when he
sat down. When he was asked why he did not cut it he replied, "I will not
cut off something that the hand of the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be
upon him, touched."
The Sword of Islam, Khalid, Al Waleed's son had
some strands of the Prophet's of hair that he placed inside his cap. During one
of the battles the cap fell off whereupon he fought zealously to retrieve it.
He told his companions that he had not fought for the sake of the cap, rather
he had fought to retrieve the strands of the Prophet's hair that were tucked
within it so that he would not be deprived of their blessing, and also to avoid
them falling into the hands of the unbelievers.
Omar's son was seen placing his hand on the seat
of the Prophet's pulpit and then wipe it over his face.
It was on account of the esteem Malik had for the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that we would not ride a mount in
Medina. He would say, "I am too shy before Allah to trample with the hoof
of an animal upon the earth in which the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, is buried."
Someone in Medina said, "The soil of Medina
is bad." This outrageous statement caused Malik to pronounce the judgment
against him that he should be beaten and jailed. The man had connections to the
hierarchy of Medina but Malik did not retract his judgment and said, "He
claims the soil in which the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is buried
is not good!"
Jihjah Al Ghifari snatched hold of the Prophet's
staff from Othman's hand and proceeded to try and break it across his knee.
Upon seeing this the people shouted at him. Thereafter he was stricken by an
itching disease in his knee and despite its amputation he died within the year.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"Whosoever swears to a lie on my pulpit will have a seat in the
Fire."
A believer was blessed to visit the City of
Medina and as he approached he sang the following song:
"The veil has been lifted from us and a moon
shines out to those who look on, banishing all illusions.
As our mounts reach Muhammad,
it is forbidden for us to be found in our
saddles.
We are drawing near to the best man to have
ever walked upon the earth, so it is with respect and honor that we hold this
ground."
When a pious shaykh went on pilgrimage he went on
foot. When asked why he had done so, he replied, "What, an offending
worshiper going to the home of his master riding! Had I been able to walk upon
my head, I would not have walked upon my feet!"
Reverence and respect for the places in which the
Revelation were received and which the angels Gabriel and Michael visited, as
well as places where the angels descended, also places that heard the sounds of
worship and exaltation, and the blessed soil that surrounds the body of the
Master of all mankind, praise and peace be upon him, and places from which the
religion of Allah and the prophetic quotations of the Messenger of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him, were spread are necessities.
One must also revere and respect the places where
verses of the Koran were studied, the mosques in which the prayer was offered,
places where virtues and good deeds were witnessed, places that saw proofs and
miracles, places associated with the rites of the religion and the stations of
the pilgrimage and the waymarks of the Master of all the messengers of Allah,
praise and peace be upon him. The places where the Seal of the Prophets, praise
and peace be upon him, lived and from which the prophecy gushed and where its
waves overflowed. The places that witnessed the message, and the first earth
that the skin of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, touched after his
death - its fragrance should be inhaled, its residence and walls kissed.
"O abode of the best
of all Messengers the one by whom people are guided and he who was chosen to
receive the verses.
For you I have intense,
passionate love, and a yearning which kindles the embers of my heart.
I have a vow - if I fill
my eyes with those walls and the places where you walked, then my turbaned gray
head will be covered with dust from so much kissing.
Had it not been for
obstacles and enemies,
I would always visit
them,
even if I were to be
dragged upon my feet.
But I will be guided in
my eagerness to greet the inhabitants of those houses and rooms.
By a scent purer than the
most splendid musk which covers him each morning and evening.
Pure, and ever increasing
blessings are bestowed upon him through the prayers for peace and blessings
upon him."
THE PRAISE ON
THE PROPHET,
praise and peace be upon him,
ITS VERDICT, OBLIGATION, AND VIRTUE
(It is worth noting, that
the word "prayer" occurs in two different expressions. The first is
in the obligatory prayer to Allah, and the second is the prayer on the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, which is a statement of praise of the Prophet
when mentioned by Allah and His angels and it is a supplication of praise done
by believers.)
Section 1 - What is meant by the prayer on the
Prophet
Allah tells us, "Allah and His angels praise
and venerate the Prophet. Believers, praise and venerate him and pronounce
peace upon him in abundance. " 33:56. Abbas' son stresses the fact
that Allah and His angels praise and venerate Prophet Muhammad, praise and
peace be upon him. It has been said that Allah showers His mercy upon His
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and His angels supplicate for him.
Al Mubarrad said, "The root of the prayer is
the invocation of mercy. It is mercy from Allah. From His angels it is
graciousness and a supplication for the Mercy of Allah.
A hadith sheds further light and tells us that
when someone praises the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, while waiting
for the commencement of the prayer, the angels say, "O Allah, forgive him!
O Allah have mercy upon him."
Abul Aliya explained, "The praise of Allah
is His praising of the Prophet to His angels, and the praise of the angels is
supplication."
In reference to the command of Allah to His
worshipers to supplicate for peace upon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, the Judge Abu Bakr, Bukyr's son said, "This verse was sent down on
the Prophet, and Allah commanded his Companions to supplicate for peace upon
him. Those who came after are also commanded to supplicate for peace upon the
Prophet not only when they visit his tomb but whenever he is mentioned."
Three definitions have been given to the
supplication "As Salaamu alaykum" The first is that the word
"salaama" is that of safety for you and with you. The second is
"As-Salaamu" meaning your protection, being guarded and preservation
as found in the Name of Allah "As-Salaam". The third is "As-
Salaam" derived from the meaning of "musalaama" (reconciliation)
and submission to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, as in the Words of
Allah, "But no, by your Lord, they will not believe you until they make
you the judge regarding the disagreement between them, then, they will not find
in themselves any discomfort concerning your verdict, and will surrender to you
in full submission."4:65
Section 2 - The ruling about the prayer on the Prophet
Dear reader, one must be aware that Allah has
commanded us to praise His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Praising the
Prophet, is a general obligation and is not restricted to a specific time.
There is no dispute about its obligatory nature, however Abu Jafar At-Tabari
was of the opinion that this verse, "Allah and His angels praise and
venerate the Prophet. Believers, praise and venerate him and pronounce peace
upon him in abundance." 33:56 is a recommendation is overruled.
When one praises the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, one fulfills the obligation, the performance of which voids the wrong
action that would be present if one were not to do so. The minimum is to say it
once as in the case when one bears witness to his Prophethood, however it is
very desirable to say it more often and one finds its doing to be highly
recommended in the authentic quotations of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace
be upon him.
The Judge Abu Bakr, Bukayr's son tells us,
"Allah has made it an obligation upon His creation to praise and ask for
peace upon Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him. Allah did not assign
a specific time, and the obligation of believers is that one should do it as
often as possible and never neglect its doing."
The Judge Abu Abdullah, Sa'id's son tells us,
"The position of Imam Malik (of the Maliki school of jurisprudence), his
companions as well as other knowledgeable people is that the prayer on the
Prophet is a general obligation and conditional to belief, and is not limited
to the obligatory five daily prayers. However, whosoever praises the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, once in his lifetime has removed the minimum
obligation."
The followers of Imam Shafi'i (of the Shafi'i
school of jurisprudence) say that the obligation which Allah and His Messenger,
praise and peace be upon him, command applies only to the obligatory prayer.
There is no disagreement that it is not obligatory.
The consensus of not only all the early scholars
but those who came after is that the prayer on the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, in the final sitting before the closure of the prayer is not an
obligatory part of the prayer.
Imam Shafi'i is the exception and says that any
prayer that does not contain the prayer on the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, in the final sitting of one's prayer when one bears witness to the
Oneness of Allah before the greeting of peace (the tashahuhd) is invalid.
The Maliki school of jurisprudence, the people of
Medina, Sufyan Ath-Thawri, and the people of Kufa in the company of others are
of the opinion that it is recommended to say the prayer in the final sitting of
one's prayer when one bears witness to the Oneness of Allah before the greeting
of peace, and it is disliked that it be omitted.
If the prayer is omitted due to forgetfulness,
Isaac, Abraham's son says the prayer does not have to be repeated, however if
it is omitted intentionally then the prayer must be repeated.
We are told by Abu Ya'la that the Maliki school of
jurisprudence has three opinions, the first is that it is obligatory, the
second it is sunna, and the third it that it is recommended.
Jabir tells us that the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, taught them what is to be said in praise of him during the final
sitting of the prayer, (tashahuhd) in the same way he taught them a chapter of
the Koran. Omar's son said Abu Bakr would teach them what is to be said in
praise of the Prophet during the final sitting of the prayer (tashahuhd) from
the pulpit in the same way children are taught.
There is a prophetic quotation that says,
"No prayer is valid for those who do not offer the prayer on me." Al
Qassar's son explained, this quotation with the meaning that the prayer in
incomplete without it or, it refers to someone who has not offered the praise
on the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, at least one during his lifetime.
However, scholars of prophetic quotations consider this quotation to be weak.
Masood's son heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "Whosoever offers the obligatory prayer but does not ask
for blessings upon me, and the people of my House, his prayer is not
accepted."
Ad-Darakutni said, "The correct
interpretation is that of Abu Ja'far Muhammad, son of Al Hussain who said,
"If I were to offer a prayer in which I did not ask for blessings upon the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, or the people of his House, I would
think it was incomplete."
Section 3 -
Times when it is recommended to say the prayer on the Prophet
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, heard
a man making a supplication in his prayer without asking for blessings upon him
whereupon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, commented, "This is
hasty." Then he called the man and told those in his company, "When
one of you supplicates, he should begin by praising Allah and then say the
prayer on His Prophet, thereafter he can supplicate for whatever he
wishes."
The Caliph Omar, Al Khattab's son, may Allah be
pleased with him, spoke of one's supplication and prayer and said, "The
supplication and prayer are suspended between the heaven and the earth. None of
it rises to Allah until you say the prayer on the Prophet." Ali, may Allah
honor his face said something similar with the addition, "and on the
family of Muhammad." It has also been transmitted that the supplication is
veiled until the suppliant offers the prayer on the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him.
Masood's son advised, "If any of you wishes
to ask Allah for something, he should first begin by praising and exalting Him
in the way He is deserving, then he should ask for blessings upon the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him. It is then that the supplication is most likely
to be answered."
Jabir heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, say, " Do not make me to be like the disposable jug of a rider, he
fills his jug, puts it down then loads his baggage. If he needs to drink, he
drinks from it, if he needs to make ablution he does so. If not, he pours it
away. Place me at the beginning of the supplication, in its middle and the
end."
Ata's son spoke of the supplication saying,
"The supplication has pillars, wings, means and moments. When its pillars
are strong it is acceptable. If its wings are acceptable, it flies. If its
moments are accepted, it is given success. If its means are acceptable, it
wins. Its pillars are the presence of the heart, mercy and humility and the
heart's suspension before Allah and severance from the reliance on means. Its
wings are truthfulness and sincerity. It moments are before dawn. Its means are
the prayer on the Prophet." May Allah praise and venerate him and grand
him perfect peace.
It is reported in the Prophetic quotations
"The supplication between the two prayers is not rejected." Also,
"Each supplication is veiled below the heavens until the praising of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is said, it is then that it
ascends."
Abbas' son concluded his supplication with the
words, "Please accept my supplication" then he praised the Prophet
saying, "O Allah I ask You to praise Prophet Muhammad, Your Worshiper,
Prophet and Your Messenger better than anyone else amongst all Your
creation."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, should
be praised whenever mention of his name is heard and when his name is written.
He should also be praised when hearing the Call to Prayer because he said,
"If my name is mentioned in front of a person and he does not praise me,
for him it is as if his nose is rubbed in the dust."
The scholar Habib's son disliked anyone to mention
the name of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, when slaughtering an
animal, and the famouse Maliki scholar, Sahnon, disliked the name of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, to be mentioned when someone expressed
their surprise. To this Qasim's son added "when sneezing" (because it
is rendered secondary).
A compiler of one of the six major references of
Prophetic Sayings by the name of Nisai reports the command that one should
increase one's praising of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, on a
Friday.
Issac's son tells us that one should praise the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, upon entering the mosque.
Amru, Dinar's son tells us that when you enter
houses (in which no one is there), you should say, "Peace, be upon the Prophet
and the mercy of Allah and His blessing, and peace be upon us and upon the good
people of Allah. Peace be upon the inhabitants of the house, and the mercy of
Allah and His blessing." To this Abbas' son added, "What is meant
here by houses is mosques."
Al Qama tells of how he entered the Mosque. He
said, "When I enter the Mosque I say peace be upon you O Messenger of
Allah, coupled with the mercy and blessing of Allah. Allah and His Angels
praise the Prophet."
The daughter of the Prophet, Lady Fatima, may
Allah be pleased with her, tells us that the Prophet himself, praise and peace
be upon him, would ask Allah to praise him when entering the Mosque.
The Companions reported that the prayer upon the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, should be said by the imam and also the
congregation during the funeral prayer (after the second pronouncing of Allahu
Akbar).
A highly recommended practice, accepted by all
the nation of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, is that one
should praise him in letters and whatever is written after In the Name of
Allah, the Merciful, the Most Merciful (Bismillah Ir Rahman Ir Raheem).
Ukba, Amru's son said in his narration, "O
Allah, praise Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet and the family of
Muhammad."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gives
us the good news saying, "The angels ask for forgiveness for whosoever
praises me in a book as long as my name remains in that book."
Abu Masood Ansari tells us of another saying of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "Say, O Allah, praise Muhammad
and the family of Muhammad as you praised the family of Abraham, and bless
Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed Abraham in all the worlds.
Indeed You are the all Praised and Glory. As for peace (you say according to
the way), it is has been taught to you."
Section 4 - The manner in which the prayer on the Prophet and
asking for peace upon him should be made
Abu Humayd As Sa'idi tells us that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him was asked what is to be said when one offers the
prayer upon him. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "Say,
'O Allah, praise Muhammad, his wives and descendants as You praised the family
of Abraham, and grant blessing upon the family of Muhammad as You granted blessings
to the family of Abraham in all the worlds. You are the Praised, the
Glorious."
Ka'b Ujra's son reported the supplication with a
slight variation saying, "O Allah, praise Muhammad and the family of
Muhammad as You praised Abraham. You are the Praised, the Glorious."
Abu Sa'id Al Khudri reported the quotation as
"O Allah, praise Muhammad, Your worshiper and Your Messenger."
Imam Ali, may Allah honor his face, said,
"The Messenger of Allah counted them out on my hand and told me that
Gabriel had counted the supplications on his hand, saying, 'This is how it was
sent down from the Lord of Might - O Allah, praise Muhammad and the family of
Muhammad as You praised Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are the Praised,
the Glorious. O Allah grant blessings to Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as
You granted blessings to Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are the
Praised, the Glorious. O Allah, grant peace to Muhammad and the family of
Muhammad as You granted peace to Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are the
Praised the Glorious.'"
Abu Hurayrah heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "Whosoever wishes to be given the fullest measure when
he supplicates upon us, the People of the House, should say, 'O Allah, praise
Muhammad, the Prophet, his wives, the Mothers of Believers, his descendants and
the People of his House, just as You praised the family of Abraham. You are the
Praised, the Glorious."
When Zaid, Kharija Al Ansari's son asked the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, how he should supplicate for blessings
upon him, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, replied, "O Allah
bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, just as You blessed Abraham. You are
the Praised, the Glorious."
Salama Al Kindi spoke of the time when Imam Ali
taught them how to pray on the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Imam Ali
taught them: "O Allah, the One who spread out the leveled expanses and
created the heavens!
Bestow Your noble praise, Your ever increasing
blessings and the compassion of Your Tenderness upon Muhammad, Your worshiper
and Your Messenger, the Opener of what was closed.
The Seal of what came before.
The one who announces the truth by the Truth.
The one who triumphs over the armies of falsehood
as he was entrusted to do.
He who took upon himself with eagerness
Your command to obey You to gain Your pleasure.
He retains within him Your Revelation, preserves
Your guidance and carries out Your command so that mankind can receive Your
blessings, kindling because of him, a brand with which they can bring to their
families. Hearts were guided by him after they had been plunged into trials and
sinful actions.
He illuminated the clear signs, luminous rules
and way-marks of Islam.
He is Your trusted guardian, the treasurer of
Your hidden knowledge, Your witness on the Day of Rising, the one You sent with
Your blessings and in truth Your Messenger, a mercy.
O Allah, give him a spacious abode in Your Eden
and reward him with good multiplied many times over from Your overflowing
Favor, that You gave to him without effort through the victory on gaining Your
reward and generous gift.
O Allah, place whatever he builds above what
other people build and give to him a noble place of rest and hospitality.
Complete his light for him, and recompense him
from Your worshipers by acceptance and words that please, with just words,
decisive action and immense proof."
Note:
Imam Jazoli collected such prayers on the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and compiled them in seven chapters in
his famous book "Dalail Al
Khayrat", so that one chapter can be read
each day of the week. This work can be found in Arabic and English on
Allah.com).
Referring to the verse "Allah and His
angels praise and venerate the Prophet." 33:56. Imam Ali, may Allah
honor his face, said, "Obedient to You, my Lord. The praise of Allah, the
Good and Merciful, the near angels, those who are true, the martyrs, the good
people, and all that exalts You, O Lord of all the worlds, be upon Muhammad,
son of Abdullah, the Seal of the Prophets, the Master of the Messengers, and
the Leader of those who fear You, and the Messenger of You, the Lord of all the
worlds. The witness, the bearer of good news, the one who invites people to You
by Your permission, the light-giving lamp - and peace be upon him!"
Abdullah, Masood's son said, "O Allah,
bestow Your blessings and mercy upon the Master of all the Messengers, the
Leader of those who fear You, the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad, Your
worshiper and Messenger, the leader of the good and the Messenger of Mercy. O
Allah, raise him to the praised station which will be the envy of the first and
the last. O Allah, praise Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You praised
Abraham. You are the Praised, the Glorious. Give blessings to Muhammad and the
family of Muhammad as You granted blessings to Abraham and the family of
Abraham. You are the Praised the Glorious."
Al Hasan Al Basri said, "Whosoever wishes to
drink the fullest cup from the Pool (Kawthar) of the Chosen one (Prophet
Muhammad) should say, 'O Allah, praise Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and
his Companions, his sons, daughters, wives and descendants, the People of his
House, his relatives by marriage and the Ansar (Helpers), and his followers, as
well as those who love him, and bless us along with all of them, O Most
Merciful of the merciful."
Abbas' son would supplicate saying, "O
Allah, accept the greatest intercession of Muhammad, and raise him to the
highest station. Grant his every request in the Next Life and this Life as You
answered the prayers of Abraham and Moses"
Wuhayb Al Ward's son would supplicate saying,
"O Allah, give Muhammad the best of whatever he asked You for himself, and
give to him the best of what any of Your creation has asked of You for him. And
give Muhammad the best of all that You will be asked for until the Day of
Resurrection."
The supplication of Masood's son was, "When
you ask for blessings upon the Prophet, make the prayer excellent. You do not
know if it will be shown to him. Say, 'O Allah, bestow Your praise, Your mercy
and Your blessings on the Master of the Messenger, the Leader of those who fear
You, the Leader of the Good and the Messenger of Mercy."
The preceding are but a taste of the multitude of
prayers both brief and long in praise of our beloved Prophet and his family,
praise and peace be upon him and them.
The supplication of Imam Ali in the final sitting
of his prayer in which one bears witness to the Oneness of Allah before the
greeting of peace reads: "Peace be upon the Prophet. Peace be upon all the
Prophets and Messengers of Allah. Pease be upon the Messenger of Allah, peace
be upon Muhammad, son of Abdullah. Peace be upon us and upon all believers, men
and women alike, those who are absent and those who are present. O Allah,
forgive Muhammad and accept his intercession and forgive the People of his
House. Forgive me and my parents, and their descendants, and have mercy upon
them. Peace be upon all the righteous worshipers of Allah. Peace be upon you, O
Prophet and the mercy of Allah and His blessings."
Abu Omar, Abdul Barr's son and others are of the
opinion that one should not ask for mercy for the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, rather one should ask for praise and blessings specific to him. They
say that one should only ask for mercy and the forgiveness for others.
In the prayer on the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, Abu Muhammad, Abu Zaid's son included, "O Allah, have mercy on
Muhammad (because the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was sent as a
mercy himself) and the family of Muhammad as You had mercy to Abraham and the
family of Abraham." This is not based on a prophetic quotation rather its
proof lies in the words in the greeting of peace. "Peace be upon you O
Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings."
Section 5 - The excellence of the prayer on the
Prophet, asking for peace upon him and supplicating for him
Abdullah, Amr's son reports the saying of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "When you hear the Caller to
Prayer, repeat what he says and ask for blessings upon me. Whosoever asks for
blessings upon me once, Allah blesses him ten times. Thereafter ask for the
rank of go-between (wasila) for me. It is a rank in the Garden reserved for
only one of the worshipers of Allah and it is my hope that it will be for me.
My intercession is granted to whosoever asks for the rank of "wasila"
for me."
Anas, Malik's son tells us the good news that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Whosoever asks for blessings
upon me once, Allah blesses him tenfold and ten sins fall from him and he is
raised by ten degrees." In addition to this are the words, "and ten
good deeds are written for him."
Anas also tells us that the Arch-Angel Gabriel
told Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, "Whosoever praises
you once, Allah praises him ten times and raises him by ten degrees."
Abdur Rahman, Awfs son says something similar, he reports the Prophet's saying,
"I met Gabriel who told me, 'I bring to you good news that Allah has said
that whosoever asks for peace for you, He blesses him with peace. Whosever asks
for blessings upon you, Allah blesses him."
Zaid, Al Hubab's son heard the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, say, "Whosoever says, 'O Allah, praise Muhammad and
raise him to Your nearness on the Day of Resurrection' will indeed receive my
intercession. Those nearest to me on the Day of Resurrection are those who have
said the most prayers upon me."
Abu Hurayrah heard the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, say, "The angels ask forgiveness for whosoever praises me in
a letter or book, as long as my name remains on that page."
Amr Rabi'a's son heard the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, say, "The angels continue to bless anyone who asks for
blessings upon me, as long as he continues doing so. Therefore do so in
abundance or even a little."
Ubayy, Ka'b's son said that upon the passing of
the first quarter of the night, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
arose and said, "O people, remember Allah! The quake has come which will
be followed by its sequel. Death will come with all that accompanies it."
Ubayy asked, "O Messenger of Allah, I say a lot of praising upon you, how
much of my praising should I devote to you?" The Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, replied, "Do as much as you like." Ubayy asked, "A
quarter?" He replied, 'Do as much as you like, and if you do more it is
better." Ubayy inquired again, "A third?" He replied, "Do
as much as you like, and if you do more it is better. Ubayy asked,
"Two-thirds?" Again he replied, 'Do as much as you like, and if you
do more it is better." Whereupon Ubbay said, "O Messenger of Allah, I
will devote all my praising for you." The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said, "Then you will have enough and your sins will be
forgiven."
Abu Talha tells us of the time he saw the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, happier than he had ever seen him, and
asked him about it. The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, told him.
"Indeed, Gabriel has just left me and brought me good news from Allah that
He has sent me to give good news that when any of my nation asks for prayers
upon me (praise and veneration), Allah and His angels bless that person ten
times for its doing."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said,
"People will come to me who I will only recognize on account of the
abundance of prayer they said upon me." Wahb's son tells us that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Whosoever asks for peace on
me ten times, it is as if he had freed a slave!"
We are also blessed with the knowledge that has
reached us from the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "The first to
be saved from the terrors and its places on the Day of Resurrection will be the
one who supplicated most for me."
Speaking of the tremendous blessings received for
one's praising of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, Abu Bakr As Siddiq
said that the prayer on the Prophet wipes out sin in the same way that cold
water extinguishes a fire. To ask for peace upon the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, is better than freeing slaves (meaning higher in reward despite
this the Companions continued to free slaves until it was eliminated as it was
their habit to mix different ranks of deeds.)
Jabir, Abdullah's son tells us that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "Whenever anyone hears the Call to
Prayer and says, 'O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and this established
prayer, grant Muhammad the rank of go- between (wasila) and excellence, and
raise him to the praised station which You have promised him' will receive my
intercession on the Day of Resurrection."
Saad Abi Wakkas tells us of another supplication
to be made upon hearing the Call to Prayer, "When anyone hears the Call to
prayer and says, 'I bear witness that there is no god except Allah alone, with
no partner and Muhammad is His worshiper and Messenger. I am pleased with Allah
as my Lord and Muhammad as the Messenger, and Islam as my religion' will be
forgiven."
Section 6 - Reproaching those who do not ask for
blessings upon the Prophet and their wrong doing
Abu Hurayrah tells us that he heard the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, say, "Dust be upon the face of
whosoever does not ask for me to be praised when I am mentioned in his
presence! Dust be upon the face of whosoever Ramadan commences and finishes
before he has received forgiveness! Dust be upon the face of whoever's parents
reach old age and they are not the cause of his entering the Garden!" .
As the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
climbed upon the pulpit he said "Ameen". This occurred three times
whereupon Mu'adh inquired about its nature. The Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, told him, "Gabriel came to me and said, 'Muhammad, whenever your
name is mentioned in front of a person and he does not ask for blessings upon
you and dies thereafter, that person will enter the Fire. Allah will distance
him, say 'Ameen', so I said, 'Ameen'. Gabriel told me, 'When Ramadan comes and
it is not accepted from a person and he dies, it is the same, say 'Ameen' so I
said 'Ameen'. If someone has two parents, or just one, and does not show
kindness and goodness to them and dies, it is the same, say 'Ameen' so I said
'Ameen'."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
defined a miser saying, "A miser is someone who does not supplicate for
praise upon me when I am mentioned in his presence." On the same subject,
Jafar, Muhammad's son reports the saying of the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, "When I am mentioned in the presence of a person and he does not
supplicate for praise upon me, he has swerved away from the Path to the
Garden."
From Abu Hurayrah we learn that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, said, "When people gather together, sit and
depart without mentioning Allah and supplicating for praise upon His Prophet, a
dark shadow falls upon them that will be a cause for regret in the Hereafter.
If Allah wills, He will punish them, if He wills, he will forgive them."
Abu Hurayrah also reported, "Whosoever forgets to pray on me (the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him), has forgotten the Path to the Garden."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
mentioned an element of bad manners, and Katada tells us that he said, "An
element of bad manners towards me is that when I am mentioned in the presence
of someone, that person does not supplicate for praise upon me."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, tells
us, "When people sit in a gathering and depart without saying the prayer
upon me, they depart on something fouler than the odor of a corpse." In
addition to this the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "When
people sit in a gathering in which they do not supplicate for me grief descends
upon them, when they enter the Garden, they will not receive some of its
reward."
Jesus At-Tirmidhi tells us that a knowledgeable
person said, "Whenever a person supplicates for praise upon the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, once in a gathering, he receives the reward for
whatever takes place in that gathering."
(May Allah praise and venerate our Master
Muhammad, and grant him perfect peace in abundance, increasing continuously
throughout time and all eternity.)
Section 7 - The distinguishing of the Prophet through the
revelation of the supplication for praising him
One day the Messenger of Allah, praise and peace
be upon him, spoke of the greetings of peace upon him that would be made after
his death. Abu Hurayrah tells us he said, "Whenever anyone will greet me
with peace, Allah will return my soul to me so that I may return the
greeting." Abu Hurayrah also tells us that he said, "I will hear
whosoever asks for me to be praised in my tomb. Even if someone is far away
from me and supplicates for praise upon me, that too is conveyed to me."
Masood's son tells us that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, spoke of the action of the angels saying, "Angels
roam the earth to convey peace to me from my nation."
Omar's son advised, "Offer an abundance of
prayer on your Prophet every Friday, because its presented to him on that
day."
Al-Hasan, Ali's son heard the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, say, "Praise me wherever you are. Your prayer will
reach me."
It has been said that the name of the person who
asks for praise upon the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, is shown to him
as the person offers it.
Al-Hasan, Ali's son said, "Whenever you
enter the (Prophet's) Mosque, greet the Prophet."
Sulayman, Suhaym's son tells us of a vision he
had and says, "I saw the Prophet in a vision and asked him, 'O Messenger
of Allah, do you recognize the greeting of those who come to you?' The Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, replied, 'Yes, and I answer them.'"
Shehab's son heard the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, tell his Companions, "Offer an abundance of prayer
on me in the radiant night (the night preceding Friday) and the radiant day
(Friday) because it will be conveyed from you. The earth does not consume the
bodies of prophets, and when a Muslim asks for me to be praised an angel
conveys it to me and mentions his name."
Section 8 - Disputation concerning invoking
supplications of praise on other than the Prophet and his fellow prophets
The majority of knowledgeable scholars of Islam
say that it is permitted to ask for prayers upon people other than prophets.
Abbas' son holds a different opinion and says
that it is not permissible.
Sufyan Ath-Thawri was of the opinion that it is
disliked to ask for prayers to be said upon anyone other than a prophet,
Judge Eyad's tells us that one of his shaykhs
said, "In Malik' school of jurisprudence it is not permitted to single-out
for prayer any prophet other than Muhammad (unless it is combined with Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him)."
In the reference "Al Mabsut", Malik is
quoted as having said to John, Isaac's son, "I dislike that people pray on
anyone other than the prophets. We should not exceed what we have been
commanded to do."
John, John Al Laythi's son said he did not accept
this opinion. He said there is nothing harmful in offering prayers on any of
the prophets or other people. To prove his point he quoted the transmission of
Omar's son and the quotation in which the Prophet taught us the prayer on
himself, and draws our attention to the phrase, "And on his wives and
family." He said, "In the appendix of Abu Imran Al Fasi I found
related from Abbas' son the dislike of offering the prayer on singling-out
anyone other than the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, as he indicated,
'That is what we say. It was not previously used.'"
Abu Hurayrah tells us that the Messenger of
Allah, praise and peace be upon him, told them, "Ask for blessings upon
the Prophets of Allah and His Messengers, and Allah will convey the blessings
to them as He conveys them to me."
Generally speaking the word "prayer"
means supplication and asking for mercy, unless stated otherwise in an
authentic hadith or the consensus of scholars that restrict its meaning.
Allah says, "It is He who has mercy on
you, and His angels." 33:43. He also says, "Take charity from
their wealth, in order that they are thereby cleansed and purified, and pray for
them. " 9:103. And "On those will be prayers and mercy from
their Lord, " 2:157
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was
heard supplicating for blessings upon his Companions, he said, "O Allah,
bless the family of Abu
Wafa."
When people
brought the obligatory charity to him for distribution, he supplicated,
"O Allah, bless the family of
so-and-so."
In the hadith mentioning the prayer on the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, we find, "O Allah, bless Muhammad,
his wives and descendants," or "and the family of Muhammad." The
latter has been explained with the meaning of either his followers, his nation,
or the People of his House (either in combination or mixed). It has also been
explained as meaning his followers, group or tribe, or a person's children, or
his people. On the other hand, it has also been said that it refers to the
family of the Prophet, may Allah be pleased with them, to whom charity is
forbidden.
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
was asked, "Who are the family of Muhammad?" Anas tells us that he
replied, "All those who fear Allah."
When Al Hasan offered the prayer upon the
Prophet, he would say, "O Allah, bestow Your praise and Your blessings on
the family of Muhammad," meaning himself, because he did not neglect the
obligatory command of Allah. This is similar to the Prophet's saying, "I
was given one of the flutes of the family of David."
Abu Jumayd As Sa'idi would supplicate, "O
Allah, bless Muhammad, his wives and descendants."
Omar's son tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, would ask for blessings upon Abu Bakr and Omar. This is also
mentioned in Imam Malik's reference Muwatta. In other words he would supplicate
for Abu Bakr and Omar.
Anas, Malik's son said, "When we used to
supplicate for our companions in the Unseen we would say, 'O Allah, bestow the
prayers of a good person who prays at night and fasts in the day on
so-and-so.''' Sufyan adhered to the same.
Abbas' son did not offer a prayer upon anyone
unless that person was a prophet. He did this to distinguish the special esteem
and respect he had for them.
We know it is necessary to distinguish Prophet
Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, from other prophets by asking for
praise and venerations upon him, because of the command of Allah. "Believers,
praise and venerate him and pronounce peace upon him in abundance."
33:56. Whereas Allah mentioned other people in terms of asking for forgiveness
and expresses pleasure. He says, "Those who came after them say,
'Forgive us our Lord, and forgive our brothers who were believers before
us." 59:10, also "and those who followed them in doing good,
Allah is pleased with them. " 9:100.
The scholars of Islam say that the prayer for
someone was made either as a supplication or as a greeting when the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him met someone. It does not imply esteem or respect,
and quote the verse, "Do not
make the calling of the Messenger among
yourselves like your calling to one another." 24:63
(In conclusion, the practice when one mentions a
prophet, is that we pray upon him in combination with Prophet Muhammad in a
similar way to this "upon so- and-so, and our Prophet, the praise and
peace").
Section 9 - Visiting the tomb of the Prophet, how
he should be greeted and the virtue of one's visit
Omar's son tells us that the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, said, "My intercession is assured for those who visit
me." Visiting the tomb of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him,
is both excellent and to be desired.
We are told by Anas, Malik's son that the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, "Anyone who, for the Sake of
Allah, visits me in Medina is near me, and on the Day of Resurrection I will
intercede for him."
He also said, "Whosoever visits me after my
death, it is as if he visited me while I am alive."
The jurist, Isaac, Abraham's son said a person
should go to Medina when he/she makes the Greater Pilgrimage with the intention
of praying in the Prophet's Mosque, and seek the blessings of seeing his Meadow
(Rawda), pulpit, tomb, the place where he sat, places that were touched by his
blessed hand, places where his blessed feet walked, and the pillar on which he
would lean, the places where Gabriel descended bring the Revelation to him, the
places connected with his Companions and the leaders of Muslims who lived
there.
Abi Fudayk's son heard someone say, "We have
heard that all who stand before the tomb of the Prophet should recite the
verse, 'Allah and His angels praise and venerate the Prophet' 33:56 and
then say, 'May Allah praise you, O Muhammad.' If this is said seventy times an
angel will call to that person saying, 'May Allah bless you!' and all his needs
will be taken care of."
When Omar Abdul Aziz bade farewell with the
greetings of peace to Yazid, Abi Sa'id Al Mahri's son, he asked, "I would
like you to do something for me. When you reach Medina and visit the tomb of
the Prophet, greet him on my behalf with peace." It has also been reported
that whenever he wrote letters from Syria to the people of Medina he would also
ask them to do the same.
Amongst the early generation was a man who
observed Anas, Malik's son approach the tomb of the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him. He tells us that Anas stopped, raised his hands as if he were about
to pray, greeted the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, then left.
Malik said that when someone visits the tomb of
the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and supplicates, he should stand
facing the tomb and not the direction of prayer. He should draw closer and
greet him but not touch the tomb with his hands. In his reference "Al
Mabsut" he writes, "I do not think people should stand at the tomb of
the Prophet, rather they should greet him and depart."
Abi Mulayka's son said, "Those who wish to stand
and face the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, should face the lamp in the
direction of prayer at the end of the tomb near his blessed head."
Omar's son would greet the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, at the tomb. Nafi said that he saw him visit the tomb more
than a hundred times and Omar's son would say, "Peace be upon the Prophet,
may Allah praise him and grant him peace. Peace be upon Abu Bakr" and
leave thereafter. Omar's son was also observed placing his hand where the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, sat on the pulpit and then wipe his hand over his
face.
Qusayt's son and the son of Al Utbi said,
"Whenever the Mosque was empty, the Companions would touch the knob of the
pulpit near the tomb with their right hand. Then they would face the direction
of prayer and supplicate."
In the reference "Muwatta" Malik wrote
that he would stand at the tomb of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
and say the prayer upon the Prophet, then pray for Abu Bakr and then Omar.
Malik said that the person who is greeting should say, "Peace be upon you,
O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings."
The Judge Abul Walid Al Baji spoke about the
respect due to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, when visiting his
tomb, "I think the visitor should supplicate for the Prophet using the
words praise and veneration and choose a different word for Abu Bakr and Omar,
as Omar's son indicated."
Habib's son tells us how one should enter the
Prophet's Mosque. He said, "One should enter saying, 'In the Name of Allah
and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. Peace be upon us from our Lord. Allah
and His angels praise Muhammad. O Allah, forgive us our sins and open for us
the gates of Your Mercy and Your Garden and protect us from the accursed
satan!'"
Having done this Habib's son tells us that one
should go to the Meadow (Rawda) which is an area of the Mosque that lies
between the tomb and the pulpit and offer two units of prayer in which one
praises Allah before standing before the tomb. One should ask Allah for the
absolute fulfillment of one's intention which brought you there to visit him
and for help in its realization. However, if your two units of prayer are
performed outside the Rawda, it suffices, but it is preferable to perform them
in the Rawda. Of the Rawda the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said, The
area between my house and the pulpit is one of the Meadows of the Garden. My
pulpit is on one of the raised gardens in the Garden.'
We are also informed that thereafter one should
proceed and stand in a state of humility and respect before the tomb of the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and ask for blessings upon him and give
what praise one can. Then proceed to greet Abu Bakr and Omar and supplicate for
them. One should offer as many prayers as one can in the Prophet's Mosque day
and night. It is also highly recommended to visit the Mosque of Quba and the
graveyard in which the martyrs are buried, may Allah be pleased with them.
Malik wrote a letter to Muhammad, who was
possibility the son of Al Hasan Ash Shaybani in which he said, "The
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, should be greeted when you enter and
leave his Mosque." Muhammad said, "Before leaving the Mosque stand
near the tomb. The same applies when it is time for you to depart from
Medina."
Lady Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her, said
that she heard the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, say, "Whenever
you enter the (Prophet's) Mosque, supplicate for praise upon the Prophet and
say, 'O Allah, forgive me my sins and open the doors of Your Mercy to me.' When
you leave, supplicate for praise upon the Prophet, may Allah praise him and
grant him peace, and say, 'O Allah, forgive me my sins and open the doors of
Your overflowing favor to me.'"
Muhammad, Sirin's son said, "Whenever people
entered the Prophet's Mosque, they would supplicate, 'May Allah and His angels
praise and venerate Muhammad. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of
Allah and His blessings. In the Name of Allah we have entered and in the Name
of Allah we will depart. We rely upon Allah." Upon their departure they
said something similar.
The practice of the Messenger of Allah, praise
and peace be upon him, when he entered the Mosque was to say, "O Allah,
open the doors of Your mercy to me and make the gates of Your provision easy
for me."
Abu Hurayrah said, "Whenever one of you
enters the Prophet's Mosque, let him supplicate for praise upon the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, and say O Allah open the way for me!"
Malik wrote in his reference "Al
Mabsut", "It is not essential for the inhabitants of Medina who enter
and leave the Prophet's Mosque to stand at the tomb, this is for
visitors."
He also said, "There is no harm for those
who either intend to go on a journey or have returned from a journey to stand
at the at the tomb of the Prophet, may Allah praise and venerate him and grant
him peace, and ask for blessings upon him, and supplicate for him, then Abu
Bakr and Omar."
Al Qasim's son observed that when the inhabitants
of Medina left or entered the City they would come to the tomb and greet the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. He commented, "That is considered
to be the best practice."
Al Baji said, "Between the inhabitants of
Medina and visitors there is a difference. Visitors have come with a specific
intention to do so whereas the inhabitants live there and their intention is
not to go there for the sake of the tomb and greeting."
Ahmad, Sa'id Al Hindi's son made reference to
people standing at the tomb in his book. He said, "Neither cling to it nor
touch it, nor stand before it for a long time."
In the reference "Utibiyaa" it is
written, "When in the Mosque of the Prophet, may Allah praise and venerate
him and grant him peace, commence with the prayer on the Prophet which you say
before the final greeting of the prayer. The best place to offer voluntary
prayers in the Prophet's Mosque is in the place where the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, used to pray in the location of the pillar scented with aroma
of the wooded perfume of khaluq. The best place to offer the obligatory prayer
is in the front rows. I prefer visitors of offer voluntary prayers there rather
than in their accommodation."
Section 10 - The manner to be adopted upon entering the Prophet's
Mosque and its excellence, and the excellence of Mecca and Medina
Allah says, "A mosque founded upon piety
from the first day is worthier for you to stand in." 9:108. When the
Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, was asked which mosque the verse referred
to Zaid, Thabit's son and others report that he replied, "My Mosque."
Abbas' son said that it refers to the mosque of Quba.
Abu Hurayrah tells us that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, told his Companions, "Mounts should only be saddled
to visit three mosques, the Sacred Mosque, my Mosque and the Mosque of Al Aqsa
(Jerusalem)."
Abdullah, Amr ibn Al As's son tells us that
whenever the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, entered the Mosque he would
supplicate, "I seek refuge with Allah, the Magnificent, and with His Noble
Face and timeless prayer from the accursed shaytan."
When Omar, Al Khattab's son heard a raised voice
in the Prophet's Mosque he asked the person, "Who are you?" The man
replied, "A man from Thaqif" Whereupon Omar said, "if you had
been from one of the two Cities, I would have punished you - no one should
raise his voice in our Mosques!"
Muhammad, Maslama's son informs us that no one
should either intentionally raise his voice or act offensively in the Prophet's
Mosque, and that one should keep oneself from doing anything that is considered
dislikeable. The scholars of Islam are in agreement that this applies to all
mosques. He also said that it is disliked that anyone should speak in a manner
that would distract those who are praying. It is also dislikeable to raise
one's voice when saying the 'Talbiyya' (the call of pilgrims "Obedient to
You" before setting of for Mecca) in any mosque except the Sacred Mosque
of Mecca, and the Prophet's Mosque.
The value of a prayer offered in the Prophet's
Mosque has been reported by Abu Hurayrah, who tells us that the Prophet, praise
and peace be upon him, said, "The prayer in my Mosque is better than a
thousand prayers in any other mosque except for the Sacred Mosque."
There is a difference in opinion regarding the
word "except'. Malik and other scholars are of the opinion that the
preceding prophetic quotation means that the prayer in the Prophet's Mosque is
better than the prayer in the Sacred Mosque, but less than a thousand times better.
To support their opinion they quote Omar, Al Khattab's son who said, "The
prayer in the Sacred Mosque is better than a hundred prayers in other
mosques." Consequently, they understood that the excellence of the prayer
in the Prophet's Mosque is nine- hundred times greater.
The inhabitations of Mecca and Kufa support the
opinion of the supremacy of Mecca and amongst the supporters of this opinion
from the Maliki school of jurisprudence are Ata, Wahb's son and Habib's son,
and from the Shafi'i school Saji. They quote the prophetic quotation that says,
"One prayer in the Sacred Mosque is better than a hundred prayers in my
Mosque."
It has also been said that a prayer offered in
the Sacred Mosque is a hundred thousand times better than the prayer offered
anywhere else.
However, there is no disagreement among the
scholars that the place of the tomb of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon
him, is the best place on earth (and so are those of his descendants).
We are reminded of the prophetic quotation that
reads, "What is lies between my house and my pulpit is one of the Meadows
of the Garden." In addition to this Abu Hurayrah and others quoted
"and my pulpit is above my Pool (Kawthar)." In another prophetic
quotation we learn, "My pulpit is one of the raised gardens of the
Garden."
At-Tabari said the quotation has two meanings one
of which is the word "house" which is literal and where the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, lived. The other is that "between my house
and my pulpit" refers to the house being his tomb.
At-Tabari drew our attention to the fact that
both meanings amount to the same, because the tomb of the Prophet, praise and
peace be upon him, is in his house, so there is no conflict.
With regard to the quotation "My pulpit is
above my Pool (Kawthar), it has been said that one possibility is that it is
the actual pulpit in his Mosque, the second possibility is that the Prophet,
praise and peace be upon him, has another pulpit in the Hereafter. The third
opinion is that being present at his pulpit means the doing of good deeds that
bring believers to the Pool and from which they drink. As for "One of the
Meadows in the Garden", it has been interpreted with two meanings one of
which is that it assures the supplication and prayer offered in the Prophetic
Garden (Rawda), which is the area between the tomb of the Prophet and his
pulpit, are subject to that reward. The second meaning is that this area is
transported by Allah and is actually in the Garden.
Of Medina, Omar's son and several other
Companions, report the saying of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
that "On the Day or Resurrection I will be the witness and intercessor for
the person who has been steadfast in the face of its difficulties and
hardship." As for those who left Medina, the Prophet, praise and peace be
upon him, said, "Medina is better for them if they but knew." He also
said, "Medina is like a pair of bellows, it casts out what is impure and
leaves what is pure." And, "Allah gives Medina to someone who is
better than he who leaves Medina on account of his aversion."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, gave
good news of those blessed to die in either of the two Holy Cities, he said,
"On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will raise up whosoever dies in either
one of the two (Mecca or Medina) on the Greater Pilgrimage or the Lesser
Pilgrimage without reckoning or punishment." Another transmission reads,
"He will be raised up among the trustworthy on the Day of
Resurrection."
Omar's son reported the Prophet, praise and peace
be upon him, saying, "Whosoever can die in Medina should do so, because I
will intercede for all who die in it."
Allah says, "The first House ever to be
built for people was that of Bakkah (Mecca), blessed and a guidance for the
worlds." 3:96.
It has been said by a scholar of Islam that
"guidance" means safety from the Fire. It has also been said that it
implies safety from people who would otherwise do something harmful outside the
precincts of the Sacred Mosque - even during the "Time of Ignorance"
it was established as a place of sanctuary. Allah says, "And We made
the House (Kabah) a visitation and a sanctuary for people. 2:125.
Some people went to Sa'dun Al Khawlani who
resided in Monastir, Spain, and told him that the Berber tribe of Kutama had
killed a man. They had lit a fire placed him over it and made sure the fire did
not die out throughout the entire night, however the fire had not consume his
body. Sa'dun inquired, "Had he been on three Greater Pilgrimages?"
They replied that he had, whereupon he said, "I was told of a prophetic
saying that anyone who goes once the Greater Pilgrimage has fulfilled his
obligation, anyone who goes twice he claims his reward with his Lord, and that
Allah will forbid the Fire to touch the hair and body of whosoever goes on the
Greater Pilgrimage three times."
When the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him,
gazed upon the Ka'ba he said, "Welcome to you! What House is greater than
you or has greater holiness than yours!"
The Messenger of Allah, praise and peace be upon
him, spoke of the Black Stone and Ka'ba saying, "No one supplicates to
Allah at the Black Stone except that he receives an answer from Allah. It is
the same beneath the water-spout (of Ka'ba)."
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke
of the blessings of praying behind the Station of Abraham in the Ka'ba. He
said, "Whosoever prays two units of prayer behind the Station of Abraham
will have his past and future sins forgiven, and he will be gathered with those
who are safe on the Day of Resurrection."
Abbas' son tells us that he heard the Messenger
of Allah, praise and peace be upon him, say, "There is no one who
supplicates for something in this Multazam (the wall of Ka'ba between its door
and the Black Stone) of the Mosque except that his supplication is granted."
Abbas' son tells us that everything he asked for at the Multazam was always
granted to him by Allah. Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Al Humaydi and Muhammad, Idris's
son Al Udhri, and Abdul Hasan, Al Hassan's son said that their supplications
were always answered.
Abu Osama, said, "I don’t remember hearing
Al Hasan, Rashiq's son transmitting this prophetic saying, however, I have
never asked Allah for anything in this Multazam without my worldly request
being granted, and it is my hope that my requests will also be granted in the
Hereafter."
The Judge Abu Ali tells us, "I have asked
Allah for many things, some of which have been granted, and it is my hope that
the remainder will be granted out of the vastness of His Bounty."
Allah gives success in following the right path
by His Mercy.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of all the Worlds, and
the peace and blessings of Allah be upon His Beloved Prophet. Amen.
End of
THE BEST BIOGRAPHY OF
PROPHET MUHAMMAD
for over 800 years
An Adaptation and abridgement
May Allah accept and may it please His Prophet
And bless and benefit its readers and electronic
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distributors
New Release Version 2.0 October, 2006